How could we have
known? Although Hershel Parker is listed in the front
matter as editor of the 1820-1865 section of the first
edition of the Norton Anthology of American Literature, page xxxi of the
"Preface" to the second
edition says, "In the
1820-1865 section, Ronald Gottesman prepared
the texts and introductions for Lincoln, Stowe, Douglass, and Dickinson."
So Gottesman, who virtually founded American Studies at USC and who has
published widely on American film, deserves the credit for his work on the early
Norton. The "Preface" to the fourth edition, does not mention Gottesman.
Instead, it refers to additional texts from 1820-1865. "A powerful defense of
the sovereignty of the Cherokee Nation, the Memorials of the Cherokees
link the Native American oratorical tradition to the Euro-American tradition of
political protest writing. A chapter from William Apess's biographical
work, The Experiences of Five Christian Indians of the Pequot Tribe,
asserts that those who profess Christianity must also uphold racial equality, an
argument from faith that resounds in Frederick Douglass's brilliant speech
The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro, newly anthologized. Six
chapters from Harriet Jacobs' Incidents in the Life of a Slave
Girl convey the drama of Linda Brent's bondage and escape, as well as
Jacobs' skillful use of melodrama in the cause of abolition. The period
1820-1865 also includes notable additions to two major authors. Freshly
collated from manuscript is Walt Whitman's poem-sequence Live Oak, with
Moss, celebrating sexual "adhesiveness" of man for man. These
poems are here restored to Whitman's first and most personal ordering. The
headnote to Dickinson has been entirely rewritten and appropriately expanded;
her poetry has been enriched with twenty-seven new poems that reveal both her
growing self-awareness as a poet and her connection to other poets and
writers--Shakespeare, the Brownings, the Brontes." None of these changes
seem inconsistent with Hershel Parker's interests, so I infer that he took
over editorship of the whole of this section for the fourth
edition.