Physical Purification

[fiqh urud]

Physical Purification

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It is the purification of the body from filth and impurities, and this is divided into two:

1- Purification from Hadath (the state of ritual impurity).
2- Purification from filth
1- Purification from Hadath (the state of ritual impurity).
Hadath is that which, when produced from or befalls a body, prevents a Muslim from acts of worship that purification is a requisite for, e.g. As-Salah, circumambulation of the Ka’abah etc. Hadath is divided into two:
Minor Hadath:
It is what makes ablution imperative, like urine, defecation, passing wind and all other nullifiers of Al-Wudu’ (ablution). These will be listed later on in the text. Purification from these is by performing Al-Wudu’. Allah , says: “ O you who believe! When you intend to offer Salah (daily prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over ) your heads, and wash your feet up to the ankles. ” (Maidah:6)]
Major Hadath
It it that which makes Ghusl (a purificatory bath) imperative, e.g. sexual relations, menstruation etc. Purification from this state is through Ghusl. Allah Says: “If you are in a state of janabah (i.e. after sexual relations), purify yourselves (by bathing your whole body).”] [Maidah:6] 
If it is impossible to purify oneself through wudu or ghusl, then one purifies himself through Tayammum (a dry form of purification using soil, to be discussed in a later section).
2-Purification from filth

Removal of filth is obligatory, as Allah Says: “And purify your garments” (Mudathir: 4). And the Prophet ﷺ said; “Most of the punishment in the grave is a result of the lack of cleaning urine” and “When any of you comes to the masjid, he should be mindful of his sandals, if he sees filth or dirt on it, he should wipe it and then, pray in them” 

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