[RFC 00/12] add support to build isar unprivileged

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Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:44 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Dear isar-users,

currently isar requires password-less sudo and an environment
where mounting file systems is possible. This has proven problematic
for security reasons, both when running in a privileged container or
locally.

To solve this, we implement fully rootless builds that rely on the
unshare syscall which allows us to avoid sudo and instead operate in
temporary kernel namespaces as a user that is just privileged within
that namespace. This comes with some challenges regarding the handling
of mounts (they are cleared when leaving the namespace), as well as
cross namespace deployments (the outer user might not be able to access
the inner data). For that, we rework the handling of mounts and artifact
passing to make it compatible with both chroot modes (schroot and
unshare).

The patches 1-10 align the file permissions of deployments and artifacts
to avoid the use of chown (which will not work anymore across uid
boundaries). In addition, helpers are introduced to perform privileged
operations, which simplifies the migration of existing layers.

The patches 11 and 12 introduce the unshare mode, which can be executed
as a normal user and does not require root. To enable this mode, set
ISAR_ROOTLESS = "1".

While the series is by far not complete yet, it already passes the DevTest
CI. Know issues are currently:

- no support for VM and container images
- unprivileged cleanup of the build/tmp dir is non trivial
- sporadic issues on partial rebuilds on rootfs_install_sstate_finalize
- interfaces between kas and isar need to be defined

Note, that this series can be tested on a custom kas-container build
provided in [1]. Hints how to migrate downstream layers are provided
in the API changelog.

[1] https://groups.google.com/g/kas-devel/c/NWQFCU2aUHg

Best regards,
Felix Moessbauer
Siemens AG

Felix Moessbauer (12):
refactor bootstrap: store rootfs tar with user permissions
deb-dl-dir: export without root privileges
download debs without locking
introduce wrappers for privileged execution
bootstrap: move cleanup trap to function
rootfs: rework sstate caching of rootfs artifact
rootfs_generate_initramfs: rework deployment to avoid chowning
wic: rework image deploy logic to deploy under correct user
use bitbake function to generate mounting scripts
apt-fetcher: prepare for chroot specific fetching
add support for fully rootless builds
apt-fetcher: implement support for unshare backend

Kconfig | 2 +-
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 57 +++++
doc/user_manual.md | 2 +
meta/classes-global/base.bbclass | 93 ++++++++
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 20 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 20 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass | 16 +-
.../image-account-extension.bbclass | 4 +-
.../image-locales-extension.bbclass | 13 +-
.../image-postproc-extension.bbclass | 30 +--
.../image-tools-extension.bbclass | 96 +++++++-
meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass | 24 +-
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass | 47 ++--
.../imagetypes_container.bbclass | 26 +--
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass | 12 +-
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 221 ++++++++++--------
meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass | 37 ++-
meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass | 23 +-
meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes/sbom.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/conf/bitbake.conf | 7 +-
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 90 ++++++-
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 47 ++--
.../sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc | 24 +-
.../unittests/test_image_account_extension.py | 9 +-
26 files changed, 691 insertions(+), 235 deletions(-)

--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:45 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
As the mmdebstrap itself is executed as root, the generated rootfs will
also be owned by root when stored as file. To avoid this, we let
mmdebstrap emit the rootfs on stdout and write it to a file outside of
the sudo call.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 13 ++++++-------
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index 73fe9434..d5bbae70 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ do_bootstrap() {
${@get_apt_opts(d, '--aptopt')} \
${@get_distro_components_argument(d)} \
"${@get_distro_suite(d)}" \
- "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" \
- "$bootstrap_list"
+ - \
+ "$bootstrap_list" > ${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst

# Finalize bootstrap by setting the link in deploy
- sudo ln -Tfsr "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" "${DEPLOY_ISAR_BOOTSTRAP}.tar.zst"
+ ln -Tfsr "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" "${DEPLOY_ISAR_BOOTSTRAP}.tar.zst"

if [ "${ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO}" != "1" ]; then
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
@@ -259,8 +259,7 @@ SSTATEPOSTINSTFUNCS += "bootstrap_sstate_finalize"

bootstrap_sstate_prepare() {
# this runs in SSTATE_BUILDDIR, which will be deleted automatically
- sudo cp -a "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" ./bootstrap.tar.zst
- sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) bootstrap.tar.zst
+ cp -a "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" ./bootstrap.tar.zst
}

bootstrap_sstate_finalize() {
@@ -268,8 +267,8 @@ bootstrap_sstate_finalize() {
# we should restore symlinks after using tar
if [ -f bootstrap.tar.zst ]; then
mv bootstrap.tar.zst "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst"
- sudo ln -Tfsr "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" \
- "${DEPLOY_ISAR_BOOTSTRAP}.tar.zst"
+ ln -Tfsr "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" \
+ "${DEPLOY_ISAR_BOOTSTRAP}.tar.zst"
fi
}

--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:45 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
The archive is world readable, so we can access it without root
privileges. By that, the files in the download dir are also owned by the
calling user, making the additional chown obsolete.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 5 ++---
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index 7ebc3526..76c2435f 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
isar_debs="$(${SCRIPTSDIR}/lockrun.py -r -f '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock' -c \
"find '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}' -name '*.deb' -print")"

- flock "${pc}".lock sudo -Es << 'EOSUDO'
+ flock "${pc}".lock /bin/bash -s << 'EOF'
set -e
printenv | grep -q BB_VERBOSE_LOGS && set -x

@@ -170,6 +170,5 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
ln -Pf "${p}" "${pc}" 2>/dev/null ||
cp -n "${p}" "${pc}"
done
- chown -R ${owner} "${pc}"
-EOSUDO
+EOF
}
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:48 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
As we are only downloading and we are the only one acting on the rootfs,
it is safe to not lock the apt cache. By that, we can avoid complex file
ownerships in the tree.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass | 3 ++-
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 10 +---------
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 2 +-
6 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index 76c2435f..6675d48d 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ debsrc_download() {
--chdir "/deb-src/${rootfs_distro}/${src}" \
-- \
apt-get -o APT::Architecture=${DISTRO_ARCH} \
+ -oDebug::NoLocking=1 \
-o Dir="${rootfs}" -y --download-only \
--only-source source "${src}=${version}" \
|| echo "${src} ${version}" >> ${missing}
@@ -121,7 +122,6 @@ deb_dl_dir_import() {
# let our unprivileged user place downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives/
sudo -Es << ' EOSUDO'
mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
- touch "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
EOSUDO

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
index 1227da36..d0809477 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ do_fetch_common_source() {
schroot -r -c ${session_id} -d / -- \
sh -c '
cd /work
- apt-get -y --download-only --only-source -o Acquire::Source-Symlinks="false" source ${DEBIAN_SOURCE}'
+ apt-get -y --download-only --only-source -o Debug::NoLocking=1 -o Acquire::Source-Symlinks="false" source ${DEBIAN_SOURCE}'

schroot -e -c ${session_id}
remove_mounts
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
index b6b07dba..9bff36ff 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ image_install_localepurge_download[weight] = "40"
image_install_localepurge_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
image_install_localepurge_download() {
sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} --download-only localepurge
+ /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only localepurge
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "image_install_localepurge_install"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
index b0f25a69..e88557f6 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ imager_run() {
apt-get update \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceList='sources.list.d/isar-apt.list' \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceParts='-' \
- -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup='0'
+ -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup='0' \
+ -o Debug::NoLocking=1
apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends -y \
--allow-unauthenticated --allow-downgrades --download-only install \
${local_install}"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 8485b32f..629dc666 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -340,18 +340,10 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_download[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.PkgsDownloadPro
rootfs_install_pkgs_download[isar-apt-lock] = "release-after"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download() {
- mkdir -p "${WORKDIR}/dpkg"
-
- # Use our own dpkg lock files rather than those in the rootfs since we are not root
- # (this is safe as there are no concurrent apt/dpkg operations for that rootfs)
- touch "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock" "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock-frontend"
-
# download packages using apt in a non-privileged namespace
rootfs_cmd --bind "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/apt/archives" /var/cache/apt/archives \
- --bind "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock" /var/lib/dpkg/lock \
- --bind "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock-frontend" /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend \
${ROOTFSDIR} \
- -- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+ -- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT ??= ""
diff --git a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
index 041f5445..dfa784a9 100644
--- a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
+++ b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
set -e
mkdir -p /downloads/{ud.localfile}
cd /downloads/{ud.localfile}
- apt-get -y --download-only --only-source source {ud.src_package}
+ apt-get -y -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only --only-source source {ud.src_package}
'
''', d)
except (OSError, FetchError):
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:52 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
By that, we can make the trap more easily conditional.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 24 +++++++++++--------
1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index f420c3c1..8ca295b7 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -105,6 +105,19 @@ def get_apt_auth_opts(d):
f"--setup-hook='upload \"{workdir}/apt-auth\" /etc/apt/auth.conf.d/isar.conf'"
return ''

+bootstrap_cleanup() {
+ [ -r "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir" ] && tmpdir=$(cat "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir") \
+ && rm "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir"
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/base-apt \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/base-apt
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir
+ [ -n "$base_apt_tmp" ] && mountpoint -q $base_apt_tmp \
+ && run_privileged umount $base_apt_tmp \
+ && rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp
+}
+
do_bootstrap[vardeps] += " \
DISTRO_APT_PREMIRRORS \
ISAR_ENABLE_COMPAT_ARCH \
@@ -201,16 +214,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {

# Cleanup mounts if fails
trap 'exit 1' INT HUP QUIT TERM ALRM USR1
- trap '[ -r "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir" ] && tmpdir=$(cat "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir") \
- && rm "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir"; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp \
- && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/base-apt \
- && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/base-apt; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir; \
- [ -n "$base_apt_tmp" ] && mountpoint -q $base_apt_tmp \
- && run_privileged umount $base_apt_tmp \
- && rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp' EXIT
+ trap 'bootstrap_cleanup' EXIT

# Create lock file so that it is owned by the user running the build (not root)
mkdir -p ${DEBDIR}
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:52 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
As a preparation to enable rootless builds, we introduce wrappers for
common cases of privileged command execution. The wrappers are defined
in the base class where later on the executor dispatching will be
implemented as well.

The wrappers are introduced throughout the whole codebase and downstream
layers are also encouraged to use them to increase compatibility with
upcoming API changes.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 16 ++++
meta/classes-global/base.bbclass | 30 +++++++
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 4 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass | 2 +-
.../image-account-extension.bbclass | 4 +-
.../image-locales-extension.bbclass | 4 +-
.../image-postproc-extension.bbclass | 30 +++----
meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass | 14 +--
.../imagetypes_container.bbclass | 26 +++---
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass | 4 +-
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 88 +++++++++----------
meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass | 10 +--
meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass | 14 +--
meta/classes/sbom.bbclass | 2 +-
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 12 +--
.../unittests/test_image_account_extension.py | 9 +-
17 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)

diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index 0bad8a44..bc40a403 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -962,3 +962,19 @@ INSTALLER_UNATTENDED_ABORT_ENABLE = "1"
# Optional: set countdown timeout in seconds (default 5)
INSTALLER_UNATTENDED_ABORT_TIMEOUT = "5"
```
+
+### Execution of privileged commands
+
+When operations require higher privileges than those available to the build user,
+the following helper functions shall be used:
+
+**run_privileged**: Run a command as root while preserving the environment.
+
+**run_privileged_here**: Execute commands provided via stdin in a root shell.
+
+**run_in_chroot**: Run a command within a chroot environment. The first argument
+specifies the rootfs path.
+
+Using these helpers instead of direct `sudo` invocations centralizes platform-specific
+privileged execution logic in `base.bbclass`. Direct use of `sudo` is discouraged
+in downstream layers.
diff --git a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
index 6c788adb..16939f64 100644
--- a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
@@ -384,3 +384,33 @@ python deprecation_checking() {

deprecation_checking[vardepsexclude] += "MACHINE"
do_unpack[prefuncs] += "deprecation_checking"
+
+# Helpers for privileged execution. Only the non-underscore functions
+# shall be used outside of this class.
+
+def run_privileged_cmd(d):
+ cmd = 'sudo -E'
+ bb.debug(1, "privileged cmd: %s" % cmd)
+ return cmd
+
+RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD := "${@run_privileged_cmd(d)}"
+
+run_privileged() {
+ ${RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD} "$@"
+}
+
+run_privileged_here() {
+ ${RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD} /bin/bash -s "$@"
+}
+
+# create a directory that is suitable to be the
+# parent of a rootfs
+create_chroot_parent_dir() {
+ mkdir -p "$@"
+}
+
+run_in_chroot() {
+ rootfs="$1"
+ shift
+ ${RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD} chroot "$rootfs" "$@"
+}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index 6675d48d..fc0cd915 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ dbg_pkgs_download() {
| grep "${DISTRO_ARCH}" \
| awk '!/Binary:/ {print $1}' \
| sort -u
- done | xargs -r sudo -E chroot ${rootfs} sh -c '/usr/bin/apt-get -y --download-only install "$@"' --
+ done | xargs -r run_in_chroot ${rootfs} sh -c '/usr/bin/apt-get -y --download-only install "$@"' --
}

deb_dl_dir_import() {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ deb_dl_dir_import() {
export gid=$(id -g)

# let our unprivileged user place downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives/
- sudo -Es << ' EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here << ' EOSUDO'
mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
EOSUDO
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
index d8287e8d..df3dd1fd 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ def isar_export_build_settings(d):

dpkg_schroot_create_configs() {
schroot_create_configs
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
sbuild_fstab="${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}/fstab"
fstab_isarapt="${WORKDIR}/isar-apt/${DISTRO}-${DISTRO_ARCH}/apt/${DISTRO} /isar-apt none rw,bind 0 0"
grep -qxF "${fstab_isarapt}" ${sbuild_fstab} || echo "${fstab_isarapt}" >> ${sbuild_fstab}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
index 8bb5adeb..8d7ff092 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@ dpkg_runbuild() {
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/rootfs" "${distro}"

# Cleanup apt artifacts
- sudo rm -rf ${WORKDIR}/rootfs
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${WORKDIR}/rootfs
}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass
index a8a3c7ff..bd721130 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def image_create_groups(d: "DataSmart") -> None:
"""
entries = (d.getVar("GROUPS") or "").split()
rootfsdir = d.getVar("ROOTFSDIR")
- chroot = ["sudo", "-E", "chroot", rootfsdir]
+ chroot = run_privileged_cmd(d).split() + ["chroot", rootfsdir]

for entry in entries:
args = []
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def image_create_users(d: "DataSmart") -> None:

entries = (d.getVar("USERS") or "").split()
rootfsdir = d.getVar("ROOTFSDIR")
- chroot = ["sudo", "-E", "chroot", rootfsdir]
+ chroot = run_privileged_cmd(d).split() + ["chroot", rootfsdir]

for entry in entries:
args = []
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
index 9bff36ff..f4eb3718 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT += "image_install_localepurge_download"
image_install_localepurge_download[weight] = "40"
image_install_localepurge_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
image_install_localepurge_download() {
- sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only localepurge
}

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ ${@get_nopurge(d)}
__EOF__

# Install configuration into image:
- sudo -E -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
localepurge_state='i'
if chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg -s localepurge 2>/dev/null >&2
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-postproc-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-postproc-extension.bbclass
index 1aba2ec5..86db0f7b 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-postproc-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-postproc-extension.bbclass
@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ update_etc_os_release() {
done

if [ -n "${OS_RELEASE_BUILD_ID}" ]; then
- sudo sed -i '/^BUILD_ID=.*/d' '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
+ run_privileged sed -i '/^BUILD_ID=.*/d' '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
echo "BUILD_ID=\"${OS_RELEASE_BUILD_ID}\"" | \
- sudo tee -a '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
+ run_privileged tee -a '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
fi
if [ -n "${OS_RELEASE_VARIANT}" ]; then
- sudo sed -i '/^VARIANT=.*/d' '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
+ run_privileged sed -i '/^VARIANT=.*/d' '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
echo "VARIANT=\"${OS_RELEASE_VARIANT}\"" | \
- sudo tee -a '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
+ run_privileged tee -a '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
fi
if [ -n "${OS_RELEASE_VARIANT_VERSION}" ]; then
- sudo sed -i '/^VARIANT_VERSION=.*/d' '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
+ run_privileged sed -i '/^VARIANT_VERSION=.*/d' '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
echo "VARIANT_VERSION=\"${OS_RELEASE_VARIANT_VERSION}\"" | \
- sudo tee -a '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
+ run_privileged tee -a '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/os-release'
fi
}

@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND =+ "image_postprocess_configure"
image_postprocess_configure() {
# Configure root filesystem
if [ -n "${DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT}" ]; then
- sudo install -m 755 "${WORKDIR}/${DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT}" "${IMAGE_ROOTFS}"
+ run_privileged install -m 755 "${WORKDIR}/${DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT}" "${IMAGE_ROOTFS}"
TARGET_DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT="$(basename ${DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT})"
- sudo chroot ${IMAGE_ROOTFS} "/$TARGET_DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT" \
+ run_in_chroot ${IMAGE_ROOTFS} "/$TARGET_DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT" \
"${MACHINE_SERIAL}" "${BAUDRATE_TTY}"
- sudo rm "${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/$TARGET_DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT"
+ run_privileged rm "${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/$TARGET_DISTRO_CONFIG_SCRIPT"
fi
}

@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ image_postprocess_machine_id() {
# systemd(1) takes care of recreating the machine-id on first boot
# for systemd < v247, set to empty string, else set to uninitialized
# (required if initramfs with ro root is used)
- SYSTEMD_VERSION=$( sudo chroot ${IMAGE_ROOTFS} dpkg-query --showformat='${source:Upstream-Version}' --show systemd || echo "0" )
+ SYSTEMD_VERSION=$( run_in_chroot ${IMAGE_ROOTFS} dpkg-query --showformat='${source:Upstream-Version}' --show systemd || echo "0" )
MACHINE_ID="uninitialized"
if dpkg --compare-versions "$SYSTEMD_VERSION" "lt" "247"; then
MACHINE_ID=""
fi
- echo "$MACHINE_ID" | sudo chroot ${IMAGE_ROOTFS} tee /etc/machine-id
- sudo rm -f '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/var/lib/dbus/machine-id'
+ echo "$MACHINE_ID" | run_in_chroot ${IMAGE_ROOTFS} tee /etc/machine-id
+ run_privileged rm -f '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/var/lib/dbus/machine-id'
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND =+ "image_postprocess_sshd_key_regen"
@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ image_postprocess_sshd_key_regen() {

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND =+ "image_postprocess_disable_systemd_firstboot"
image_postprocess_disable_systemd_firstboot() {
- SYSTEMD_VERSION=$(sudo chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg-query \
+ SYSTEMD_VERSION=$(run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg-query \
--showformat='${source:Upstream-Version}' \
--show systemd || echo "0" )

if dpkg --compare-versions "$SYSTEMD_VERSION" "ge" "251"; then
- sudo chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemctl mask systemd-firstboot
- if ! cmd_output=$(sudo chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemd-firstboot \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemctl mask systemd-firstboot
+ if ! cmd_output=$(run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemd-firstboot \
--prompt --welcome=false </dev/null 2>/dev/null); then
bbwarn "Your image is not configured completely according to systemd-firstboot."
bbwarn "It prompted: \"${cmd_output}\""
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
index afe6906e..ca449ec5 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ get_build_id() {
ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "image_configure_fstab"
image_configure_fstab[weight] = "2"
image_configure_fstab() {
- sudo tee '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/fstab' << EOF
+ run_privileged tee '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/fstab' << EOF
# Begin /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ do_copy_boot_files() {
kernel="$(realpath -q '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}'/boot/vmlinu[xz])"
fi
if [ -f "$kernel" ]; then
- sudo cat "$kernel" > "${DEPLOYDIR}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}"
+ run_privileged cat "$kernel" > "${DEPLOYDIR}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}"
fi

for file in ${DTB_FILES}; do
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ def apt_list_files(d):
IMAGE_LISTS = "${@ ' '.join(apt_list_files(d)) }"

do_rootfs_finalize() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

if [ -e "${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh" ]; then
@@ -473,14 +473,14 @@ EOSUDO

# Sometimes qemu-user-static generates coredumps in chroot, move them
# to work temporary directory and inform user about it.
- for f in $(sudo find ${ROOTFSDIR} -type f -name *.core -exec file --mime-type {} \; | grep 'application/x-coredump' | cut -d: -f1); do
- sudo mv "${f}" "${WORKDIR}/temp/"
+ for f in $(run_privileged find ${ROOTFSDIR} -type f -name *.core -exec file --mime-type {} \; | grep 'application/x-coredump' | cut -d: -f1); do
+ run_privileged mv "${f}" "${WORKDIR}/temp/"
bbwarn "found core dump in rootfs, check it in ${WORKDIR}/temp/${f##*/}"
done

# Set same time-stamps to the newly generated file/folders in the
# rootfs image for the purpose of reproducible builds.
- sudo find ${ROOTFSDIR} -newermt "$(date -d@${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')" \
+ run_privileged find ${ROOTFSDIR} -newermt "$(date -d@${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')" \
-exec touch '{}' -h -d@${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH} ';'
}
do_rootfs_finalize[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ do_rootfs_quality_check() {
;;
esac
done
- found=$( sudo find ${ROOTFSDIR} -type f -newer $rootfs_install_stamp $args )
+ found=$( run_privileged find ${ROOTFSDIR} -type f -newer $rootfs_install_stamp $args )
if [ -n "$found" ]; then
bbwarn "Files changed after package install. The following files seem"
bbwarn "to have changed where they probably should not have."
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass
index ea15decf..b6cc4a14 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass
@@ -37,38 +37,38 @@ do_containerize() {

# prepare OCI container image skeleton
bbdebug 1 "prepare OCI container image skeleton"
- sudo rm -rf "${oci_img_dir}" "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked"
- sudo umoci init --layout "${oci_img_dir}"
- sudo umoci new --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}"
+ run_privileged rm -rf "${oci_img_dir}" "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked"
+ run_privileged umoci init --layout "${oci_img_dir}"
+ run_privileged umoci new --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}"
if [ -n "${cmd}" ]; then
- sudo umoci config --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
+ run_privileged umoci config --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
--config.cmd="${cmd}"
fi
if [ -n "${entrypoint}" ]; then
- sudo umoci config --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
+ run_privileged umoci config --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
--config.entrypoint="${entrypoint}"
fi
if [ -n "${path}" ]; then
- sudo umoci config --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
+ run_privileged umoci config --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
--config.env="PATH=${path}"
fi
- sudo umoci unpack --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
+ run_privileged umoci unpack --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}" \
"${oci_img_dir}_unpacked"

# add root filesystem as the flesh of the skeleton
- sudo cp --reflink=auto -a "${rootfs}"/* "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked/rootfs/"
+ run_privileged cp --reflink=auto -a "${rootfs}"/* "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked/rootfs/"
# clean-up temporary files
- sudo find "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked/rootfs/tmp" -mindepth 1 -delete
+ run_privileged find "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked/rootfs/tmp" -mindepth 1 -delete

# pack container image
bbdebug 1 "pack container image"
- sudo umoci repack --image "${oci_img_dir}:${tag}" \
+ run_privileged umoci repack --image "${oci_img_dir}:${tag}" \
"${oci_img_dir}_unpacked"
- sudo umoci remove --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}"
- sudo rm -rf "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked"
+ run_privileged umoci remove --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}"
+ run_privileged rm -rf "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked"

# no root needed anymore
- sudo chown --recursive $(id -u):$(id -g) "${oci_img_dir}"
+ run_privileged chown --recursive $(id -u):$(id -g) "${oci_img_dir}"
}

convert_container() {
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
index 6b82add3..63974a3e 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ generate_wic_image() {
fi
EOIMAGER

- sudo chown -R $(stat -c "%U" ${LAYERDIR_core}) ${LAYERDIR_core} ${LAYERDIR_isar} ${SCRIPTSDIR} || true
- sudo chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic"*
+ run_privileged chown -R $(stat -c "%U" ${LAYERDIR_core}) ${LAYERDIR_core} ${LAYERDIR_isar} ${SCRIPTSDIR} || true
+ run_privileged chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic"*
rm -rf ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/../pseudo

cat ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.manifest \
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 629dc666..b64a5bde 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ rootfs_cmd() {

rootfs_do_mounts[weight] = "3"
rootfs_do_mounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev' || \
( mount -o bind,private /dev '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev' &&
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ EOSUDO
}

rootfs_do_umounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
if mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'; then
umount '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ rootfs_do_qemu() {
if [ '${@repr(d.getVar('ROOTFS_ARCH') == d.getVar('HOST_ARCH'))}' = 'False' ]
then
test -e '${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static' || \
- sudo cp '/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static' '${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static'
+ run_privileged cp '/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static' '${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static'
fi
}

@@ -240,16 +240,16 @@ ROOTFS_EXTRA_IMPORTED := "${@rootfs_extra_import(d)}"

rootfs_prepare[weight] = "25"
rootfs_prepare(){
- sudo tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"
+ run_privileged tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"

# setup chroot
- sudo "${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh" "setup" "${ROOTFSDIR}"
+ run_privileged "${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh" "setup" "${ROOTFSDIR}"
}

ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "rootfs_configure_isar_apt"
rootfs_configure_isar_apt[weight] = "2"
rootfs_configure_isar_apt() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

mkdir -p '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/sources.list.d'
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ EOSUDO
ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "rootfs_configure_apt"
rootfs_configure_apt[weight] = "2"
rootfs_configure_apt() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

mkdir -p '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d'
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "rootfs_disable_initrd_generation"
rootfs_disable_initrd_generation[weight] = "1"
rootfs_disable_initrd_generation() {
# fully disable initrd generation
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

mkdir -p "${ROOTFSDIR}${ROOTFS_STUBS_DIR}"
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_update[weight] = "5"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[isar-apt-lock] = "acquire-before"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update() {
- sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceList="sources.list.d/isar-apt.list" \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceParts="-" \
-o APT::Get::List-Cleanup="0"
@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@ rootfs_install_resolvconf() {
if [ "${@repr(bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('BB_NO_NETWORK')))}" != "True" ]
then
if [ -L "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/resolv.conf" ]; then
- sudo unlink "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/resolv.conf"
+ run_privileged unlink "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/resolv.conf"
fi
- sudo cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc'
+ run_privileged cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc'
fi
}

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ rootfs_export_package_cache() {
ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "${@ 'rootfs_install_clean_files' if (d.getVar('ROOTFS_CLEAN_FILES') or '').strip() else ''}"
rootfs_install_clean_files[weight] = "2"
rootfs_install_clean_files() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
for clean_file in ${ROOTFS_CLEAN_FILES}; do
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/$clean_file"
done
@@ -370,14 +370,14 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_install[weight] = "8000"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.PkgsInstallProgressHandler"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install() {
- sudo -E chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
+ run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling"
rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling[weight] = "1"
rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50isar-stubs"
rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}${ROOTFS_STUBS_DIR}"
@@ -386,8 +386,8 @@ EOSUDO

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'generate-initrd', '', 'rootfs_clear_initrd_symlinks', d)}"
rootfs_clear_initrd_symlinks() {
- sudo rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/initrd.img
- sudo rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/initrd.img.old
+ run_privileged rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/initrd.img
+ run_privileged rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/initrd.img.old
}

do_rootfs_install[root_cleandirs] = "${ROOTFSDIR}"
@@ -437,21 +437,21 @@ do_cache_deb_src[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
do_cache_deb_src() {
if [ -e "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf ] ||
[ -h "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf ]; then
- sudo mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar
+ run_privileged mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar
fi
rootfs_install_resolvconf
# Note: ISAR updates the apt state information(apt-get update) only once during bootstrap and
# relies on that through out the build. Copy that state information instead of apt-get update
# which generates a new state from upstream.
- sudo tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" ./var/lib/apt/lists --one-top-level="${ROOTFSDIR}"
+ run_privileged tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" ./var/lib/apt/lists --one-top-level="${ROOTFSDIR}"

deb_dl_dir_import ${ROOTFSDIR} ${ROOTFS_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}
debsrc_download ${ROOTFSDIR} ${ROOTFS_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}

- sudo rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
+ run_privileged rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
if [ -e "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar ] ||
[ -h "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar ]; then
- sudo mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
+ run_privileged mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
fi
}

@@ -459,21 +459,21 @@ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('BASE_REPO_FEATURES', 'cache
cache_dbg_pkgs() {
if [ -e "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf ] ||
[ -h "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf ]; then
- sudo mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar
+ run_privileged mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar
fi
rootfs_install_resolvconf
# Note: ISAR updates the apt state information(apt-get update) only once during bootstrap and
# relies on that through out the build. Copy that state information instead of apt-get update
# which generates a new state from upstream.
- sudo tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" ./var/lib/apt/lists --one-top-level="${ROOTFSDIR}"
+ run_privileged tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" ./var/lib/apt/lists --one-top-level="${ROOTFSDIR}"

deb_dl_dir_import ${ROOTFSDIR} ${ROOTFS_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}
dbg_pkgs_download ${ROOTFSDIR}

- sudo rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
+ run_privileged rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
if [ -e "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar ] ||
[ -h "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar ]; then
- sudo mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
+ run_privileged mv "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf.isar "${ROOTFSDIR}"/etc/resolv.conf
fi
}

@@ -482,17 +482,17 @@ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'generate

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'clean-package-cache', 'rootfs_postprocess_clean_package_cache', '', d)}"
rootfs_postprocess_clean_package_cache() {
- sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
/usr/bin/apt-get clean
- sudo rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/lib/apt/lists/"*
+ run_privileged rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/lib/apt/lists/"*
# remove apt-cache folder itself (required in case rootfs is provided by sstate cache)
- sudo rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/apt/archives"
+ run_privileged rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/apt/archives"
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'clean-log-files', 'rootfs_postprocess_clean_log_files', '', d)}"
rootfs_postprocess_clean_log_files() {
# Delete log files that are not owned by packages
- sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
/usr/bin/find /var/log/ -type f \
-exec sh -c '! dpkg -S {} > /dev/null 2>&1' ';' \
-exec rm -f {} ';'
@@ -501,32 +501,32 @@ rootfs_postprocess_clean_log_files() {
ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'clean-debconf-cache', 'rootfs_postprocess_clean_debconf_cache', '', d)}"
rootfs_postprocess_clean_debconf_cache() {
# Delete debconf cache files
- sudo rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/debconf/"*
+ run_privileged rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/debconf/"*
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'clean-pycache', 'rootfs_postprocess_clean_pycache', '', d)}"
rootfs_postprocess_clean_pycache() {
- sudo find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr -type f -name '*.pyc' -delete -print
- sudo find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr -type d -name '__pycache__' -delete -print
+ run_privileged find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr -type f -name '*.pyc' -delete -print
+ run_privileged find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr -type d -name '__pycache__' -delete -print
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "rootfs_postprocess_clean_ldconfig_cache"
rootfs_postprocess_clean_ldconfig_cache() {
# the ldconfig aux-cache is not portable and breaks reproducability
# https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=845034#49
- sudo rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/ldconfig/aux-cache
+ run_privileged rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/ldconfig/aux-cache
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "rootfs_postprocess_clean_tmp"
rootfs_postprocess_clean_tmp() {
# /tmp is by definition non persistent across boots
- sudo rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/tmp/"*
+ run_privileged rm -rf "${ROOTFSDIR}/tmp/"*
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'generate-manifest', 'rootfs_generate_manifest', '', d)}"
rootfs_generate_manifest () {
mkdir -p ${ROOTFS_MANIFEST_DEPLOY_DIR}
- sudo -E chroot --userspec=$(id -u):$(id -g) '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
dpkg-query -W -f \
'${source:Package}|${source:Version}|${Package}:${Architecture}|${Version}\n' > \
'${ROOTFS_MANIFEST_DEPLOY_DIR}'/'${ROOTFS_PACKAGE_SUFFIX}'.manifest
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@ rootfs_export_dpkg_status() {
ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "rootfs_cleanup_isar_apt"
rootfs_cleanup_isar_apt[weight] = "2"
rootfs_cleanup_isar_apt() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/sources.list.d/isar-apt.list"
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/preferences.d/isar-apt"
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ EOSUDO
ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@'rootfs_cleanup_base_apt' if bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO')) else ''}"
rootfs_cleanup_base_apt[weight] = "2"
rootfs_cleanup_base_apt() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/sources.list.d/"*base-apt.list
EOSUDO
@@ -561,12 +561,12 @@ EOSUDO

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'populate-systemd-preset', 'image_postprocess_populate_systemd_preset', '', d)}"
image_postprocess_populate_systemd_preset() {
- SYSTEMD_INSTALLED=$(sudo chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg-query \
+ SYSTEMD_INSTALLED=$(run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg-query \
--showformat='${db:Status-Status}' \
--show systemd || echo "" )

if (test "$SYSTEMD_INSTALLED" = "installed"); then
- sudo chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemctl preset-all --preset-mode="enable-only"
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemctl preset-all --preset-mode="enable-only"
fi
}

@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ rootfs_generate_initramfs() {
mods_total="$(find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/lib/modules/$kernel_version -type f -name '*.ko*' | wc -l)"
echo "Total number of modules: $mods_total"
echo "Generating initrd for kernel version: $kernel_version"
- sudo -E chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" sh -ec ' \
+ run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" sh -ec ' \
${ROOTFS_INITRAMFS_GENERATOR_CMDLINE}; \
find /boot -name "initrd.img-$kernel_version*" -exec install --mode 0644 {} /isar-work/initrd.img \; \
'
@@ -663,11 +663,11 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {
# tar --one-file-system will cross bind-mounts to the same filesystem,
# so we use some mount magic to prevent that
mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- sudo mount -o bind,private '${WORKDIR}/rootfs' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
+ run_privileged mount -o bind,private '${WORKDIR}/rootfs' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
- sudo tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt -cpSf rootfs.tar $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} rootfs
- sudo umount ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) rootfs.tar
+ run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt -cpSf rootfs.tar $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} rootfs
+ run_privileged umount ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
+ run_privileged chown $(id -u):$(id -g) rootfs.tar
}
do_rootfs_install_sstate_prepare[lockfiles] = "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock"

@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_finalize() {
# - after building the rootfs, the tar won't be there, but we also don't need to unpack
# - after restoring from cache, there will be a tar which we unpack and then delete
if [ -f rootfs.tar ]; then
- sudo tar -C ${WORKDIR} -xpf rootfs.tar ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS}
+ run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR} -xpf rootfs.tar ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS}
rm rootfs.tar
fi
}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
index 1ab72aad..f0757891 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ SCHROOT_LOCKFILE = "/tmp/schroot.lock"
schroot_create_configs() {
mkdir -p "${TMPDIR}/schroot-overlay"
echo "Creating ${SCHROOT_CONF_FILE}"
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

cat << EOF > "${SCHROOT_CONF_FILE}"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ EOSUDO
schroot_delete_configs() {
(flock -x 9
set -e
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
if [ -d "${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}" ]; then
echo "Removing ${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ sbuild_export() {
}

insert_mounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
for mp in ${SCHROOT_MOUNTS}; do
FSTAB_LINE="${mp%%:*} ${mp#*:} none rw,bind,private 0 0"
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ EOSUDO
}

remove_mounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
for mp in ${SCHROOT_MOUNTS}; do
FSTAB_LINE="${mp%%:*} ${mp#*:} none rw,bind,private 0 0"
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ EOSUDO

schroot_configure_ccache() {
mkdir -p "${CCACHE_DIR}"
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

sbuild_fstab="${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}/fstab"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
index 17b56bcf..074f5ef8 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:remove = "${@'rootfs_cleanup_isar_apt' if bb.utils.to
ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND:append:class-sdk = " ${@'rootfs_configure_isar_apt_dir' if bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('SDK_INCLUDE_ISAR_APT')) else ''}"
rootfs_configure_isar_apt_dir() {
# Copy isar-apt instead of mounting:
- sudo cp -Trpfx --reflink=auto ${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO} ${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt
+ run_privileged cp -Trpfx --reflink=auto ${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO} ${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:prepend:class-sdk = "sdkchroot_configscript "
sdkchroot_configscript () {
- sudo chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
+ run_in_chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:append:class-sdk = " sdkchroot_finalize"
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ sdkchroot_finalize() {
rootfs_do_umounts

# Remove setup scripts
- sudo rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh ${ROOTFSDIR}/configscript.sh
+ run_privileged rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh ${ROOTFSDIR}/configscript.sh

# Make all links relative
for link in $(find ${ROOTFSDIR}/ -type l); do
@@ -95,16 +95,16 @@ sdkchroot_finalize() {
new_target=$(realpath --no-symlinks -m --relative-to=$basedir ${ROOTFSDIR}${target})

# remove first to allow rewriting directory links
- sudo rm $link
- sudo ln -s $new_target $link
+ run_privileged rm $link
+ run_privileged ln -s $new_target $link
fi
done

# Set up sysroot wrapper
for tool_pattern in "gcc-[0-9]*" "g++-[0-9]*" "cpp-[0-9]*" "ld.bfd" "ld.gold"; do
for tool in $(find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/bin -type f -name "*-linux-gnu*-${tool_pattern}"); do
- sudo mv "${tool}" "${tool}.bin"
- sudo ln -sf gcc-sysroot-wrapper.sh ${tool}
+ run_privileged mv "${tool}" "${tool}.bin"
+ run_privileged ln -sf gcc-sysroot-wrapper.sh ${tool}
done
done
}
diff --git a/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass b/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass
index a16f6ea0..e3d0e702 100644
--- a/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def sbom_doc_uuid(d):
d.setVar("SBOM_DOCUMENT_UUID", generate_document_uuid(d))

generate_sbom() {
- sudo mkdir -p ${SBOM_CHROOT}/mnt/rootfs ${SBOM_CHROOT}/mnt/deploy-dir
+ run_privileged mkdir -p ${SBOM_CHROOT}/mnt/rootfs ${SBOM_CHROOT}/mnt/deploy-dir

TIMESTAMP=$(date --iso-8601=s -d @${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH})
bwrap \
diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index d5bbae70..f420c3c1 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -204,19 +204,19 @@ do_bootstrap() {
trap '[ -r "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir" ] && tmpdir=$(cat "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir") \
&& rm "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir"; \
[ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp \
- && sudo umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp; \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp; \
[ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/base-apt \
- && sudo umount $tmpdir/base-apt; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && sudo rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir; \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/base-apt; \
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir; \
[ -n "$base_apt_tmp" ] && mountpoint -q $base_apt_tmp \
- && sudo umount $base_apt_tmp \
+ && run_privileged umount $base_apt_tmp \
&& rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp' EXIT

# Create lock file so that it is owned by the user running the build (not root)
mkdir -p ${DEBDIR}
touch ${DEB_DL_LOCK}

- sudo TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
+ run_privileged TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
$arch_param \
--mode=unshare \
${MMHOOKS} \
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {

if [ "${ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO}" != "1" ]; then
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
- sudo rm -rf --one-file-system "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir"
+ run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir"
fi
}
addtask bootstrap before do_build after do_generate_keyrings
diff --git a/testsuite/unittests/test_image_account_extension.py b/testsuite/unittests/test_image_account_extension.py
index 97d221fd..e2ff4a5a 100644
--- a/testsuite/unittests/test_image_account_extension.py
+++ b/testsuite/unittests/test_image_account_extension.py
@@ -54,9 +54,8 @@ class TestImageAccountExtensionImageCreateUsers(
image_create_users(d)

run_mock.assert_called_once_with(
+ run_privileged_cmd(d).split() +
[
- 'sudo',
- '-E',
'chroot',
rootfs.path(),
'/usr/sbin/useradd',
@@ -136,9 +135,8 @@ class TestImageAccountExtensionImageCreateGroups(
image_create_groups(d)

run_mock.assert_called_once_with(
+ run_privileged_cmd(d).split() +
[
- 'sudo',
- '-E',
'chroot',
rootfs.path(),
'/usr/sbin/groupadd',
@@ -164,9 +162,8 @@ class TestImageAccountExtensionImageCreateGroups(
image_create_groups(d)

run_mock.assert_called_once_with(
+ run_privileged_cmd(d).split() +
[
- 'sudo',
- '-E',
'chroot',
rootfs.path(),
'/usr/sbin/groupmod',
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:53 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
We ensure that the sstate artifact is always generated for the correct
rootfs directory by using the ROOTFSDIR variable instead of the
assumption that it is in "rootfs". Further, we avoid file permission
cleanup by using stdout to pass the artifact from the privileged space
to the caller.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 14 ++++++++------
1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index b64a5bde..c9b0a6d1 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -663,11 +663,12 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {
# tar --one-file-system will cross bind-mounts to the same filesystem,
# so we use some mount magic to prevent that
mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- run_privileged mount -o bind,private '${WORKDIR}/rootfs' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
- lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
- run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt -cpSf rootfs.tar $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} rootfs
- run_privileged umount ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- run_privileged chown $(id -u):$(id -g) rootfs.tar
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF' 3> rootfs.tar
+ mount -o bind,private '${ROOTFSDIR}' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
+ lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
+ tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs -cpS $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} . >&3
+ umount -q ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
+EOF
}
do_rootfs_install_sstate_prepare[lockfiles] = "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock"

@@ -676,7 +677,8 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_finalize() {
# - after building the rootfs, the tar won't be there, but we also don't need to unpack
# - after restoring from cache, there will be a tar which we unpack and then delete
if [ -f rootfs.tar ]; then
- run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR} -xpf rootfs.tar ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS}
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFSDIR}
+ run_privileged tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -xp ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} < rootfs.tar
rm rootfs.tar
fi
}
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:55 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Previously the initrd was deployed as root and later chowned in the
deploy dir. This involves privileged operations which will no longer be
possible when running rootless. To prepare for that, we deploy via a
stdout and create the target file by the correct user.

While doing this, we also remove a useless sudo invocation when listing
the ROOTFS/boot dir, as this can be listed by all users.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 10 ++++------
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index c9b0a6d1..3bf4190f 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -620,18 +620,16 @@ python do_generate_initramfs_setscene () {

rootfs_generate_initramfs[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.InitrdProgressHandler"
rootfs_generate_initramfs() {
- if [ -n "$(sudo find '${ROOTFSDIR}/boot' -type f -name 'vmlinu[xz]*')" ]; then
+ if [ -n "$(find '${ROOTFSDIR}/boot' -type f -name 'vmlinu[xz]*')" ]; then
for kernel in ${ROOTFSDIR}/boot/vmlinu[xz]-*; do
export kernel_version=$(basename $kernel | cut -d'-' -f2-)
mods_total="$(find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/lib/modules/$kernel_version -type f -name '*.ko*' | wc -l)"
echo "Total number of modules: $mods_total"
echo "Generating initrd for kernel version: $kernel_version"
- run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" sh -ec ' \
- ${ROOTFS_INITRAMFS_GENERATOR_CMDLINE}; \
- find /boot -name "initrd.img-$kernel_version*" -exec install --mode 0644 {} /isar-work/initrd.img \; \
- '
+ run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" sh -ec '${ROOTFS_INITRAMFS_GENERATOR_CMDLINE}'
+ find ${ROOTFSDIR}/boot -name "initrd.img-$kernel_version*" -exec cat {} \; \
+ > ${DEPLOYDIR}/${INITRD_DEPLOY_FILE}
done
- install --owner $(id -u) --group $(id -g) ${WORKDIR}/initrd.img ${DEPLOYDIR}/${INITRD_DEPLOY_FILE}
else
echo "no kernel in this rootfs, do not generate initrd"
fi
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 6:58:57 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
We previously deployed the image file as root and then chowned the
deployed files to the calling user. Hereby the chown command itself
requires to be run under root, which is not possible on rootless.

As a preparation for rootless, we rework the deploy logic to deploy the
files under the calling user. For that, we deploy to a temporary
directory within workdir that is writeable from inside the chroot and
then copy out under the calling user.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 12 +++++
.../image-tools-extension.bbclass | 11 +++++
meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass | 10 +++-
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass | 47 +++++++++++--------
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass | 10 ++--
meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass | 2 +-
6 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index bc40a403..f80630a0 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -978,3 +978,15 @@ specifies the rootfs path.
Using these helpers instead of direct `sudo` invocations centralizes platform-specific
privileged execution logic in `base.bbclass`. Direct use of `sudo` is discouraged
in downstream layers.
+
+### Changes to image types
+
+The way different image types are handled has changed to be be compatible with
+rootless builds. For that, the deployment of images happens in two steps:
+
+1. generate the image in the `${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}`
+2. the `imager_run` or `${SUDO_CHROOT}` command takes care of deploying the image
+ into the `${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}`
+
+Conversion commands need to follow this strategy as well, but can read the image
+(prior to conversion) from `${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}`.
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
index e88557f6..2eac3619 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
@@ -17,6 +17,17 @@ SCHROOT_MOUNTS = "${WORKDIR}:${PP_WORK} ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}:${PP_ROOTFS} ${DEPLOY_DI
SCHROOT_MOUNTS += "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}:/isar-apt"

imager_run() {
+ IMAGE_STAGE_DIR=$(dirname $IMAGE_STAGE_HOST)
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR
+ imager_run_${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE} "$@"
+
+ # copy locally deployed files with correct permissions to deploy dir
+ find $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR -type f -exec cp {} ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE} \;
+ # on error keep the files for investigation
+ run_privileged rm -rf $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR
+}
+
+imager_run_schroot() {
local_install="${@(d.getVar("INSTALL_%s" % d.getVar("BB_CURRENTTASK")) or '').strip()}"
local_bom="${@(d.getVar("BOM_%s" % d.getVar("BB_CURRENTTASK")) or '').strip()}"

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
index ca449ec5..e0e19adf 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
@@ -180,8 +180,14 @@ IMGCLASSES += "${IMAGE_CLASSES}"
inherit ${IMGCLASSES}

# convenience variables to be used by CMDs
+# Note, that the variables are only valid within the type specific task itself
+# but not in transitively called shell functions
IMAGE_FILE_HOST = "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.${type}"
+# view (only for reading) the image in the deploy dir (useful for conversion commands)
IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT = "${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.${type}"
+# staging location for copy-out (should only be written to from chroot)
+IMAGE_STAGE_HOST = "${WORKDIR}/deploy-image-${type}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.${type}"
+IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT = "${PP_WORK}/deploy-image-${type}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.${type}"
SUDO_CHROOT = "imager_run -d ${PP_ROOTFS} -u root --"

# hook up IMAGE_CMD_*
@@ -262,8 +268,8 @@ python() {
image_cmd = localdata.getVar('IMAGE_CMD:' + bt_clean)
if image_cmd:
localdata.setVar('type', bt)
+ cmds.append(localdata.expand('\tIMAGE_STAGE_HOST="${IMAGE_STAGE_HOST}"'))
cmds.append(localdata.expand(image_cmd))
- cmds.append(localdata.expand('\tsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) ${IMAGE_FILE_HOST}'))
else:
bb.fatal("No IMAGE_CMD for %s" % bt)
vardeps.add('IMAGE_CMD:' + bt_clean)
@@ -292,8 +298,8 @@ python() {
localdata.setVar('type', t)
cmd = '\t' + localdata.getVar('CONVERSION_CMD:' + c)
if cmd not in cmds:
+ cmds.append(localdata.expand('\tIMAGE_STAGE_HOST="${IMAGE_STAGE_HOST}"'))
cmds.append(cmd)
- cmds.append(localdata.expand('\tsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) ${IMAGE_FILE_HOST}.%s' % c))
vardeps.add('CONVERSION_CMD:' + c)
for dep in (localdata.getVar('CONVERSION_DEPS:' + c) or '').split():
conversion_install.add(dep)
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass
index f802c11c..78b89393 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ TAR_TRANSFORM = "--transform='s|rootfs|.|'"
TAR_OPTIONS:append = " ${TAR_TRANSFORM}"
IMAGE_CMD:tar() {
${SUDO_CHROOT} tar ${TAR_OPTIONS} -cvSf \
- ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT} --one-file-system -C ${PP} rootfs
+ ${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT} --one-file-system -C ${PP} rootfs
}

# image type: ext4
@@ -38,10 +38,11 @@ do_image_ext4[prefuncs] = "set_mke2fs_args"
IMAGE_CMD:ext4() {
export E2FSPROGS_FAKE_TIME="${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}"

- truncate -s ${ROOTFS_SIZE}K '${IMAGE_FILE_HOST}'
-
- ${SUDO_CHROOT} /sbin/mke2fs ${MKE2FS_ARGS} \
- -F -d '${PP_ROOTFS}' '${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}'
+ ${SUDO_CHROOT} /bin/bash -s <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ truncate -s ${ROOTFS_SIZE}K '${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}'
+ /sbin/mke2fs ${MKE2FS_ARGS} -F -d '${PP_ROOTFS}' '${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}'
+EOF
}

# image type: cpio
@@ -49,10 +50,12 @@ IMAGER_INSTALL:cpio += "cpio"
CPIO_IMAGE_FORMAT ?= "newc"

IMAGE_CMD:cpio() {
- ${SUDO_CHROOT} \
- sh -c "cd ${PP_ROOTFS}; /usr/bin/find . | \
- /usr/bin/cpio -H ${CPIO_IMAGE_FORMAT} -o > \
- ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}"
+ imager_run -p -d ${PP_WORK} -u root <<'EOIMAGER'
+ set -e
+ cd '${PP_ROOTFS}'; /usr/bin/find . | \
+ /usr/bin/cpio -H ${CPIO_IMAGE_FORMAT} -o > \
+ '${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}'
+EOIMAGER
}

# image type: fit
@@ -72,8 +75,9 @@ IMAGE_CMD:fit() {
die "FIT_IMAGE_SOURCE does not contain fitimage source file"
fi

- ${SUDO_CHROOT} /usr/bin/mkimage ${MKIMAGE_ARGS} \
- -f '${PP_WORK}/${FIT_IMAGE_SOURCE}' '${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}'
+ ${SUDO_CHROOT} /usr/bin/mkimage \
+ ${MKIMAGE_ARGS} -f '${PP_WORK}/${FIT_IMAGE_SOURCE}' \
+ '${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}'
}
IMAGE_CMD:fit[depends] = "${PN}:do_transform_template"

@@ -90,8 +94,9 @@ THIS_ISAR_CROSS_COMPILE := "${ISAR_CROSS_COMPILE}"
ISAR_CROSS_COMPILE:armhf = "${@bb.utils.contains('IMAGE_BASETYPES', 'ubifs', '1', '${THIS_ISAR_CROSS_COMPILE}', d)}"

IMAGE_CMD:ubifs() {
- ${SUDO_CHROOT} /usr/sbin/mkfs.ubifs ${MKUBIFS_ARGS} \
- -r '${PP_ROOTFS}' '${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}'
+ ${SUDO_CHROOT} /usr/sbin/mkfs.ubifs \
+ ${MKUBIFS_ARGS} -r '${PP_ROOTFS}' \
+ '${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}'
}

# image type: ubi
@@ -108,22 +113,26 @@ IMAGE_CMD:ubi() {
die "UBINIZE_CFG does not contain ubinize config file."
fi

- ${SUDO_CHROOT} /usr/sbin/ubinize ${UBINIZE_ARGS} \
- -o '${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}' '${PP_WORK}/${UBINIZE_CFG}'
+ ${SUDO_CHROOT} /usr/sbin/ubinize \
+ ${UBINIZE_ARGS} -o '${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}' \
+ '${PP_WORK}/${UBINIZE_CFG}'
}
IMAGE_CMD:ubi[depends] = "${PN}:do_transform_template"

# image conversions
IMAGE_CONVERSIONS = "gz xz zst zck"

-CONVERSION_CMD:gz = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'gzip -f -9 -n -c --rsyncable ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT} > ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}.gz'"
+# image conversions
+IMAGE_CONVERSIONS = "gz xz zst zck"
+
+CONVERSION_CMD:gz = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'gzip -f -9 -n -c --rsyncable ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT} > ${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}.gz'"
CONVERSION_DEPS:gz = "gzip"

-CONVERSION_CMD:xz = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'xz -c ${XZ_DEFAULTS} ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT} > ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}.xz'"
+CONVERSION_CMD:xz = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'xz -c ${XZ_DEFAULTS} ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT} > ${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}.xz'"
CONVERSION_DEPS:xz = "xz-utils"

-CONVERSION_CMD:zst = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'zstd -c --sparse ${ZSTD_DEFAULTS} ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT} > ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}.zst'"
+CONVERSION_CMD:zst = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'zstd -c --sparse ${ZSTD_DEFAULTS} ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT} > ${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}.zst'"
CONVERSION_DEPS:zst = "zstd"

-CONVERSION_CMD:zck = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'cd $(dirname ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}); zck ${ZCK_DEFAULTS} ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}'"
+CONVERSION_CMD:zck = "${SUDO_CHROOT} sh -c 'cd $(dirname ${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}); zck ${ZCK_DEFAULTS} ${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}'"
CONVERSION_DEPS:zck = "zchunk"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
index 63974a3e..ebf3ce8e 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
@@ -145,6 +145,9 @@ check_for_wic_warnings() {

do_image_wic[file-checksums] += "${WKS_FILE_CHECKSUM}"
IMAGE_CMD:wic() {
+ # variable is type specific, hence capture here and
+ # forward to functions via export
+ export IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT="${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}"
generate_wic_image
check_for_wic_warnings
}
@@ -181,20 +184,19 @@ generate_wic_image() {
-e "${IMAGE_BASENAME}" ${WIC_CREATE_EXTRA_ARGS}

WIC_DIRECT=$(ls -t -1 /tmp/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic/*.direct | head -1)
- mv -f ${WIC_DIRECT} ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic
- mv -f ${WIC_DIRECT}.bmap ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic.bmap
+ mv -f ${WIC_DIRECT} $IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT
+ mv -f ${WIC_DIRECT}.bmap $IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT.bmap
# deploy partition files if requested (ending with .p<x>)
if [ "${WIC_DEPLOY_PARTITIONS}" -eq "1" ]; then
# locate *.direct.p<x> partition files
find "/tmp/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic/" -type f -regextype sed -regex ".*\.direct.*\.p[0-9]\{1,\}" | while read f; do
suffix=$(basename $f | sed 's/.*\.direct\(.*\)/\1/')
- mv -f ${f} ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic${suffix}
+ mv -f ${f} $IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT${suffix}
done
fi
EOIMAGER

run_privileged chown -R $(stat -c "%U" ${LAYERDIR_core}) ${LAYERDIR_core} ${LAYERDIR_isar} ${SCRIPTSDIR} || true
- run_privileged chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic"*
rm -rf ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/../pseudo

cat ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.manifest \
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass
index 9cd7ed3d..8330ffb5 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass
@@ -42,6 +42,6 @@ IMAGE_CMD:squashfs[depends] = "${PN}:do_transform_template"
IMAGE_CMD:squashfs[vardepsexclude] += "SQUASHFS_CREATION_LIMITS"
IMAGE_CMD:squashfs() {
${SUDO_CHROOT} /bin/mksquashfs \
- '${SQUASHFS_CONTENT}' '${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}' \
+ '${SQUASHFS_CONTENT}' '${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}' \
-noappend ${SQUASHFS_CREATION_LIMITS} ${SQUASHFS_CREATION_ARGS}
}
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 6:59:01 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
By introducing a bitbake python function (a code generator) to
generate the mount shell code, we make it reusable within here
documents where external shell functions cannot be called.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 68 ++++++++++++++----------------
1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 3bf4190f..5a7c2a93 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ ROOTFS_PACKAGE_SUFFIX ?= "${PN}-${DISTRO}-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
# path to deploy stubbed versions of initrd update scripts during do_rootfs_install
ROOTFS_STUBS_DIR = "/usr/local/isar-sbin"

+# list of <outer>:<inner> or <outer> mount entries
+ROOTFS_MOUNTS ??= "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}:/isar-apt ${WORKDIR}:/isar-work"
+
+python () {
+ mounts = d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS', False)
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO') and not '/base-apt' in mounts:
+ base_apt = '{}/base-apt:/base-apt'.format(d.getVar('REPO_BASE_DIR'))
+ mounts.append(' {}'.format(base_apt))
+}
+
# helper to compute the rootfs distro also under cross building
def get_rootfs_distro(d):
host_arch = d.getVar('HOST_ARCH')
@@ -58,6 +68,25 @@ def get_rootfs_distro(d):
else:
return d.getVar('HOST_DISTRO')

+def insert_isar_mounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
+ lines = []
+ for m in mounts.split():
+ host, inner = m.split(':') if ':' in m else (m, m)
+ inner_full = os.path.join(rootfs, inner[1:])
+ lines.append('mkdir -p {}'.format(inner_full))
+ lines.append('mount -o bind,private {} {}'.format(host, inner_full))
+ return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+def insert_isar_umounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
+ lines = []
+ for m in mounts.split():
+ host, inner = m.split(':') if ':' in m else (m, m)
+ lines.append('if mountpoint -q {}/{}; then'.format(rootfs, inner))
+ lines.append(' umount {}/{}'.format(rootfs, inner))
+ lines.append(' rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty {}/{}'.format(rootfs, inner))
+ lines.append('fi')
+ return '\n'.join(lines)
+
# Useful environment variables:
export E = "${@ isar_export_proxies(d)}"
export DEBIAN_FRONTEND = "noninteractive"
@@ -154,50 +183,15 @@ rootfs_do_mounts() {
mount -t tmpfs -o size=1m,nosuid,nodev none '${ROOTFSDIR}/sys/firmware'
fi

- # Mount isar-apt if the directory does not exist or if it is empty
- # This prevents overwriting something that was copied there
- if [ ! -e '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt' ] || \
- [ "$(find '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt' -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 | wc -l)" = "0" ]
- then
- mkdir -p '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'
- mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt' || \
- mount -o bind,private '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}' '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'
- fi
-
- if [ ! -e '$ROOTFSDIR'/isar-work ]; then
- mkdir -p '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-work'
- mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-work' || \
- mount -o bind,private '${WORKDIR}' '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-work'
- fi
-
- # Mount base-apt if 'ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO' is set
- if [ "${@repr(bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO')))}" = 'True' ]
- then
- mkdir -p '${ROOTFSDIR}/base-apt'
- mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/base-apt' || \
- mount -o bind,private '${REPO_BASE_DIR}' '${ROOTFSDIR}/base-apt'
- fi
-
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS'))}
EOSUDO
}

rootfs_do_umounts() {
run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
- if mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'; then
- umount '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'
- rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty ${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt
- fi

- if mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/base-apt'; then
- umount '${ROOTFSDIR}/base-apt'
- rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty ${ROOTFSDIR}/base-apt
- fi
-
- if mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-work'; then
- umount '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-work'
- rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty ${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-work
- fi
+ ${@insert_isar_umounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS'))}

if mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev/pts'; then
umount '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev/pts'
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 6:59:02 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
The implementation of the fetching depends on the chroot mode (e.g.
schroot or unshare). As a preparation for the unshare mode, we hide the
concrete fetcher implementation behind a factory, so that we will be
able to dispatch based on the mode.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 12 +++++++++---
2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
index df3dd1fd..5841d6ee 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ python() {

# apt-src fetcher
import aptsrc_fetcher
- methods.append(aptsrc_fetcher.AptSrc())
+ methods.append(aptsrc_fetcher.AptSrc.create(d))

src_uri = (d.getVar('SRC_URI', False) or "").split()
for u in src_uri:
diff --git a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
index dfa784a9..37c84fa7 100644
--- a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
+++ b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ from bb.fetch2 import logger
from bb.fetch2 import runfetchcmd

class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
+ @classmethod
+ def create(cls, d):
+ return AptSrcSchroot()
+
def supports(self, ud, d):
return ud.type in ['apt']

@@ -20,6 +24,11 @@ class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
codename = d.getVar('BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME')
ud.localfile='deb-src/' + base_distro + '-' + codename + '/' + ud.host

+ def clean(self, ud, d):
+ bb.utils.remove(ud.localpath, recurse=True)
+
+
+class AptSrcSchroot(AptSrc):
def download(self, ud, d):
bb.utils.exec_flat_python_func('isar_export_proxies', d)
bb.build.exec_func('schroot_create_configs', d)
@@ -83,6 +92,3 @@ class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
finally:
runfetchcmd(f'schroot -q -f -e -c {session_id}', d)
bb.build.exec_func('schroot_delete_configs', d)
-
- def clean(self, ud, d):
- bb.utils.remove(ud.localpath, recurse=True)
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 6:59:03 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Currently isar requires passwordless sudo and an environment
where mounting file systems is possible. This has proven problematic
for security reasons, both when running in a privileged container or
locally.

To solve this, we implement fully rootless builds that rely on the
unshare syscall which allows us to avoid sudo and instead operate in
temporary kernel namespaces as a user that is just privileged within
that namespace. This comes with some challenges regarding the handling
of mounts (they are cleared when leaving the namespace), as well as
cross namespace deployments (the outer user might not be able to access
the inner data). For that, we rework the handling of mounts and artifact
passing to make it compatible with both chroot modes (schroot and
unshare).

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
Kconfig | 2 +-
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 29 +++++++
doc/user_manual.md | 2 +
meta/classes-global/base.bbclass | 67 ++++++++++++++-
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 9 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 16 +++-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass | 14 +++-
.../image-locales-extension.bbclass | 9 +-
.../image-tools-extension.bbclass | 82 +++++++++++++++++++
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 53 +++++++++---
meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass | 27 +++++-
meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass | 11 ++-
meta/conf/bitbake.conf | 7 +-
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 12 ++-
.../sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc | 24 +++++-
15 files changed, 332 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Kconfig b/Kconfig
index 683c0da5..5ef2bfcb 100644
--- a/Kconfig
+++ b/Kconfig
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ config KAS_INCLUDE_MAIN

config KAS_BUILD_SYSTEM
string
- default "isar"
+ default "isar-rootless"

source "kas/machine/Kconfig"
source "kas/distro/Kconfig"
diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index f80630a0..29bf7590 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -990,3 +990,32 @@ rootless builds. For that, the deployment of images happens in two steps:

Conversion commands need to follow this strategy as well, but can read the image
(prior to conversion) from `${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}`.
+
+### Rootless isar execution
+
+Isar is able to run without the need for `sudo` in an environment that
+allows unprivileged users to unshare the kernels `user namespace`. Further,
+a sufficiently large set of sub ids needs to be configured in `/etc/subuid` / `etc/subgid`.
+This range should be `> 65536`, but smaller ranges might work as well, depending on the
+ids used in the rootfs.
+
+A simple check if rootless is supported can be done by running:
+
+```bash
+mmdebstrap --unshare-helper /bin/echo "rootless supported" || echo "rootless not supported"
+```
+
+On many systems, setting the following settings is sufficent, but no general guidance
+can be provided.
+
+```bash
+echo 0 | sudo tee -a /proc/sys/kernel/apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns
+echo 1 | sudo tee -a /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone
+```
+
+To enable rootless builds, set the bitbake variable `ISAR_ROOTLESS = "1"`.
+This internally switches the chroot mode from `schroot` to `unshare`.
+
+When using kas, the `build_system` needs to be set to `isar-rootless`, but the final
+interfaces still need to be clarified. Further, kas patches are needed (for details,
+check the kas mailing list).
diff --git a/doc/user_manual.md b/doc/user_manual.md
index 7520854b..77a37e9b 100644
--- a/doc/user_manual.md
+++ b/doc/user_manual.md
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ Building `debian-trixie` requires host system >= bookworm.
Install the following packages:
```
apt install \
+ acl \
binfmt-support \
bubblewrap \
bzip2 \
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ apt install \
qemu-user-static \
reprepro \
sudo \
+ uidmap \
unzip \
xz-utils \
git-buildpackage \
diff --git a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
index 16939f64..26d1ee22 100644
--- a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
@@ -388,11 +388,54 @@ do_unpack[prefuncs] += "deprecation_checking"
# Helpers for privileged execution. Only the non-underscore functions
# shall be used outside of this class.

+def get_subid_range(idmap, d):
+ with open(idmap, 'r') as f:
+ entries = f.readlines()
+ for e in entries:
+ user, base, cnt = e.split(':')
+ if user == os.getuid() or user == os.getlogin():
+ return base, cnt
+ bb.error("No sub-id range specified in %s" % idmap)
+
def run_privileged_cmd(d):
- cmd = 'sudo -E'
+ """
+ In unshare mode we need to map the rootfs uid/gid range into the
+ subuid/subgid range of the parent namespace. As we usually only
+ get 65534 ids, we cannot map the whole range, as two ids are already
+ used by the calling environment (root and builder user). Hence, map
+ as much as we can but also map the highest id (nobody / nogroup) as
+ these are used within the rootfs. It would be easier to use
+ mmdebstrap --unshare-helper as command (which is also internally used
+ by sbuild), but this only maps linear ranges, hence it cannot map the
+ nobody / nogroup on the default subid range. By that, we have to avoid
+ the nobody / nogroup when building packages in this case.
+ """
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare':
+ noone_id = 65534
+ uid_base = int(d.getVar('UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE'))
+ uid_cnt = int(d.getVar('UNSHARE_SUBUID_COUNT')) - 2
+ nobody_subid = uid_base + uid_cnt
+ gid_base = int(d.getVar('UNSHARE_SUBGID_BASE'))
+ gid_cnt = int(d.getVar('UNSHARE_SUBGID_COUNT')) - 2
+ nogroup_subid = gid_base + gid_cnt
+ cmd = 'unshare --mount --user --pid' \
+ ' --setuid 0 --setgid 0 --fork' \
+ f' --map-users 0:{uid_base}:{uid_cnt}' \
+ f' --map-groups 0:{gid_base}:{gid_cnt}'
+ if uid_cnt < noone_id:
+ cmd += f' --map-users {noone_id}:{nobody_subid}:1'
+ if gid_cnt < noone_id:
+ cmd += f' --map-groups {noone_id}:{nogroup_subid}:1'
+ else:
+ cmd = 'sudo -E'
bb.debug(1, "privileged cmd: %s" % cmd)
return cmd

+UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE := "${@get_subid_range('/etc/subuid', d)[0]}"
+UNSHARE_SUBUID_COUNT := "${@get_subid_range('/etc/subuid', d)[1]}"
+UNSHARE_SUBGID_BASE := "${@get_subid_range('/etc/subgid', d)[0]}"
+UNSHARE_SUBGID_COUNT := "${@get_subid_range('/etc/subgid', d)[1]}"
+# store in variable to only compute once and make available to fetcher
RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD := "${@run_privileged_cmd(d)}"

run_privileged() {
@@ -404,9 +447,29 @@ run_privileged_here() {
}

# create a directory that is suitable to be the
-# parent of a rootfs
+# parent of a rootfs. In unshare mode, we further need to
+# give the inner user the right to create a directory there.
+# This is needed, as the inner user needs to extract the
+# rootfs tarball and owns the '.' dir.
+create_chroot_parent_dir() {
+ mkdir -p "$@"
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "unshare" ]; then
+ setfacl -m u:${UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE}:rwX "$@"
+ fi
+}
+
+# get the base of the calling users subuid range
+get_base_subuid() {
+ grep $(whoami) /etc/subuid | cut -d ':' -f 2
+}
+
+# create the directory and prepare permissions to untar
+# a rootfs into an inner directory
create_chroot_parent_dir() {
mkdir -p "$@"
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "unshare" ]; then
+ setfacl -m u:$(get_base_subuid):rwX "$@"
+ fi
}

run_in_chroot() {
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index fc0cd915..2020cdd0 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -121,8 +121,13 @@ deb_dl_dir_import() {

# let our unprivileged user place downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives/
run_privileged_here << ' EOSUDO'
- mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
- chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "unshare" ]; then
+ mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives
+ chmod 777 "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives
+ else
+ mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
+ chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
+ fi
EOSUDO

# nothing to copy if download directory does not exist just yet
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
index 5841d6ee..e4e72f80 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
@@ -168,12 +168,24 @@ dpkg_schroot_create_configs() {
EOSUDO
}

+dpkg_chroot_prepare() {
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "schroot" ]; then
+ dpkg_schroot_create_configs
+ fi
+}
+
+dpkg_chroot_finalize() {
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "schroot" ]; then
+ schroot_delete_configs
+ fi
+}
+
python do_dpkg_build() {
- bb.build.exec_func('dpkg_schroot_create_configs', d)
+ bb.build.exec_func('dpkg_chroot_prepare', d)
try:
bb.build.exec_func("dpkg_runbuild", d)
finally:
- bb.build.exec_func('schroot_delete_configs', d)
+ bb.build.exec_func('dpkg_chroot_finalize', d)
}
do_dpkg_build[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
index 8d7ff092..9fda58af 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ dpkg_runbuild() {
distro="${HOST_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
fi

+ create_chroot_parent_dir ${WORKDIR}
deb_dl_dir_import "${WORKDIR}/rootfs" "${distro}"

deb_dir="/var/cache/apt/archives"
@@ -85,7 +86,10 @@ dpkg_runbuild() {
ext_deb_dir="${ext_root}${deb_dir}"

if [ ${USE_CCACHE} -eq 1 ]; then
- schroot_configure_ccache
+ ${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}_configure_ccache
+ fi
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "unshare" ]; then
+ sbuild_add_unshare_mounts
fi

profiles="${@ isar_deb_build_profiles(d)}"
@@ -110,12 +114,13 @@ dpkg_runbuild() {
DSC_FILE=$(find ${WORKDIR} -maxdepth 1 -name "${DEBIAN_SOURCE}_*.dsc" -print)

sbuild -A -n -c ${SBUILD_CHROOT} \
+ --chroot-mode=${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE} \
--host=${PACKAGE_ARCH} --build=${BUILD_ARCH} ${profiles} \
--no-run-lintian --no-run-piuparts --no-run-autopkgtest --resolve-alternatives \
--bd-uninstallable-explainer=apt \
--no-apt-update --apt-distupgrade \
--chroot-setup-commands="echo \"Package: *\nPin: release n=${DEBDISTRONAME}\nPin-Priority: 1000\" > /etc/apt/preferences.d/isar-apt" \
- --chroot-setup-commands="echo \"APT::Get::allow-downgrades 1;\" > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50isar-apt" \
+ --chroot-setup-commands="echo \"APT::Get::allow-downgrades 1;${@'\nAPT::Sandbox::User root;' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}\" > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50isar-apt" \
--chroot-setup-commands="rm -f /var/log/dpkg.log" \
--chroot-setup-commands="mkdir -p ${deb_dir}" \
--chroot-setup-commands="find ${ext_deb_dir} -maxdepth 1 -name '*.deb' -exec ln -t ${deb_dir}/ -sf {} +" \
@@ -125,7 +130,10 @@ dpkg_runbuild() {
--finished-build-commands="cp /var/log/dpkg.log ${ext_root}/dpkg_partial.log" \
--build-path="" --build-dir=${WORKDIR} --dist="${DEBDISTRONAME}" ${DSC_FILE}

- sbuild_dpkg_log_export "${WORKDIR}/rootfs/dpkg_partial.log"
+ # TODO: unclear if needed under unshare
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "schroot" ]; then
+ sbuild_dpkg_log_export "${WORKDIR}/rootfs/dpkg_partial.log"
+ fi
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/rootfs" "${distro}"

# Cleanup apt artifacts
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
index f4eb3718..f0683996 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
@@ -29,8 +29,15 @@ ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT += "image_install_localepurge_download"
image_install_localepurge_download[weight] = "40"
image_install_localepurge_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
image_install_localepurge_download() {
- run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "unshare" ]; then
+ mount -o bind,private '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}' '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'
+ fi
+
+ chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only localepurge
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "image_install_localepurge_install"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
index 2eac3619..addc514a 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ do_image_tools[depends] += " \
SCHROOT_MOUNTS = "${WORKDIR}:${PP_WORK} ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}:${PP_ROOTFS} ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}:${PP_DEPLOY}"
SCHROOT_MOUNTS += "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}:/isar-apt"

+# only used on unshare
+ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS ?= "${WORKDIR}/rootfs-imgtools-${BB_CURRENTTASK}"
+
imager_run() {
IMAGE_STAGE_DIR=$(dirname $IMAGE_STAGE_HOST)
create_chroot_parent_dir $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR
@@ -114,3 +117,82 @@ generate_imager_sbom() {
--timestamp $TIMESTAMP ${SBOM_DEBSBOM_EXTRA_ARGS} \
< ${WORKDIR}/imager.manifest
}
+
+imager_run_unshare() {
+ exec 3<&0
+
+ # ignore everything before '--'. If the remaining list is empty,
+ # assume a here document is passed via stdin
+ while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do
+ case "$1" in
+ --) shift 1; break ;;
+ *) shift 1 ;;
+ esac
+ done
+
+ if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
+ set -- "$@" '/bin/bash' '-s'
+ fi
+
+ local_install="${@(d.getVar("INSTALL_%s" % d.getVar("BB_CURRENTTASK")) or '').strip()}"
+
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $(realpath -m "${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/..")
+
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}
+ tar -xf "${SBUILD_CHROOT}" -C "${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}"
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/isar-apt
+ cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf "${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/etc"
+EOF
+
+ # setting up error handler
+ imager_cleanup() {
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}
+ }
+ trap 'exit 1' INT HUP QUIT TERM ALRM USR1
+ trap 'imager_cleanup' EXIT
+
+ if [ -n "${local_install}" ]; then
+ echo "Installing imager deps: ${local_install}"
+
+ distro="${BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
+ if [ ${ISAR_CROSS_COMPILE} -eq 1 ]; then
+ distro="${HOST_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
+ fi
+
+ E="${@ isar_export_proxies(d)}"
+ deb_dl_dir_import ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} ${distro}
+ ${SCRIPTSDIR}/lockrun.py -r -f "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock" -s <<'EOAPT'
+ local_install=$local_install ${@run_privileged_cmd(d)} /bin/bash -s <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ mount -o bind,private ${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO} ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/isar-apt
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} apt-get update \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceList='sources.list.d/isar-apt.list' \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts='-' \
+ -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup='0'
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends -y \
+ --allow-unauthenticated --allow-downgrades --download-only install \
+ $local_install
+EOF
+EOAPT
+
+ deb_dl_dir_export ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} ${distro}
+ local_install=$local_install run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ mount -o bind,private ${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO} ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/isar-apt
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends -y \
+ --allow-unauthenticated --allow-downgrades install \
+ $local_install
+EOF
+ fi
+
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF' "$@"
+ set -e
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/${SCRIPTSDIR}
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS'), d.getVar('SCHROOT_MOUNTS'))}
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} "$@" <&3
+EOF
+
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}
+}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 5a7c2a93..4d1f542f 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -164,7 +164,12 @@ rootfs_cmd() {
}

rootfs_do_mounts[weight] = "3"
-rootfs_do_mounts() {
+python rootfs_do_mounts() {
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'schroot':
+ bb.build.exec_func('rootfs_do_mounts_priv', d)
+}
+
+rootfs_do_mounts_priv() {
run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev' || \
@@ -187,7 +192,12 @@ rootfs_do_mounts() {
EOSUDO
}

-rootfs_do_umounts() {
+python rootfs_do_umounts() {
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'schroot':
+ bb.build.exec_func('rootfs_do_umounts_priv', d)
+}
+
+rootfs_do_umounts_priv() {
run_privileged_here <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

@@ -234,7 +244,12 @@ ROOTFS_EXTRA_IMPORTED := "${@rootfs_extra_import(d)}"

rootfs_prepare[weight] = "25"
rootfs_prepare(){
- run_privileged tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $(realpath "${ROOTFSDIR}/..")
+ rm -rf ${ROOTFSDIR}
+ run_privileged_here << 'EOF'
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFSDIR}
+ tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"
+EOF

# setup chroot
run_privileged "${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh" "setup" "${ROOTFSDIR}"
@@ -304,10 +319,14 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_update[weight] = "5"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[isar-apt-lock] = "acquire-before"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update() {
- run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
- -o Dir::Etc::SourceList="sources.list.d/isar-apt.list" \
- -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts="-" \
- -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup="0"
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceList="sources.list.d/isar-apt.list" \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts="-" \
+ -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup="0"
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "rootfs_install_resolvconf"
@@ -335,9 +354,12 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_download[isar-apt-lock] = "release-after"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download() {
# download packages using apt in a non-privileged namespace
- rootfs_cmd --bind "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/apt/archives" /var/cache/apt/archives \
- ${ROOTFSDIR} \
- -- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} \
+ /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT ??= ""
@@ -364,8 +386,12 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_install[weight] = "8000"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.PkgsInstallProgressHandler"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install() {
- run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling"
@@ -669,8 +695,11 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_finalize() {
# - after building the rootfs, the tar won't be there, but we also don't need to unpack
# - after restoring from cache, there will be a tar which we unpack and then delete
if [ -f rootfs.tar ]; then
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $(realpath -m "${ROOTFSDIR}/..")
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
mkdir -p ${ROOTFSDIR}
- run_privileged tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -xp ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} < rootfs.tar
+ tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -xp ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} -f rootfs.tar
+EOF
rm rootfs.tar
fi
}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
index f0757891..d2d333ed 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ SCHROOT_MOUNTS ?= ""

inherit crossvars

-SBUILD_CHROOT ?= "${DEBDISTRONAME}-${SCHROOT_USER}-${ISAR_BUILD_UUID}-${@os.getpid()}"
+SBUILD_CHROOT:unshare ?= "${SCHROOT_DIR}.tar.zst"
+SBUILD_CHROOT:schroot ?= "${DEBDISTRONAME}-${SCHROOT_USER}-${ISAR_BUILD_UUID}-${@os.getpid()}"

SBUILD_CONF_DIR ?= "${SCHROOT_CONF}/${SBUILD_CHROOT}"
SCHROOT_CONF_FILE ?= "${SCHROOT_CONF}/chroot.d/${SBUILD_CHROOT}"
@@ -144,6 +145,14 @@ END
EOSUDO
}

+unshare_configure_ccache() {
+ # ccache must be below /build for file permissions to work properly
+ cat <<'EOF' >> ${SBUILD_CONFIG}
+$build_environment = { "CCACHE_DIR" => "/ccache" };
+$path = "/usr/lib/ccache:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games";
+EOF
+}
+
sbuild_dpkg_log_export() {
export dpkg_partial_log="${1}"

@@ -152,3 +161,19 @@ sbuild_dpkg_log_export() {
cat ${dpkg_partial_log} >> ${SCHROOT_DIR}/tmp/dpkg_common.log
) 9>"${SCHROOT_DIR}/tmp/dpkg_common.log.lock"
}
+
+# additional mounts managed by sbuild
+sbuild_add_unshare_mounts() {
+ mkdir -p "${CCACHE_DIR}"
+ # sbuild id from https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1110942
+ setfacl -m u:${UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE}:rwX -m u:${@int(d.getVar('UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE')) + 999}:rwx "${CCACHE_DIR}"
+
+ cat <<'EOF' >> ${SBUILD_CONFIG}
+$unshare_bind_mounts = [
+ { directory => '${WORKDIR}/rootfs', mountpoint => '${PP}/rootfs' },
+ { directory => '${WORKDIR}/isar-apt/${DISTRO}-${DISTRO_ARCH}/apt/${DISTRO}', mountpoint => '/isar-apt' },
+ { directory => '${REPO_BASE_DIR}', mountpoint => '/base-apt' },
+ { directory => "${CCACHE_DIR}", mountpoint => "/ccache" }
+];
+EOF
+}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
index 074f5ef8..64a501d2 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
@@ -74,13 +74,20 @@ rootfs_configure_isar_apt_dir() {

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:prepend:class-sdk = "sdkchroot_configscript "
sdkchroot_configscript () {
- run_in_chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc'
+ chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:append:class-sdk = " sdkchroot_finalize"
sdkchroot_finalize() {

- rootfs_do_umounts
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "schroot" ]; then
+ rootfs_do_umounts_priv
+ fi

# Remove setup scripts
run_privileged rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh ${ROOTFSDIR}/configscript.sh
diff --git a/meta/conf/bitbake.conf b/meta/conf/bitbake.conf
index 0f84e715..1c3a6f4a 100644
--- a/meta/conf/bitbake.conf
+++ b/meta/conf/bitbake.conf
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ KERNEL_FILE:arm64 ?= "vmlinux"

MACHINEOVERRIDES ?= "${MACHINE}"
DISTROOVERRIDES ?= "${DISTRO}"
-OVERRIDES = "${PACKAGE_ARCH}:${MACHINEOVERRIDES}:${DISTROOVERRIDES}:${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}:forcevariable"
+OVERRIDES = "${PACKAGE_ARCH}:${MACHINEOVERRIDES}:${DISTROOVERRIDES}:${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}:${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}:forcevariable"
FILESOVERRIDES = "${PACKAGE_ARCH}:${MACHINE}"

# Setting default QEMU_ARCH variables for different DISTRO_ARCH:
@@ -151,6 +151,10 @@ ISAR_APT_RETRIES ??= "${@'10' if bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('ISAR_USE_APT_SNAP
ISAR_APT_DELAY_MAX ??= "${@'600' if bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('ISAR_USE_APT_SNAPSHOT')) else ''}"
ISAR_APT_SNAPSHOT_TIMESTAMP ??= "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}"

+# Rootless build execution
+ISAR_ROOTLESS ??= "0"
+ISAR_CHROOT_MODE ??= "${@'unshare' if bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('ISAR_ROOTLESS')) else 'schroot'}"
+
# Default parallelism and resource usage for xz
XZ_MEMLIMIT ?= "50%"
XZ_THREADS ?= "${@oe.utils.cpu_count(at_least=2)}"
@@ -206,6 +210,7 @@ CCACHE_DEBUG ?= "0"
# Variables for tasks marking
# Long term TODO: get rid of sudo marked tasks
TASK_USE_NETWORK = "1"
+# nested namespacing requires this as well
TASK_USE_SUDO = "1"
TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO = "1"

diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index 8ca295b7..c90bc59c 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ do_bootstrap() {
umount \$1/$base_apt_tmp && rm ${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir && \
umount $base_apt_tmp && rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp"
else
+ # prepare dl_dir for access from both sides (local and rootfs)
+ create_chroot_parent_dir ${WORKDIR}/dl_dir
deb_dl_dir_import "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"

bootstrap_list="${WORKDIR}/sources.list.d/bootstrap.list"
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {
-o Dir::State="$1/var/lib/apt" \
-o Dir::Etc="$1/etc/apt" \
-o Dir::Cache="$1/var/cache/apt" \
+ ${@'-o APT::Sandbox::User=root' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''} \
-o Apt::Architecture="${BOOTSTRAP_DISTRO_ARCH}" \
${@get_apt_opts(d, '-o')}'
extra_essential="$extra_essential && $syncout"
@@ -214,13 +217,14 @@ do_bootstrap() {

# Cleanup mounts if fails
trap 'exit 1' INT HUP QUIT TERM ALRM USR1
- trap 'bootstrap_cleanup' EXIT
+ trap ${@'true' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else 'bootstrap_cleanup'} EXIT

# Create lock file so that it is owned by the user running the build (not root)
mkdir -p ${DEBDIR}
touch ${DEB_DL_LOCK}

- run_privileged TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
+ ${@'' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else 'run_privileged'} \
+ TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
$arch_param \
--mode=unshare \
${MMHOOKS} \
@@ -239,6 +243,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {
--customize-hook='sed -i "/en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/s/^#//g" "$1/etc/locale.gen"' \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" /usr/sbin/locale-gen' \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" /usr/bin/apt-get -y clean' \
+ ${@'--skip=output/dev' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''} \
--skip=cleanup/apt \
--skip=download/empty \
${@get_apt_opts(d, '--aptopt')} \
@@ -252,7 +257,8 @@ do_bootstrap() {

if [ "${ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO}" != "1" ]; then
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
- run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir"
+ run_privileged find ${WORKDIR}/dl_dir -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -exec rm -rf --one-file-system "{}" \;
+ rmdir ${WORKDIR}/dl_dir
fi
}
addtask bootstrap before do_build after do_generate_keyrings
diff --git a/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc b/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc
index 61d37760..7a778d8c 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc
@@ -66,8 +66,28 @@ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:remove = "rootfs_cleanup_base_apt"

DEPLOY_SCHROOT = "${@d.getVar('SCHROOT_' + d.getVar('SBUILD_VARIANT').upper() + '_DIR')}${SBUILD_SCHROOT_SUFFIX}"

-do_sbuildchroot_deploy[dirs] = "${DEPLOY_DIR}/schroot-${SBUILD_VARIANT}"
-do_sbuildchroot_deploy() {
+sbuildchroot_deploy_tree() {
ln -Tfsr "${ROOTFSDIR}" "${DEPLOY_SCHROOT}"
}
+sbuildchroot_deploy_tar() {
+ lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives --exclude=isar-apt"
+ # we cannot use pzstd, as this results in a different magic
+ # (zstd skippable frame) which is not detected by sbuild
+ # https://salsa.debian.org/debian/sbuild/-/blob/d975d388a98627a0d7d112791e441c27a6d529df/lib/Sbuild/ChrootUnshare.pm#L608
+ ZSTD="zstd -${SSTATE_ZSTD_CLEVEL} -T${ZSTD_THREADS}"
+ run_privileged \
+ tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -cpS $lopts ${ROOTFS_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} . \
+ | $ZSTD > ${DEPLOY_SCHROOT}.tar.zst
+ # cleanup extracted rootfs
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${ROOTFSDIR}
+}
+
+do_sbuildchroot_deploy[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
+do_sbuildchroot_deploy[dirs] += "${DEPLOY_DIR}/schroot-${SBUILD_VARIANT}"
+python do_sbuildchroot_deploy() {
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare':
+ bb.build.exec_func('sbuildchroot_deploy_tar', d)
+ else:
+ bb.build.exec_func('sbuildchroot_deploy_tree', d)
+}
addtask sbuildchroot_deploy before do_build after do_rootfs
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 6:59:03 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 78 insertions(+)

diff --git a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
index 37c84fa7..5cacbec2 100644
--- a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
+++ b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
@@ -7,10 +7,13 @@ from bb.fetch2 import FetchError
from bb.fetch2 import FetchMethod
from bb.fetch2 import logger
from bb.fetch2 import runfetchcmd
+import os

class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
@classmethod
def create(cls, d):
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare':
+ return AptSrcUnshare()
return AptSrcSchroot()

def supports(self, ud, d):
@@ -92,3 +95,78 @@ class AptSrcSchroot(AptSrc):
finally:
runfetchcmd(f'schroot -q -f -e -c {session_id}', d)
bb.build.exec_func('schroot_delete_configs', d)
+
+
+class AptSrcUnshare(AptSrc):
+ def _setup_chroot(self, rootfsdir, d):
+ sbuild_chroot = d.getVar('SBUILD_CHROOT')
+ workdir = d.getVar('WORKDIR')
+ uid_base = d.getVar('UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE')
+ unshare_cmd = d.getVar('RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD')
+
+ runfetchcmd(
+ f'''
+setfacl -m u:{uid_base}:rwX {workdir}
+{unshare_cmd} /bin/bash -s <<EOF
+ mkdir -p {rootfsdir}
+ tar -xf {sbuild_chroot} -C {rootfsdir}
+ cp /etc/resolv.conf {os.path.join(rootfsdir, 'etc/resolv.conf')}
+EOF
+ ''', d)
+ logger.info(f'rootfs extracted to: {rootfsdir}')
+
+ def _teardown_chroot(self, rootfsdir, d):
+ unshare_cmd = d.getVar('RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD')
+ runfetchcmd(f'{unshare_cmd} rm -rf {rootfsdir}', d)
+
+ def download(self, ud, d):
+ bb.utils.exec_flat_python_func('isar_export_proxies', d)
+
+ workdir = d.getVar('WORKDIR')
+ rootfsdir = os.path.join(workdir, 'rootfs-fetcher')
+ unshare_cmd = d.getVar('RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD')
+
+ if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(rootfsdir, 'etc')):
+ self._setup_chroot(rootfsdir, d)
+
+ repo_isar_dir = d.getVar('REPO_ISAR_DIR')
+ lockfile = bb.utils.lockfile(f'{repo_isar_dir}/isar.lock')
+ os.makedirs(self.localpath(ud, d))
+
+ try:
+ runfetchcmd(f'''
+set -e
+{unshare_cmd} /bin/bash -s <<'EOF' | tar -C {self.localpath(ud, d)} -x
+ chroot {rootfsdir} /bin/bash -c '
+ set -e
+ TMPDIR=$(mktemp -d)
+ mkdir -p $TMPDIR/{ud.localfile}
+ cd $TMPDIR/{ud.localfile}
+ apt-get -y -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only --only-source source {ud.src_package} >/dev/null;
+ tar -c --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner .
+ '
+EOF
+ ''', d)
+ except (OSError, FetchError):
+ raise
+ finally:
+ bb.utils.unlockfile(lockfile)
+ self._teardown_chroot(rootfsdir, d)
+
+ def unpack(self, ud, rootdir, d):
+ workdir = d.getVar('WORKDIR')
+ rootfsdir = os.path.join(workdir, 'rootfs-fetcher')
+ extractto = f'{d.getVar("S")}.dpkg'
+ bb.utils.remove(extractto, recurse=True)
+
+ try:
+ runfetchcmd(f'''
+ set -e
+ find {self.localpath(ud, d)} -print -type f -name '*.dsc' -exec dpkg-source -su -x {{}} {extractto} \\;
+ find {extractto} -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -exec mv {{}} {d.getVar('S')}/ \\;
+ ''', d)
+ except (OSError, FetchError):
+ raise
+ finally:
+ bb.utils.remove(extractto, recurse=True)
+ self._teardown_chroot(rootfsdir, d)
--
2.51.0

Jan Kiszka

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 9:02:01 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
On 18.02.26 12:58, 'Felix Moessbauer' via isar-users wrote:
> The archive is world readable, so we can access it without root
> privileges. By that, the files in the download dir are also owned by the
> calling user, making the additional chown obsolete.
>
> Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
> ---
> meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 5 ++---
> 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
> index 7ebc3526..76c2435f 100644
> --- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
> +++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
> @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
> isar_debs="$(${SCRIPTSDIR}/lockrun.py -r -f '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock' -c \
> "find '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}' -name '*.deb' -print")"
>
> - flock "${pc}".lock sudo -Es << 'EOSUDO'
> + flock "${pc}".lock /bin/bash -s << 'EOF'

Do we need bash here or would /bin/sh suffice?

Jan

> set -e
> printenv | grep -q BB_VERBOSE_LOGS && set -x
>
> @@ -170,6 +170,5 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
> ln -Pf "${p}" "${pc}" 2>/dev/null ||
> cp -n "${p}" "${pc}"
> done
> - chown -R ${owner} "${pc}"
> -EOSUDO
> +EOF
> }

--
Siemens AG, Foundational Technologies
Linux Expert Center

Jan Kiszka

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 9:11:27 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
On 18.02.26 12:58, 'Felix Moessbauer' via isar-users wrote:
From their names, these two commands sound to me like they differ in
where they are running the commands, not how. But from the description
it is the latter. "run_privileged_from_stdin"?

> +
> +**run_in_chroot**: Run a command within a chroot environment. The first argument
> +specifies the rootfs path.
> +
> +Using these helpers instead of direct `sudo` invocations centralizes platform-specific
> +privileged execution logic in `base.bbclass`. Direct use of `sudo` is discouraged
> +in downstream layers.

Are there sudos left in Isar after this conversion? If not, should we
start to catch sudo as invalid afterwards?

Jan

Jan Kiszka

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 11:09:47 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
On 18.02.26 12:58, 'Felix Moessbauer' via isar-users wrote:
This might be an Ubuntu patch, right? Should be clarified.

> +echo 1 | sudo tee -a /proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone

This is Debian-only (see e.g.
https://salsa.debian.org/kernel-team/linux/-/blob/debian/latest/debian/patches/debian/add-sysctl-to-disallow-unprivileged-CLONE_NEWUSER-by-default.patch?ref_type=heads).
But it's on by default now.

Jan Kiszka

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Feb 18, 2026, 11:50:42 AM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
On 18.02.26 12:58, 'Felix Moessbauer' via isar-users wrote:
You didn't patch kas/isar.yaml as well - might be a trap for people not
using the menu.

Jan Kiszka

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 1:20:54 PM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
On 18.02.26 12:58, 'Felix Moessbauer' via isar-users wrote:
Hmm, just testing xenomai-images with this and minimal changes for
itself (buildsystem update). It seems to build the kernel - put only on
a single core. This part looks still fine:

# $PARALLEL_MAKE
# set? /work/build/../isar/meta/conf/bitbake.conf:135
# "-j ${@bb.utils.cpu_count()}"
PARALLEL_MAKE="-j 16"

But the "-j 16" does not end up in the actually make call of the kernel
build. How could we possibly lose this?


I wanted to test if rootfull mode with your patches applied may answer
this, but:

...
ERROR: Unable to parse Var <UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE[:=]>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "Var <UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE[:=]>", line 1, in <module>
File "/work/build/../isar/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass", line 396, in get_subid_range(idmap='/etc/subuid', d=<bb.data_smart.DataSmart object at 0x7f73357b7110>):
user, base, cnt = e.split(':')
> if user == os.getuid() or user == os.getlogin():
return base, cnt
bb.data_smart.ExpansionError: Failure expanding variable UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE[:=], expression was ${@get_subid_range('/etc/subuid', d)[0]} which triggered exception OSError: [Errno -25] Unknown error -25
The variable dependency chain for the failure is: UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE[:=]

2026-02-18 19:18:28 - ERROR - Command "/work/isar/bitbake/bin/bitbake -c build linux-xenomai-3" failed with error 1

I bet you can reproduce with plane Isar and a linux-mailine build as
well.

Jan Kiszka

unread,
Feb 18, 2026, 1:32:08 PM (7 days ago) Feb 18
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
FWIW, I'm no longer seeing that PARALLEL_MAKE is even defined inside
sbuild (this is normally logged). Maybe the different sbuild mode needs
a different way of passing env vars in?

Jan

MOESSBAUER, Felix

unread,
Feb 19, 2026, 8:02:17 AM (6 days ago) Feb 19
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, Kiszka, Jan, Gylstorff, Quirin
On Wed, 2026-02-18 at 15:01 +0100, Jan Kiszka wrote:
> On 18.02.26 12:58, 'Felix Moessbauer' via isar-users wrote:
> > The archive is world readable, so we can access it without root
> > privileges. By that, the files in the download dir are also owned by the
> > calling user, making the additional chown obsolete.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
> > ---
> > meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 5 ++---
> > 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
> > index 7ebc3526..76c2435f 100644
> > --- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
> > +++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
> > @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
> > isar_debs="$(${SCRIPTSDIR}/lockrun.py -r -f '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock' -c \
> > "find '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}' -name '*.deb' -print")"
> >
> > - flock "${pc}".lock sudo -Es << 'EOSUDO'
> > + flock "${pc}".lock /bin/bash -s << 'EOF'
>
> Do we need bash here or would /bin/sh suffice?

The executed here document is not POSIX shell compatible. It could
probably be written in a sh compatible style, but that's out of scope
of this series.

Felix

>
> Jan
>
> > set -e
> > printenv | grep -q BB_VERBOSE_LOGS && set -x
> >
> > @@ -170,6 +170,5 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
> > ln -Pf "${p}" "${pc}" 2>/dev/null ||
> > cp -n "${p}" "${pc}"
> > done
> > - chown -R ${owner} "${pc}"
> > -EOSUDO
> > +EOF
> > }
>
> --
> Siemens AG, Foundational Technologies
> Linux Expert Center

--
Siemens AG
Linux Expert Center
Friedrich-Ludwig-Bauer-Str. 3
85748 Garching, Germany

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:15 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
As the mmdebstrap itself is executed as root, the generated rootfs will
also be owned by root when stored as file. To avoid this, we let
mmdebstrap emit the rootfs on stdout and write it to a file outside of
the sudo call.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 13 ++++++-------
1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index 73fe9434..d5bbae70 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -240,11 +240,11 @@ do_bootstrap() {
${@get_apt_opts(d, '--aptopt')} \
${@get_distro_components_argument(d)} \
"${@get_distro_suite(d)}" \
- "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" \
- "$bootstrap_list"
+ - \
+ "$bootstrap_list" > ${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst

# Finalize bootstrap by setting the link in deploy
- sudo ln -Tfsr "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" "${DEPLOY_ISAR_BOOTSTRAP}.tar.zst"
+ ln -Tfsr "${WORKDIR}/rootfs.tar.zst" "${DEPLOY_ISAR_BOOTSTRAP}.tar.zst"

if [ "${ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO}" != "1" ]; then
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:15 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Changes since RFC 1:

- switch build_type to isar-rootless in isar.yaml (Note: switch back
if testing locally in a unprepared kas container)
- complete overhaul of the mounting in unshared namespaces
- fixes the systemd presetting
- fixes hangs when pulling from snapshot mirrors
- rename the run_privileged_here to run_privileged_heredoc to clarify its intention
- add support for
- dpkg-source with do_fetch_common_source
- vm images
- container images
- discoverable disk images
- add helper script to clean build dir in unprivileged mode
- reduce clutter we leave after finishing a build
- fix issues when running in a privileged environment without sub user ids
- bugfixes

Still missing is the support for the devshell. Further, the rootless build dir
must not reside in a git worktree (a normal git dir is fine). This is probably a
bug in combination with kas-container.

[1] https://groups.google.com/g/kas-devel/c/NWQFCU2aUHg

Best regards,
Felix Moessbauer
Siemens AG

Felix Moessbauer (19):
refactor bootstrap: store rootfs tar with user permissions
deb-dl-dir: export without root privileges
download debs without locking
introduce wrappers for privileged execution
bootstrap: move cleanup trap to function
rootfs: rework sstate caching of rootfs artifact
rootfs_generate_initramfs: rework deployment to avoid chowning
wic: rework image deploy logic to deploy under correct user
use bitbake function to generate mounting scripts
apt-fetcher: prepare for chroot specific fetching
add support for fully rootless builds
add helper script to clean artifacts in build dir
apt-fetcher: implement support for unshare backend
vm images: make compatible with rootless build
ddi image: convert to two stage deploy
container images: make compatible with rootless build
dpkg-source: implement multiarch support for unshare backend
rootfs: remove temporary sstate deploy directory after task execution
use copy of sbom-chroot for sbom creation

Kconfig | 2 +-
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 58 +++++
doc/user_manual.md | 2 +
kas/isar.yaml | 2 +-
meta/classes-global/base.bbclass | 132 +++++++++++
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 20 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 20 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass | 42 +++-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass | 16 +-
.../image-account-extension.bbclass | 4 +-
.../image-locales-extension.bbclass | 13 +-
.../image-postproc-extension.bbclass | 30 +--
.../image-tools-extension.bbclass | 96 +++++++-
meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass | 24 +-
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass | 47 ++--
.../imagetypes_container.bbclass | 37 ++--
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_ddi.bbclass | 8 +-
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_vm.bbclass | 29 ++-
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass | 12 +-
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 205 +++++++++---------
meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass | 36 ++-
meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass | 22 +-
meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes/sbom.bbclass | 29 ++-
meta/conf/bitbake.conf | 7 +-
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 90 +++++++-
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 47 ++--
.../sbom-chroot/sbom-chroot.bb | 11 +-
.../sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc | 24 +-
scripts/isar-clean-builddir | 73 +++++++
.../unittests/test_image_account_extension.py | 9 +-
31 files changed, 886 insertions(+), 263 deletions(-)
create mode 100755 scripts/isar-clean-builddir

--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

unread,
Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:16 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
As we are only downloading and we are the only one acting on the rootfs,
it is safe to not lock the apt cache. By that, we can avoid complex file
ownerships in the tree.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass | 3 ++-
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 10 +---------
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 2 +-
6 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index 76c2435f..6675d48d 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ debsrc_download() {
--chdir "/deb-src/${rootfs_distro}/${src}" \
-- \
apt-get -o APT::Architecture=${DISTRO_ARCH} \
+ -oDebug::NoLocking=1 \
-o Dir="${rootfs}" -y --download-only \
--only-source source "${src}=${version}" \
|| echo "${src} ${version}" >> ${missing}
@@ -121,7 +122,6 @@ deb_dl_dir_import() {
# let our unprivileged user place downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives/
sudo -Es << ' EOSUDO'
mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
- touch "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
EOSUDO

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
index 1227da36..d0809477 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ do_fetch_common_source() {
schroot -r -c ${session_id} -d / -- \
sh -c '
cd /work
- apt-get -y --download-only --only-source -o Acquire::Source-Symlinks="false" source ${DEBIAN_SOURCE}'
+ apt-get -y --download-only --only-source -o Debug::NoLocking=1 -o Acquire::Source-Symlinks="false" source ${DEBIAN_SOURCE}'

schroot -e -c ${session_id}
remove_mounts
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
index b6b07dba..9bff36ff 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ image_install_localepurge_download[weight] = "40"
image_install_localepurge_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
image_install_localepurge_download() {
sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} --download-only localepurge
+ /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only localepurge
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "image_install_localepurge_install"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
index b0f25a69..e88557f6 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
@@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ imager_run() {
apt-get update \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceList='sources.list.d/isar-apt.list' \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceParts='-' \
- -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup='0'
+ -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup='0' \
+ -o Debug::NoLocking=1
apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends -y \
--allow-unauthenticated --allow-downgrades --download-only install \
${local_install}"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 8485b32f..629dc666 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -340,18 +340,10 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_download[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.PkgsDownloadPro
rootfs_install_pkgs_download[isar-apt-lock] = "release-after"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download() {
- mkdir -p "${WORKDIR}/dpkg"
-
- # Use our own dpkg lock files rather than those in the rootfs since we are not root
- # (this is safe as there are no concurrent apt/dpkg operations for that rootfs)
- touch "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock" "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock-frontend"
-
# download packages using apt in a non-privileged namespace
rootfs_cmd --bind "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/apt/archives" /var/cache/apt/archives \
- --bind "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock" /var/lib/dpkg/lock \
- --bind "${WORKDIR}/dpkg/lock-frontend" /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend \
${ROOTFSDIR} \
- -- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+ -- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT ??= ""
diff --git a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
index 041f5445..dfa784a9 100644
--- a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
+++ b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
set -e
mkdir -p /downloads/{ud.localfile}
cd /downloads/{ud.localfile}
- apt-get -y --download-only --only-source source {ud.src_package}
+ apt-get -y -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only --only-source source {ud.src_package}

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:16 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
The archive is world readable, so we can access it without root
privileges. By that, the files in the download dir are also owned by the
calling user, making the additional chown obsolete.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 5 ++---
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index 7ebc3526..76c2435f 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
isar_debs="$(${SCRIPTSDIR}/lockrun.py -r -f '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock' -c \
"find '${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}' -name '*.deb' -print")"

- flock "${pc}".lock sudo -Es << 'EOSUDO'
+ flock "${pc}".lock /bin/bash -s << 'EOF'
set -e
printenv | grep -q BB_VERBOSE_LOGS && set -x

@@ -170,6 +170,5 @@ deb_dl_dir_export() {
ln -Pf "${p}" "${pc}" 2>/dev/null ||
cp -n "${p}" "${pc}"
done
- chown -R ${owner} "${pc}"
-EOSUDO
+EOF
}
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:19 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
By that, we can make the trap more easily conditional.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 24 +++++++++++--------
1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index f420c3c1..8ca295b7 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -105,6 +105,19 @@ def get_apt_auth_opts(d):
f"--setup-hook='upload \"{workdir}/apt-auth\" /etc/apt/auth.conf.d/isar.conf'"
return ''

+bootstrap_cleanup() {
+ [ -r "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir" ] && tmpdir=$(cat "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir") \
+ && rm "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir"
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/base-apt \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/base-apt
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir
+ [ -n "$base_apt_tmp" ] && mountpoint -q $base_apt_tmp \
+ && run_privileged umount $base_apt_tmp \
+ && rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp
+}
+
do_bootstrap[vardeps] += " \
DISTRO_APT_PREMIRRORS \
ISAR_ENABLE_COMPAT_ARCH \
@@ -201,16 +214,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {

# Cleanup mounts if fails
trap 'exit 1' INT HUP QUIT TERM ALRM USR1
- trap '[ -r "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir" ] && tmpdir=$(cat "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir") \
- && rm "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir"; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp \
- && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/base-apt \
- && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/base-apt; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir; \
- [ -n "$base_apt_tmp" ] && mountpoint -q $base_apt_tmp \
- && run_privileged umount $base_apt_tmp \
- && rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp' EXIT
+ trap 'bootstrap_cleanup' EXIT

# Create lock file so that it is owned by the user running the build (not root)
mkdir -p ${DEBDIR}
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:20 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
We ensure that the sstate artifact is always generated for the correct
rootfs directory by using the ROOTFSDIR variable instead of the
assumption that it is in "rootfs". Further, we avoid file permission
cleanup by using stdout to pass the artifact from the privileged space
to the caller.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 14 ++++++++------
1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 2b8139fa..33fc3cf6 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -663,11 +663,12 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {
# tar --one-file-system will cross bind-mounts to the same filesystem,
# so we use some mount magic to prevent that
mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- run_privileged mount -o bind,private '${WORKDIR}/rootfs' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
- lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
- run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt -cpSf rootfs.tar $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} rootfs
- run_privileged umount ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- run_privileged chown $(id -u):$(id -g) rootfs.tar
+ run_privileged_here <<'EOF' 3> rootfs.tar
+ mount -o bind,private '${ROOTFSDIR}' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
+ lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
+ tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs -cpS $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} . >&3
+ umount -q ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
+EOF
}
do_rootfs_install_sstate_prepare[lockfiles] = "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock"

@@ -676,7 +677,8 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_finalize() {
# - after building the rootfs, the tar won't be there, but we also don't need to unpack
# - after restoring from cache, there will be a tar which we unpack and then delete
if [ -f rootfs.tar ]; then
- run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR} -xpf rootfs.tar ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS}
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFSDIR}

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:20 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
As a preparation to enable rootless builds, we introduce wrappers for
common cases of privileged command execution. The wrappers are defined
in the base class where later on the executor dispatching will be
implemented as well.

The wrappers are introduced throughout the whole codebase and downstream
layers are also encouraged to use them to increase compatibility with
upcoming API changes.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 16 ++++
meta/classes-global/base.bbclass | 30 +++++++
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 4 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass | 2 +-
.../image-account-extension.bbclass | 4 +-
.../image-locales-extension.bbclass | 4 +-
.../image-postproc-extension.bbclass | 30 +++----
meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass | 14 +--
.../imagetypes_container.bbclass | 26 +++---
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass | 4 +-
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 88 +++++++++----------
meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass | 10 +--
meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass | 14 +--
meta/classes/sbom.bbclass | 2 +-
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 12 +--
.../unittests/test_image_account_extension.py | 9 +-
17 files changed, 157 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)

diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index 0bad8a44..ad03ed68 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -962,3 +962,19 @@ INSTALLER_UNATTENDED_ABORT_ENABLE = "1"
# Optional: set countdown timeout in seconds (default 5)
INSTALLER_UNATTENDED_ABORT_TIMEOUT = "5"
```
+
+### Execution of privileged commands
+
+When operations require higher privileges than those available to the build user,
+the following helper functions shall be used:
+
+**run_privileged**: Run a command as root while preserving the environment.
+
+**run_privileged_heredoc**: Execute commands provided via stdin in a root shell.
+
+**run_in_chroot**: Run a command within a chroot environment. The first argument
+specifies the rootfs path.
+
+Using these helpers instead of direct `sudo` invocations centralizes platform-specific
+privileged execution logic in `base.bbclass`. Direct use of `sudo` is discouraged
+in downstream layers.
diff --git a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
index 6c788adb..ad3b616e 100644
--- a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
@@ -384,3 +384,33 @@ python deprecation_checking() {

deprecation_checking[vardepsexclude] += "MACHINE"
do_unpack[prefuncs] += "deprecation_checking"
+
+# Helpers for privileged execution. Only the non-underscore functions
+# shall be used outside of this class.
+
+def run_privileged_cmd(d):
+ cmd = 'sudo -E'
+ bb.debug(1, "privileged cmd: %s" % cmd)
+ return cmd
+
+RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD := "${@run_privileged_cmd(d)}"
+
+run_privileged() {
+ ${RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD} "$@"
+}
+
+run_privileged_heredoc() {
+ ${RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD} /bin/bash -s "$@"
+}
+
+# create a directory that is suitable to be the
+# parent of a rootfs
+create_chroot_parent_dir() {
+ mkdir -p "$@"
+}
+
+run_in_chroot() {
+ rootfs="$1"
+ shift
+ ${RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD} chroot "$rootfs" "$@"
+}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index 6675d48d..05a16585 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ dbg_pkgs_download() {
| grep "${DISTRO_ARCH}" \
| awk '!/Binary:/ {print $1}' \
| sort -u
- done | xargs -r sudo -E chroot ${rootfs} sh -c '/usr/bin/apt-get -y --download-only install "$@"' --
+ done | xargs -r run_in_chroot ${rootfs} sh -c '/usr/bin/apt-get -y --download-only install "$@"' --
}

deb_dl_dir_import() {
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ deb_dl_dir_import() {
export gid=$(id -g)

# let our unprivileged user place downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives/
- sudo -Es << ' EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc << ' EOSUDO'
mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
EOSUDO
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
index d8287e8d..03317ef2 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ def isar_export_build_settings(d):

dpkg_schroot_create_configs() {
schroot_create_configs
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
sbuild_fstab="${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}/fstab"
fstab_isarapt="${WORKDIR}/isar-apt/${DISTRO}-${DISTRO_ARCH}/apt/${DISTRO} /isar-apt none rw,bind 0 0"
grep -qxF "${fstab_isarapt}" ${sbuild_fstab} || echo "${fstab_isarapt}" >> ${sbuild_fstab}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
index 8bb5adeb..8d7ff092 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
@@ -129,5 +129,5 @@ dpkg_runbuild() {
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/rootfs" "${distro}"

# Cleanup apt artifacts
- sudo rm -rf ${WORKDIR}/rootfs
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${WORKDIR}/rootfs
}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass
index a8a3c7ff..bd721130 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-account-extension.bbclass
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def image_create_groups(d: "DataSmart") -> None:
"""
entries = (d.getVar("GROUPS") or "").split()
rootfsdir = d.getVar("ROOTFSDIR")
- chroot = ["sudo", "-E", "chroot", rootfsdir]
+ chroot = run_privileged_cmd(d).split() + ["chroot", rootfsdir]

for entry in entries:
args = []
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def image_create_users(d: "DataSmart") -> None:

entries = (d.getVar("USERS") or "").split()
rootfsdir = d.getVar("ROOTFSDIR")
- chroot = ["sudo", "-E", "chroot", rootfsdir]
+ chroot = run_privileged_cmd(d).split() + ["chroot", rootfsdir]

for entry in entries:
args = []
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
index 9bff36ff..c1e8c175 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT += "image_install_localepurge_download"
image_install_localepurge_download[weight] = "40"
image_install_localepurge_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
image_install_localepurge_download() {
- sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only localepurge
}

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ ${@get_nopurge(d)}
__EOF__

# Install configuration into image:
- sudo -E -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
index afe6906e..4a250964 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ get_build_id() {
ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "image_configure_fstab"
image_configure_fstab[weight] = "2"
image_configure_fstab() {
- sudo tee '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/fstab' << EOF
+ run_privileged tee '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/etc/fstab' << EOF
# Begin /etc/fstab
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ do_copy_boot_files() {
kernel="$(realpath -q '${IMAGE_ROOTFS}'/boot/vmlinu[xz])"
fi
if [ -f "$kernel" ]; then
- sudo cat "$kernel" > "${DEPLOYDIR}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}"
+ run_privileged cat "$kernel" > "${DEPLOYDIR}/${KERNEL_IMAGE}"
fi

for file in ${DTB_FILES}; do
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ def apt_list_files(d):
IMAGE_LISTS = "${@ ' '.join(apt_list_files(d)) }"

do_rootfs_finalize() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged chown --recursive $(id -u):$(id -g) "${oci_img_dir}"
}

convert_container() {
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
index 6b82add3..63974a3e 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ generate_wic_image() {
fi
EOIMAGER

- sudo chown -R $(stat -c "%U" ${LAYERDIR_core}) ${LAYERDIR_core} ${LAYERDIR_isar} ${SCRIPTSDIR} || true
- sudo chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic"*
+ run_privileged chown -R $(stat -c "%U" ${LAYERDIR_core}) ${LAYERDIR_core} ${LAYERDIR_isar} ${SCRIPTSDIR} || true
+ run_privileged chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic"*
rm -rf ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/../pseudo

cat ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.manifest \
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 629dc666..2b8139fa 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ rootfs_cmd() {

rootfs_do_mounts[weight] = "3"
rootfs_do_mounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev' || \
( mount -o bind,private /dev '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev' &&
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ EOSUDO
}

rootfs_do_umounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
if mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'; then
umount '${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt'
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ rootfs_do_qemu() {
if [ '${@repr(d.getVar('ROOTFS_ARCH') == d.getVar('HOST_ARCH'))}' = 'False' ]
then
test -e '${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static' || \
- sudo cp '/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static' '${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static'
+ run_privileged cp '/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static' '${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/bin/qemu-${QEMU_ARCH}-static'
fi
}

@@ -240,16 +240,16 @@ ROOTFS_EXTRA_IMPORTED := "${@rootfs_extra_import(d)}"

rootfs_prepare[weight] = "25"
rootfs_prepare(){
- sudo tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"
+ run_privileged tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"

# setup chroot
- sudo "${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh" "setup" "${ROOTFSDIR}"
+ run_privileged "${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh" "setup" "${ROOTFSDIR}"
}

ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "rootfs_configure_isar_apt"
rootfs_configure_isar_apt[weight] = "2"
rootfs_configure_isar_apt() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

mkdir -p '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/sources.list.d'
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ EOSUDO
ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "rootfs_configure_apt"
rootfs_configure_apt[weight] = "2"
rootfs_configure_apt() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

mkdir -p '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d'
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND += "rootfs_disable_initrd_generation"
rootfs_disable_initrd_generation[weight] = "1"
rootfs_disable_initrd_generation() {
# fully disable initrd generation
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

mkdir -p "${ROOTFSDIR}${ROOTFS_STUBS_DIR}"
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_update[weight] = "5"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[isar-apt-lock] = "acquire-before"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update() {
- sudo -E chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceList="sources.list.d/isar-apt.list" \
-o Dir::Etc::SourceParts="-" \
-o APT::Get::List-Cleanup="0"
@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@ rootfs_install_resolvconf() {
if [ "${@repr(bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('BB_NO_NETWORK')))}" != "True" ]
then
if [ -L "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/resolv.conf" ]; then
- sudo unlink "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/resolv.conf"
+ run_privileged unlink "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/resolv.conf"
fi
- sudo cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc'
+ run_privileged cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc'
fi
}

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ rootfs_export_package_cache() {
ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "${@ 'rootfs_install_clean_files' if (d.getVar('ROOTFS_CLEAN_FILES') or '').strip() else ''}"
rootfs_install_clean_files[weight] = "2"
rootfs_install_clean_files() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
for clean_file in ${ROOTFS_CLEAN_FILES}; do
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/$clean_file"
done
@@ -370,14 +370,14 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_install[weight] = "8000"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.PkgsInstallProgressHandler"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install() {
- sudo -E chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
+ run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling"
rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling[weight] = "1"
rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/sources.list.d/isar-apt.list"
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/preferences.d/isar-apt"
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ EOSUDO
ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@'rootfs_cleanup_base_apt' if bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO')) else ''}"
rootfs_cleanup_base_apt[weight] = "2"
rootfs_cleanup_base_apt() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
rm -f "${ROOTFSDIR}/etc/apt/sources.list.d/"*base-apt.list
EOSUDO
@@ -561,12 +561,12 @@ EOSUDO

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND += "${@bb.utils.contains('ROOTFS_FEATURES', 'populate-systemd-preset', 'image_postprocess_populate_systemd_preset', '', d)}"
image_postprocess_populate_systemd_preset() {
- SYSTEMD_INSTALLED=$(sudo chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg-query \
+ SYSTEMD_INSTALLED=$(run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg-query \
--showformat='${db:Status-Status}' \
--show systemd || echo "" )

if (test "$SYSTEMD_INSTALLED" = "installed"); then
- sudo chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemctl preset-all --preset-mode="enable-only"
+ run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' systemctl preset-all --preset-mode="enable-only"
fi
}

@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ rootfs_generate_initramfs() {
mods_total="$(find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/lib/modules/$kernel_version -type f -name '*.ko*' | wc -l)"
echo "Total number of modules: $mods_total"
echo "Generating initrd for kernel version: $kernel_version"
- sudo -E chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" sh -ec ' \
+ run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" sh -ec ' \
${ROOTFS_INITRAMFS_GENERATOR_CMDLINE}; \
find /boot -name "initrd.img-$kernel_version*" -exec install --mode 0644 {} /isar-work/initrd.img \; \
'
@@ -663,11 +663,11 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {
# tar --one-file-system will cross bind-mounts to the same filesystem,
# so we use some mount magic to prevent that
mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- sudo mount -o bind,private '${WORKDIR}/rootfs' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
+ run_privileged mount -o bind,private '${WORKDIR}/rootfs' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
- sudo tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt -cpSf rootfs.tar $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} rootfs
- sudo umount ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) rootfs.tar
+ run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt -cpSf rootfs.tar $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} rootfs
+ run_privileged umount ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
+ run_privileged chown $(id -u):$(id -g) rootfs.tar
}
do_rootfs_install_sstate_prepare[lockfiles] = "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock"

@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_finalize() {
# - after building the rootfs, the tar won't be there, but we also don't need to unpack
# - after restoring from cache, there will be a tar which we unpack and then delete
if [ -f rootfs.tar ]; then
- sudo tar -C ${WORKDIR} -xpf rootfs.tar ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS}
+ run_privileged tar -C ${WORKDIR} -xpf rootfs.tar ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS}
rm rootfs.tar
fi
}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
index 1ab72aad..ea0c5841 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ SCHROOT_LOCKFILE = "/tmp/schroot.lock"
schroot_create_configs() {
mkdir -p "${TMPDIR}/schroot-overlay"
echo "Creating ${SCHROOT_CONF_FILE}"
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

cat << EOF > "${SCHROOT_CONF_FILE}"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ EOSUDO
schroot_delete_configs() {
(flock -x 9
set -e
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
if [ -d "${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}" ]; then
echo "Removing ${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}"
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ sbuild_export() {
}

insert_mounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
for mp in ${SCHROOT_MOUNTS}; do
FSTAB_LINE="${mp%%:*} ${mp#*:} none rw,bind,private 0 0"
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ EOSUDO
}

remove_mounts() {
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
for mp in ${SCHROOT_MOUNTS}; do
FSTAB_LINE="${mp%%:*} ${mp#*:} none rw,bind,private 0 0"
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ EOSUDO

schroot_configure_ccache() {
mkdir -p "${CCACHE_DIR}"
- sudo -s <<'EOSUDO'
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

sbuild_fstab="${SBUILD_CONF_DIR}/fstab"
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
index 17b56bcf..074f5ef8 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:remove = "${@'rootfs_cleanup_isar_apt' if bb.utils.to
ROOTFS_CONFIGURE_COMMAND:append:class-sdk = " ${@'rootfs_configure_isar_apt_dir' if bb.utils.to_boolean(d.getVar('SDK_INCLUDE_ISAR_APT')) else ''}"
rootfs_configure_isar_apt_dir() {
# Copy isar-apt instead of mounting:
- sudo cp -Trpfx --reflink=auto ${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO} ${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt
+ run_privileged cp -Trpfx --reflink=auto ${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO} ${ROOTFSDIR}/isar-apt
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:prepend:class-sdk = "sdkchroot_configscript "
sdkchroot_configscript () {
- sudo chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
+ run_in_chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:append:class-sdk = " sdkchroot_finalize"
diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index d5bbae70..f420c3c1 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -204,19 +204,19 @@ do_bootstrap() {
trap '[ -r "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir" ] && tmpdir=$(cat "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir") \
&& rm "${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir"; \
[ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp \
- && sudo umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp; \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/$base_apt_tmp; \
[ -d "$tmpdir" ] && mountpoint -q $tmpdir/base-apt \
- && sudo umount $tmpdir/base-apt; \
- [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && sudo rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir; \
+ && run_privileged umount $tmpdir/base-apt; \
+ [ -d "$tmpdir" ] && run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system $tmpdir; \
[ -n "$base_apt_tmp" ] && mountpoint -q $base_apt_tmp \
- && sudo umount $base_apt_tmp \
+ && run_privileged umount $base_apt_tmp \
&& rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp' EXIT

# Create lock file so that it is owned by the user running the build (not root)
mkdir -p ${DEBDIR}
touch ${DEB_DL_LOCK}

- sudo TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
+ run_privileged TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
$arch_param \
--mode=unshare \
${MMHOOKS} \
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {

if [ "${ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO}" != "1" ]; then
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
- sudo rm -rf --one-file-system "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir"
+ run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir"
fi
}
addtask bootstrap before do_build after do_generate_keyrings

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:21 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
We previously deployed the image file as root and then chowned the
deployed files to the calling user. Hereby the chown command itself
requires to be run under root, which is not possible on rootless.

As a preparation for rootless, we rework the deploy logic to deploy the
files under the calling user. For that, we deploy to a temporary
directory within workdir that is writeable from inside the chroot and
then copy out under the calling user.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 12 +++++
.../image-tools-extension.bbclass | 11 +++++
meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass | 10 +++-
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes.bbclass | 47 +++++++++++--------
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass | 10 ++--
meta/classes-recipe/squashfs.bbclass | 2 +-
6 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index ad03ed68..31c61789 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -978,3 +978,15 @@ specifies the rootfs path.
Using these helpers instead of direct `sudo` invocations centralizes platform-specific
privileged execution logic in `base.bbclass`. Direct use of `sudo` is discouraged
in downstream layers.
+
+### Changes to image types
+
+The way different image types are handled has changed to be be compatible with
+rootless builds. For that, the deployment of images happens in two steps:
+
+1. generate the image in the `${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}`
+2. the `imager_run` or `${SUDO_CHROOT}` command takes care of deploying the image
+ into the `${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}`
+
+Conversion commands need to follow this strategy as well, but can read the image
+(prior to conversion) from `${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}`.
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
index e88557f6..2eac3619 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
@@ -17,6 +17,17 @@ SCHROOT_MOUNTS = "${WORKDIR}:${PP_WORK} ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}:${PP_ROOTFS} ${DEPLOY_DI
SCHROOT_MOUNTS += "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}:/isar-apt"

imager_run() {
+ IMAGE_STAGE_DIR=$(dirname $IMAGE_STAGE_HOST)
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR
+ imager_run_${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE} "$@"
+
+ # copy locally deployed files with correct permissions to deploy dir
+ find $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR -type f -exec cp {} ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE} \;
+ # on error keep the files for investigation
+ run_privileged rm -rf $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR
+}
+
+imager_run_schroot() {
local_install="${@(d.getVar("INSTALL_%s" % d.getVar("BB_CURRENTTASK")) or '').strip()}"
local_bom="${@(d.getVar("BOM_%s" % d.getVar("BB_CURRENTTASK")) or '').strip()}"

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
index 4a250964..2049d80b 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image.bbclass
+ ${SUDO_CHROOT} /bin/bash -s <<'EOF'
+ set -e
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
index 63974a3e..ebf3ce8e 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
run_privileged chown -R $(stat -c "%U" ${LAYERDIR_core}) ${LAYERDIR_core} ${LAYERDIR_isar} ${SCRIPTSDIR} || true
- run_privileged chown -R $(id -u):$(id -g) "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic"*
rm -rf ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}/../pseudo

cat ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.manifest \

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:23 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Previously the initrd was deployed as root and later chowned in the
deploy dir. This involves privileged operations which will no longer be
possible when running rootless. To prepare for that, we deploy via a
stdout and create the target file by the correct user.

While doing this, we also remove a useless sudo invocation when listing
the ROOTFS/boot dir, as this can be listed by all users.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 10 ++++------
1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 33fc3cf6..ac50156c 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -620,18 +620,16 @@ python do_generate_initramfs_setscene () {

rootfs_generate_initramfs[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.InitrdProgressHandler"
rootfs_generate_initramfs() {
- if [ -n "$(sudo find '${ROOTFSDIR}/boot' -type f -name 'vmlinu[xz]*')" ]; then
+ if [ -n "$(find '${ROOTFSDIR}/boot' -type f -name 'vmlinu[xz]*')" ]; then
for kernel in ${ROOTFSDIR}/boot/vmlinu[xz]-*; do
export kernel_version=$(basename $kernel | cut -d'-' -f2-)
mods_total="$(find ${ROOTFSDIR}/usr/lib/modules/$kernel_version -type f -name '*.ko*' | wc -l)"
echo "Total number of modules: $mods_total"
echo "Generating initrd for kernel version: $kernel_version"

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:23 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
By introducing a bitbake python function (a code generator) to
generate the mount shell code, we make it reusable within here
documents where external shell functions cannot be called.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-global/base.bbclass | 18 +++++++++++
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 49 ++++++++----------------------
2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
index ad3b616e..730fd0b4 100644
--- a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
@@ -388,6 +388,24 @@ do_unpack[prefuncs] += "deprecation_checking"
# Helpers for privileged execution. Only the non-underscore functions
# shall be used outside of this class.

+def insert_isar_mounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
+ lines = []
+ for m in mounts.split():
+ host, inner = m.split(':') if ':' in m else (m, m)
+ inner_full = os.path.join(rootfs, inner[1:])
+ lines.append('mkdir -p {}'.format(inner_full))
+ lines.append('mount -o bind,private {} {}'.format(host, inner_full))
+ return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+def insert_isar_umounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
+ lines = []
+ for m in mounts.split():
+ host, inner = m.split(':') if ':' in m else (m, m)
+ mp = '{}/{}'.format(rootfs, inner)
+ lines.append('mountpoint -q {} && umount {}'.format(mp, mp))
+ lines.append('[ -d {} ] && rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty {}'.format(mp, mp))
+ return '\n'.join(lines)
+
def run_privileged_cmd(d):
cmd = 'sudo -E'
bb.debug(1, "privileged cmd: %s" % cmd)
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index ac50156c..1cd492c6 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -49,6 +49,16 @@ ROOTFS_PACKAGE_SUFFIX ?= "${PN}-${DISTRO}-${DISTRO_ARCH}"
# path to deploy stubbed versions of initrd update scripts during do_rootfs_install
ROOTFS_STUBS_DIR = "/usr/local/isar-sbin"

+# list of <outer>:<inner> or <outer> mount entries
+ROOTFS_MOUNTS ??= "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}:/isar-apt ${WORKDIR}:/isar-work"
+
+python () {
+ mounts = d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS', False)
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO') and not '/base-apt' in mounts:
+ base_apt = '{}/base-apt:/base-apt'.format(d.getVar('REPO_BASE_DIR'))
+ mounts.append(' {}'.format(base_apt))
+}
+
# helper to compute the rootfs distro also under cross building
def get_rootfs_distro(d):
host_arch = d.getVar('HOST_ARCH')
@@ -154,50 +164,15 @@ rootfs_do_mounts() {
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS'))}
EOSUDO
}

rootfs_do_umounts() {
run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:25 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
When running in rootless mode, cleaning the build directory from outside
the build environment is a non trivial task due to mixed file
ownerships. To simplify this, we introduce the isar-clean-builddir
script that can perform the cleanup without requiring root privileges.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 5 +++
scripts/isar-clean-builddir | 73 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 78 insertions(+)
create mode 100755 scripts/isar-clean-builddir

diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index 59ea3110..8cbafbba 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1015,3 +1015,8 @@ check the kas mailing list).
Note, that the following features are not supported yet in rootless mode:

- devshell
+
+Note, that the build dir may contain files that were generated within the rootless
+environment and cannot be deleted from the outside by the calling user. To simplify
+the cleanup, we provide the `isar-clean-builddir` script that helps purging
+directories with mixed ownerships (without requiring root privileges).
diff --git a/scripts/isar-clean-builddir b/scripts/isar-clean-builddir
new file mode 100755
index 00000000..81b52561
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/isar-clean-builddir
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# isar-clean-builddir - Clean the build/tmp directory
+#
+# This script removes all files from the specified directory, including those
+# owned by other users (which requires elevated privileges).
+#
+# Rootless Mode:
+# When --rootless is specified, no privileged commands are executed. This
+# requires that the UID namespace where files were generated matches the
+# cleanup environment. When running from a container, this script must be
+# called from within the same container.
+#
+# Part of the Isar API. External tools may call this script for cleanup.
+#
+# Copyright (c) Siemens AG, 2026
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+DRY_RUN=0
+ROOTLESS=0
+
+usage()
+{
+ EXIT_CODE="$1"
+ SELF="isar-clean-builddir"
+ printf "%b" "Usage: ${SELF} [--rootless] [--dry-run] [dir]\n"
+
+ exit "${EXIT_CODE:-1}"
+}
+
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+ case "$1" in
+ --dry-run)
+ DRY_RUN=1
+ shift 1
+ ;;
+ -h | --help)
+ usage 0
+ ;;
+ --rootless)
+ ROOTLESS=1
+ shift 1
+ ;;
+ --*)
+ usage 1
+ ;;
+ *)
+ break
+ ;;
+ esac
+done
+
+[ $# -eq 1 ] || usage 1
+if ! [ -d "$1" ]; then
+ echo "error: \"$1\" is not a directory"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ $ROOTLESS -eq 1 ]; then
+ PRIVILEGED_CMD="mmdebstrap --unshare-helper"
+else
+ PRIVILEGED_CMD="sudo"
+fi
+
+if [ $DRY_RUN -eq 1 ]; then
+ echo "dry-run, not executing"
+ DRY_RUN_PREFIX="/bin/echo"
+fi
+
+# clean all files that do not belong to us
+# shellcheck disable=2086
+find "$1" \( ! -user "$(whoami)" -type d -prune \) -exec $DRY_RUN_PREFIX $PRIVILEGED_CMD rm -rf {} \;
+# clean remaining files
+$DRY_RUN_PREFIX rm -rf "$1"
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:26 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 78 insertions(+)

diff --git a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
index 37c84fa7..5cacbec2 100644
--- a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
+++ b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:26 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Currently isar requires passwordless sudo and an environment
where mounting file systems is possible. This has proven problematic
for security reasons, both when running in a privileged container or
locally.

To solve this, we implement fully rootless builds that rely on the
unshare syscall which allows us to avoid sudo and instead operate in
temporary kernel namespaces as a user that is just privileged within
that namespace. This comes with some challenges regarding the handling
of mounts (they are cleared when leaving the namespace), as well as
cross namespace deployments (the outer user might not be able to access
the inner data). For that, we rework the handling of mounts and artifact
passing to make it compatible with both chroot modes (schroot and
unshare).

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
Kconfig | 2 +-
RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md | 25 ++++++
doc/user_manual.md | 2 +
kas/isar.yaml | 2 +-
meta/classes-global/base.bbclass | 90 ++++++++++++++++++-
meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass | 9 +-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 16 +++-
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass | 14 ++-
.../image-locales-extension.bbclass | 9 +-
.../image-tools-extension.bbclass | 82 +++++++++++++++++
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 56 +++++++++---
meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass | 26 +++++-
meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass | 10 ++-
meta/conf/bitbake.conf | 7 +-
.../isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc | 12 ++-
.../sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc | 24 ++++-
16 files changed, 350 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Kconfig b/Kconfig
index 683c0da5..5ef2bfcb 100644
--- a/Kconfig
+++ b/Kconfig
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ config KAS_INCLUDE_MAIN

config KAS_BUILD_SYSTEM
string
- default "isar"
+ default "isar-rootless"

source "kas/machine/Kconfig"
source "kas/distro/Kconfig"
diff --git a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
index 31c61789..59ea3110 100644
--- a/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/RECIPE-API-CHANGELOG.md
@@ -990,3 +990,28 @@ rootless builds. For that, the deployment of images happens in two steps:

Conversion commands need to follow this strategy as well, but can read the image
(prior to conversion) from `${IMAGE_FILE_CHROOT}`.
+
+### Rootless isar execution
+
+Isar is able to run without the need for `sudo` in an environment that
+allows unprivileged users to unshare the kernels `user namespace`. Further,
+a sufficiently large set of sub ids needs to be configured in `/etc/subuid` / `etc/subgid`.
+This range should be `> 65536`, but smaller ranges might work as well, depending on the
+ids used in the rootfs.
+
+A simple check if rootless is supported can be done by running:
+
+```bash
+mmdebstrap --unshare-helper /bin/echo "rootless supported" || echo "rootless not supported"
+```
+
+To enable rootless builds, set the bitbake variable `ISAR_ROOTLESS = "1"`.
+This internally switches the chroot mode from `schroot` to `unshare`.
+
+When using kas, the `build_system` needs to be set to `isar-rootless`, but the final
+interfaces still need to be clarified. Further, kas patches are needed (for details,
+check the kas mailing list).
+
+Note, that the following features are not supported yet in rootless mode:
+
+- devshell
diff --git a/doc/user_manual.md b/doc/user_manual.md
index 7520854b..77a37e9b 100644
--- a/doc/user_manual.md
+++ b/doc/user_manual.md
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ Building `debian-trixie` requires host system >= bookworm.
Install the following packages:
```
apt install \
+ acl \
binfmt-support \
bubblewrap \
bzip2 \
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ apt install \
qemu-user-static \
reprepro \
sudo \
+ uidmap \
unzip \
xz-utils \
git-buildpackage \
diff --git a/kas/isar.yaml b/kas/isar.yaml
index 16ce8b42..3cfc4f96 100644
--- a/kas/isar.yaml
+++ b/kas/isar.yaml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
header:
version: 14

-build_system: isar
+build_system: isar-rootless

repos:
isar:
diff --git a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
index 730fd0b4..3806542b 100644
--- a/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-global/base.bbclass
@@ -389,7 +389,28 @@ do_unpack[prefuncs] += "deprecation_checking"
# shall be used outside of this class.

def insert_isar_mounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
+ """
+ In unshare mode, all mounts must be created after unsharing the
+ mount namespace. As needs to happen within the unshared session,
+ we implement it as a code generator. Note, that the random and urandom
+ mounts are needed for DDI images.
+ """
lines = []
+ to_touch = ['/dev/null', '/dev/random', '/dev/urandom']
+ to_mkdir = ['/dev/pts', '/dev/shm']
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare':
+ lines.append('touch ' + ' '.join(['{}/{}'.format(rootfs, f) for f in to_touch]))
+ lines.append('mkdir -p ' + ' '.join(['{}/{}'.format(rootfs, f) for f in to_mkdir]))
+ lines.append('mount -o bind,private,mode=666 /dev/null {}/dev/null'.format(rootfs))
+ lines.append('mount -t devpts -o noexec,nosuid,uid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=666 none {}/dev/pts'.format(rootfs))
+ lines.append('( cd {}/dev; ln -sf pts/ptmx . )'.format(rootfs))
+ lines.append('mount -t tmpfs none {}/dev/shm'.format(rootfs))
+ lines.append('mount -o bind /dev/random {}/dev/random'.format(rootfs))
+ lines.append('mount -o bind /dev/urandom {}/dev/urandom'.format(rootfs))
+ lines.append('mount -t proc none {}/proc'.format(rootfs))
+ # we do not unshare the network namespace, so we cannot create a sysfs, hence bind-mount
+ lines.append('mount -o rbind /sys {}/sys'.format(rootfs))
+
for m in mounts.split():
host, inner = m.split(':') if ':' in m else (m, m)
inner_full = os.path.join(rootfs, inner[1:])
@@ -398,7 +419,18 @@ def insert_isar_mounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
return '\n'.join(lines)

def insert_isar_umounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
+ """
+ In unshare mount we don't unmount the system mounts but just
+ remove the mountpoints.
+ """
lines = []
+ to_unlink = ['/dev/null', '/dev/random', '/dev/urandom', '/dev/ptmx']
+ to_rmdir = ['/dev/pts', '/dev/shm']
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare':
+ lines.append('rm -f ' + ' '.join(['{}/{}'.format(rootfs, f) for f in to_unlink]))
+ for d in ['{}/{}'.format(rootfs, _d) for _d in to_rmdir]:
+ lines.append('[ -d {} ] && rmdir {}'.format(d, d))
+
for m in mounts.split():
host, inner = m.split(':') if ':' in m else (m, m)
mp = '{}/{}'.format(rootfs, inner)
@@ -406,11 +438,52 @@ def insert_isar_umounts(d, rootfs, mounts):
lines.append('[ -d {} ] && rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty {}'.format(mp, mp))
return '\n'.join(lines)

+def get_subid_range(idmap, d):
+ with open(idmap, 'r') as f:
+ entries = f.readlines()
+ for e in entries:
+ user, base, cnt = e.split(':')
+ if user == os.getuid() or user == os.getlogin():
+ return int(base), int(cnt)
+ bb.error("No sub-id range specified in %s" % idmap)
+
def run_privileged_cmd(d):
- cmd = 'sudo -E'
+ """
+ In unshare mode we need to map the rootfs uid/gid range into the
+ subuid/subgid range of the parent namespace. As we usually only
+ get 65534 ids, we cannot map the whole range, as two ids are already
+ used by the calling environment (root and builder user). Hence, map
+ as much as we can but also map the highest id (nobody / nogroup) as
+ these are used within the rootfs. It would be easier to use
+ mmdebstrap --unshare-helper as command (which is also internally used
+ by sbuild), but this only maps linear ranges, hence it cannot map the
+ nobody / nogroup on the default subid range. By that, we have to avoid
+ the nobody / nogroup when building packages in this case.
+ """
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare':
+ nobody_id = 65534
+ uid_base, uid_cnt = get_subid_range('/etc/subuid', d)
+ uid_cnt -= 2
+ nobody_subid = uid_base + uid_cnt
+ gid_base, gid_cnt = get_subid_range('/etc/subgid', d)
+ gid_cnt -= 2
+ nogroup_subid = gid_base + gid_cnt
+ cmd = 'unshare --mount --mount-proc --user --pid' \
+ ' --kill-child' \
+ ' --setuid 0 --setgid 0 --fork' \
+ f' --map-users 0:{uid_base}:{uid_cnt}' \
+ f' --map-groups 0:{gid_base}:{gid_cnt}'
+ if uid_cnt < nobody_id:
+ cmd += f' --map-users {nobody_id}:{nobody_subid}:1'
+ if gid_cnt < nobody_id:
+ cmd += f' --map-groups {nobody_id}:{nogroup_subid}:1'
+ else:
+ cmd = 'sudo -E'
bb.debug(1, "privileged cmd: %s" % cmd)
return cmd

+UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE := "${@get_subid_range('/etc/subuid', d)[0] if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else '0'}"
+# store in variable to only compute once and make available to fetcher
RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD := "${@run_privileged_cmd(d)}"

run_privileged() {
@@ -422,13 +495,24 @@ run_privileged_heredoc() {
}

# create a directory that is suitable to be the
-# parent of a rootfs
+# parent of a rootfs. In unshare mode, we further need to
+# give the inner user the right to create a directory there.
+# This is needed, as the inner user needs to extract the
+# rootfs tarball and owns the '.' dir.
create_chroot_parent_dir() {
mkdir -p "$@"
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "unshare" ]; then
+ setfacl -m u:${UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE}:rwX "$@"
+ fi
}

run_in_chroot() {
rootfs="$1"
shift
- ${RUN_PRIVILEGED_CMD} chroot "$rootfs" "$@"
+
+ rootfs=$rootfs run_privileged_heredoc <<'EORIC' "$@"
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, '$rootfs', '')}
+ chroot "$rootfs" "$@"
+EORIC
}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
index 05a16585..dc83edad 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/deb-dl-dir.bbclass
@@ -121,8 +121,13 @@ deb_dl_dir_import() {

# let our unprivileged user place downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives/
run_privileged_heredoc << ' EOSUDO'
- mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
- chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "unshare" ]; then
+ mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives
+ chmod 777 "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives
+ else
+ mkdir -p "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
+ chown -R ${uid}:${gid} "${rootfs}"/var/cache/apt/archives/
+ fi
EOSUDO

# nothing to copy if download directory does not exist just yet
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
index b3f4caad..0b8c6fba 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
@@ -168,12 +168,24 @@ dpkg_schroot_create_configs() {
EOSUDO
}

+dpkg_chroot_prepare() {
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "schroot" ]; then
+ dpkg_schroot_create_configs
+ fi
+}
+
+dpkg_chroot_finalize() {
+ if [ "${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}" = "schroot" ]; then
+ schroot_delete_configs
+ fi
+}
+
python do_dpkg_build() {
- bb.build.exec_func('dpkg_schroot_create_configs', d)
+ bb.build.exec_func('dpkg_chroot_prepare', d)
try:
bb.build.exec_func("dpkg_runbuild", d)
finally:
- bb.build.exec_func('schroot_delete_configs', d)
+ bb.build.exec_func('dpkg_chroot_finalize', d)
}
do_dpkg_build[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
index 8d7ff092..9fda58af 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg.bbclass
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/rootfs" "${distro}"

# Cleanup apt artifacts
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
index c1e8c175..bdaa55fb 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-locales-extension.bbclass
@@ -29,8 +29,12 @@ ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT += "image_install_localepurge_download"
image_install_localepurge_download[weight] = "40"
image_install_localepurge_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
image_install_localepurge_download() {
- run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' \
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS') if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else '')}
+ chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only localepurge
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "image_install_localepurge_install"
@@ -62,6 +66,9 @@ __EOF__
# Install configuration into image:
run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
+
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), '')}
+
localepurge_state='i'
if chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' dpkg -s localepurge 2>/dev/null >&2
then
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
index 2eac3619..bae5c31e 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/image-tools-extension.bbclass
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ do_image_tools[depends] += " \
SCHROOT_MOUNTS = "${WORKDIR}:${PP_WORK} ${IMAGE_ROOTFS}:${PP_ROOTFS} ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}:${PP_DEPLOY}"
SCHROOT_MOUNTS += "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}:/isar-apt"

+# only used on unshare
+ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS ?= "${WORKDIR}/rootfs-imgtools-${BB_CURRENTTASK}"
+
imager_run() {
IMAGE_STAGE_DIR=$(dirname $IMAGE_STAGE_HOST)
create_chroot_parent_dir $IMAGE_STAGE_DIR
@@ -114,3 +117,82 @@ generate_imager_sbom() {
--timestamp $TIMESTAMP ${SBOM_DEBSBOM_EXTRA_ARGS} \
< ${WORKDIR}/imager.manifest
}
+
+imager_run_unshare() {
+ exec 3<&0
+
+ # ignore everything before '--'. If the remaining list is empty,
+ # assume a here document is passed via stdin
+ while [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; do
+ case "$1" in
+ --) shift 1; break ;;
+ *) shift 1 ;;
+ esac
+ done
+
+ if [ "$#" -eq 0 ]; then
+ set -- "$@" '/bin/bash' '-s'
+ fi
+
+ local_install="${@(d.getVar("INSTALL_%s" % d.getVar("BB_CURRENTTASK")) or '').strip()}"
+
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $(realpath -m "${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/..")
+
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}
+ tar -xf "${SBUILD_CHROOT}" -C "${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}"
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/isar-apt
+ cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf "${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/etc"
+EOF
+
+ # setting up error handler
+ imager_cleanup() {
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}
+ }
+ trap 'exit 1' INT HUP QUIT TERM ALRM USR1
+ trap 'imager_cleanup' EXIT
+
+ if [ -n "${local_install}" ]; then
+ echo "Installing imager deps: ${local_install}"
+
+ distro="${BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
+ if [ ${ISAR_CROSS_COMPILE} -eq 1 ]; then
+ distro="${HOST_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
+ fi
+
+ E="${@ isar_export_proxies(d)}"
+ deb_dl_dir_import ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} ${distro}
+ ${SCRIPTSDIR}/lockrun.py -r -f "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock" -s <<'EOAPT'
+ local_install=$local_install ${@run_privileged_cmd(d)} /bin/bash -s <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS'), d.getVar('SCHROOT_MOUNTS'))}
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} apt-get update \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceList='sources.list.d/isar-apt.list' \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts='-' \
+ -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup='0'
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends -y \
+ --allow-unauthenticated --allow-downgrades --download-only install \
+ $local_install
+EOF
+EOAPT
+
+ deb_dl_dir_export ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} ${distro}
+ local_install=$local_install run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS'), d.getVar('SCHROOT_MOUNTS'))}
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes --no-install-recommends -y \
+ --allow-unauthenticated --allow-downgrades install \
+ $local_install
+EOF
+ fi
+
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF' "$@"
+ set -e
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}/${SCRIPTSDIR}
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS'), d.getVar('SCHROOT_MOUNTS'))}
+ chroot ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS} "$@" <&3
+EOF
+
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${ROOTFS_IMAGETOOLS}
+}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 1cd492c6..7570942a 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -145,7 +145,12 @@ rootfs_cmd() {
}

rootfs_do_mounts[weight] = "3"
-rootfs_do_mounts() {
+python rootfs_do_mounts() {
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'schroot':
+ bb.build.exec_func('rootfs_do_mounts_priv', d)
+}
+
+rootfs_do_mounts_priv() {
run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e
mountpoint -q '${ROOTFSDIR}/dev' || \
@@ -168,7 +173,13 @@ rootfs_do_mounts() {
EOSUDO
}

-rootfs_do_umounts() {
+python rootfs_do_umounts() {
+ # unconditionally run the unmount code as this ignores missing
+ # mountpoints but also does the cleanup of the directories
+ bb.build.exec_func('rootfs_do_umounts_priv', d)
+}
+
+rootfs_do_umounts_priv() {
run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOSUDO'
set -e

@@ -215,7 +226,12 @@ ROOTFS_EXTRA_IMPORTED := "${@rootfs_extra_import(d)}"

rootfs_prepare[weight] = "25"
rootfs_prepare(){
- run_privileged tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $(realpath "${ROOTFSDIR}/..")
+ rm -rf ${ROOTFSDIR}
+ run_privileged_heredoc << 'EOF'
+ mkdir -p ${ROOTFSDIR}
+ tar -xf "${BOOTSTRAP_SRC}" -C "${ROOTFSDIR}" --exclude="./dev/console"
+EOF

# setup chroot
run_privileged "${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh" "setup" "${ROOTFSDIR}"
@@ -285,10 +301,14 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_update[weight] = "5"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[isar-apt-lock] = "acquire-before"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK_AND_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_update() {
- run_in_chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
- -o Dir::Etc::SourceList="sources.list.d/isar-apt.list" \
- -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts="-" \
- -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup="0"
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ chroot '${ROOTFSDIR}' /usr/bin/apt-get update \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceList="sources.list.d/isar-apt.list" \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts="-" \
+ -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup="0"
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "rootfs_install_resolvconf"
@@ -316,9 +336,12 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_download[isar-apt-lock] = "release-after"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download[network] = "${TASK_USE_NETWORK}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_download() {
# download packages using apt in a non-privileged namespace
- rootfs_cmd --bind "${ROOTFSDIR}/var/cache/apt/archives" /var/cache/apt/archives \
- ${ROOTFSDIR} \
- -- /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} \
+ /usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} -oDebug::NoLocking=1 --download-only ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND_BEFORE_EXPORT ??= ""
@@ -345,8 +368,12 @@ rootfs_install_pkgs_install[weight] = "8000"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[progress] = "custom:rootfs_progress.PkgsInstallProgressHandler"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
rootfs_install_pkgs_install() {
- run_in_chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ chroot "${ROOTFSDIR}" \
/usr/bin/apt-get ${ROOTFS_APT_ARGS} ${ROOTFS_PACKAGES}
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_INSTALL_COMMAND += "rootfs_restore_initrd_tooling"
@@ -636,7 +663,7 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {
# tar --one-file-system will cross bind-mounts to the same filesystem,
# so we use some mount magic to prevent that
mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
- run_privileged_here <<'EOF' 3> rootfs.tar
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF' 3> rootfs.tar
mount -o bind,private '${ROOTFSDIR}' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
tar -C ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs -cpS $lopts ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} . >&3
@@ -650,8 +677,11 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_finalize() {
# - after building the rootfs, the tar won't be there, but we also don't need to unpack
# - after restoring from cache, there will be a tar which we unpack and then delete
if [ -f rootfs.tar ]; then
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $(realpath -m "${ROOTFSDIR}/..")
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
mkdir -p ${ROOTFSDIR}
- run_privileged tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -xp ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} < rootfs.tar
+ tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -xp ${SSTATE_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} -f rootfs.tar
+EOF
rm rootfs.tar
fi
}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
index ea0c5841..ded311da 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sbuild.bbclass
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ SCHROOT_MOUNTS ?= ""

inherit crossvars

-SBUILD_CHROOT ?= "${DEBDISTRONAME}-${SCHROOT_USER}-${ISAR_BUILD_UUID}-${@os.getpid()}"
+SBUILD_CHROOT:unshare ?= "${SCHROOT_DIR}.tar.zst"
+SBUILD_CHROOT:schroot ?= "${DEBDISTRONAME}-${SCHROOT_USER}-${ISAR_BUILD_UUID}-${@os.getpid()}"

SBUILD_CONF_DIR ?= "${SCHROOT_CONF}/${SBUILD_CHROOT}"
SCHROOT_CONF_FILE ?= "${SCHROOT_CONF}/chroot.d/${SBUILD_CHROOT}"
@@ -144,6 +145,13 @@ END
EOSUDO
}

+unshare_configure_ccache() {
+ # ccache must be below /build for file permissions to work properly
+ cat <<'EOF' >> ${SBUILD_CONFIG}
+$path = "/usr/lib/ccache:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games";
+EOF
+}
+
sbuild_dpkg_log_export() {
export dpkg_partial_log="${1}"

@@ -152,3 +160,19 @@ sbuild_dpkg_log_export() {
cat ${dpkg_partial_log} >> ${SCHROOT_DIR}/tmp/dpkg_common.log
) 9>"${SCHROOT_DIR}/tmp/dpkg_common.log.lock"
}
+
+# additional mounts managed by sbuild
+sbuild_add_unshare_mounts() {
+ mkdir -p "${CCACHE_DIR}"
+ # sbuild id from https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1110942
+ setfacl -m u:${UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE}:rwX -m u:${@int(d.getVar('UNSHARE_SUBUID_BASE')) + 999}:rwx "${CCACHE_DIR}"
+
+ cat <<'EOF' >> ${SBUILD_CONFIG}
+$unshare_bind_mounts = [
+ { directory => '${WORKDIR}/rootfs', mountpoint => '${PP}/rootfs' },
+ { directory => '${WORKDIR}/isar-apt/${DISTRO}-${DISTRO_ARCH}/apt/${DISTRO}', mountpoint => '/isar-apt' },
+ { directory => '${REPO_BASE_DIR}', mountpoint => '/base-apt' },
+ { directory => "${CCACHE_DIR}", mountpoint => "/ccache" }
+];
+EOF
+}
diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
index 074f5ef8..6086e9ce 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/sdk.bbclass
@@ -74,13 +74,17 @@ rootfs_configure_isar_apt_dir() {

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:prepend:class-sdk = "sdkchroot_configscript "
sdkchroot_configscript () {
- run_in_chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('ROOTFSDIR'), d.getVar('ROOTFS_MOUNTS')) if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''}
+ cp -rL /etc/resolv.conf '${ROOTFSDIR}/etc'
+ chroot ${ROOTFSDIR} /configscript.sh ${DISTRO_ARCH}
+EOF
}

ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:append:class-sdk = " sdkchroot_finalize"
sdkchroot_finalize() {
-
- rootfs_do_umounts
+ rootfs_do_umounts_priv

# Remove setup scripts
run_privileged rm -f ${ROOTFSDIR}/chroot-setup.sh ${ROOTFSDIR}/configscript.sh
diff --git a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
index 8ca295b7..c90bc59c 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-core/isar-mmdebstrap/isar-mmdebstrap.inc
@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ do_bootstrap() {
umount \$1/$base_apt_tmp && rm ${WORKDIR}/mmtmpdir && \
umount $base_apt_tmp && rm -rf --one-file-system $base_apt_tmp"
else
+ # prepare dl_dir for access from both sides (local and rootfs)
+ create_chroot_parent_dir ${WORKDIR}/dl_dir
deb_dl_dir_import "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"

bootstrap_list="${WORKDIR}/sources.list.d/bootstrap.list"
@@ -197,6 +199,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {
-o Dir::State="$1/var/lib/apt" \
-o Dir::Etc="$1/etc/apt" \
-o Dir::Cache="$1/var/cache/apt" \
+ ${@'-o APT::Sandbox::User=root' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''} \
-o Apt::Architecture="${BOOTSTRAP_DISTRO_ARCH}" \
${@get_apt_opts(d, '-o')}'
extra_essential="$extra_essential && $syncout"
@@ -214,13 +217,14 @@ do_bootstrap() {

# Cleanup mounts if fails
trap 'exit 1' INT HUP QUIT TERM ALRM USR1
- trap 'bootstrap_cleanup' EXIT
+ trap ${@'true' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else 'bootstrap_cleanup'} EXIT

# Create lock file so that it is owned by the user running the build (not root)
mkdir -p ${DEBDIR}
touch ${DEB_DL_LOCK}

- run_privileged TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
+ ${@'' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else 'run_privileged'} \
+ TMPDIR="${BOOTSTRAP_TMPDIR}" mmdebstrap $bootstrap_args \
$arch_param \
--mode=unshare \
${MMHOOKS} \
@@ -239,6 +243,7 @@ do_bootstrap() {
--customize-hook='sed -i "/en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/s/^#//g" "$1/etc/locale.gen"' \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" /usr/sbin/locale-gen' \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" /usr/bin/apt-get -y clean' \
+ ${@'--skip=output/dev' if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare' else ''} \
--skip=cleanup/apt \
--skip=download/empty \
${@get_apt_opts(d, '--aptopt')} \
@@ -252,7 +257,8 @@ do_bootstrap() {

if [ "${ISAR_USE_CACHED_BASE_REPO}" != "1" ]; then
deb_dl_dir_export "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir" "${BOOTSTRAP_BASE_DISTRO}-${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}"
- run_privileged rm -rf --one-file-system "${WORKDIR}/dl_dir"
+ run_privileged find ${WORKDIR}/dl_dir -maxdepth 1 -mindepth 1 -exec rm -rf --one-file-system "{}" \;
+ rmdir ${WORKDIR}/dl_dir
fi
}
addtask bootstrap before do_build after do_generate_keyrings
diff --git a/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc b/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc
index 61d37760..7a778d8c 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc
+++ b/meta/recipes-devtools/sbuild-chroot/sbuild-chroot.inc
@@ -66,8 +66,28 @@ ROOTFS_POSTPROCESS_COMMAND:remove = "rootfs_cleanup_base_apt"

DEPLOY_SCHROOT = "${@d.getVar('SCHROOT_' + d.getVar('SBUILD_VARIANT').upper() + '_DIR')}${SBUILD_SCHROOT_SUFFIX}"

-do_sbuildchroot_deploy[dirs] = "${DEPLOY_DIR}/schroot-${SBUILD_VARIANT}"
-do_sbuildchroot_deploy() {
+sbuildchroot_deploy_tree() {
ln -Tfsr "${ROOTFSDIR}" "${DEPLOY_SCHROOT}"
}
+sbuildchroot_deploy_tar() {
+ lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives --exclude=isar-apt"
+ # we cannot use pzstd, as this results in a different magic
+ # (zstd skippable frame) which is not detected by sbuild
+ # https://salsa.debian.org/debian/sbuild/-/blob/d975d388a98627a0d7d112791e441c27a6d529df/lib/Sbuild/ChrootUnshare.pm#L608
+ ZSTD="zstd -${SSTATE_ZSTD_CLEVEL} -T${ZSTD_THREADS}"
+ run_privileged \
+ tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -cpS $lopts ${ROOTFS_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} . \
+ | $ZSTD > ${DEPLOY_SCHROOT}.tar.zst
+ # cleanup extracted rootfs
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${ROOTFSDIR}
+}
+
+do_sbuildchroot_deploy[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
+do_sbuildchroot_deploy[dirs] += "${DEPLOY_DIR}/schroot-${SBUILD_VARIANT}"
+python do_sbuildchroot_deploy() {
+ if d.getVar('ISAR_CHROOT_MODE') == 'unshare':

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:27 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
We rework the conversion of the VM images to be compatible with the
two-stage deploy. By that, they can be generated under rootless as well.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_vm.bbclass | 29 +++++++++++++----------
1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_vm.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_vm.bbclass
index 4057361e..3f914e4d 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_vm.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_vm.bbclass
@@ -19,8 +19,11 @@ SOURCE_IMAGE_FILE ?= "${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.wic"
VMDK_SUBFORMAT ?= "monolithicSparse"

VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_TYPE ?= "vmdk"
+
+PP_STAGE = "${PP_WORK}/deploy-image-ova"
VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE = "${IMAGE_FULLNAME}-disk001.${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_TYPE}"
-VIRTUAL_MACHINE_DISK = "${PP_DEPLOY}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}"
+VIRTUAL_MACHINE_DISK_DEPLOY = "${PP_DEPLOY}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}"
+VIRTUAL_MACHINE_DISK_STAGE = "${PP_STAGE}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}"

def set_convert_options(d):
format = d.getVar("VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_TYPE")
@@ -35,9 +38,10 @@ CONVERSION_OPTIONS = "${@set_convert_options(d)}"
convert_wic() {
rm -f '${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}'
bbnote "Creating ${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE} from ${SOURCE_IMAGE_FILE}"
- imager_run -p -d ${PP_WORK} -- \
- /usr/bin/qemu-img convert -f raw -O ${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_TYPE} ${CONVERSION_OPTIONS} \
- '${PP_DEPLOY}/${SOURCE_IMAGE_FILE}' '${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_DISK}'
+ export IMAGE_STAGE_HOST=${WORKDIR}/deploy-image-ova/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}
+ ${SUDO_CHROOT} \
+ /usr/bin/qemu-img convert -f raw -O ${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_TYPE} ${CONVERSION_OPTIONS} \
+ '${PP_DEPLOY}/${SOURCE_IMAGE_FILE}' '${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_DISK_STAGE}'
}

# User settings for OVA
@@ -78,23 +82,24 @@ IMAGE_CMD:ova() {
export LAST_CHANGE=$(date -u "+%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
export OVA_FIRMWARE_UPPERCASE=$(echo ${OVA_FIRMWARE} | tr '[a-z]' '[A-Z]')
export OVF_TEMPLATE_STAGE2=$(echo ${OVF_TEMPLATE_FILE} | sed 's/.tmpl$//' )
- imager_run -p -d ${PP_WORK} <<'EOIMAGER'
+ ${SUDO_CHROOT} /bin/bash -s <<'EOIMAGER'
set -e
- export DISK_SIZE_BYTES=$(qemu-img info -f vmdk "${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_DISK}" \
+ export DISK_SIZE_BYTES=$(qemu-img info -f vmdk "${PP_DEPLOY}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}" \
| gawk 'match($0, /^virtual size:.*\(([0-9]+) bytes\)/, a) {print a[1]}')
export DISK_UUID=$(uuidgen)
export VM_UUID=$(uuidgen)
# create ovf
- cat ${PP_WORK}/${OVF_TEMPLATE_STAGE2} | envsubst > ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf
- tar -cvf ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ova -C ${PP_DEPLOY} ${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf
+ cat ${PP_WORK}/${OVF_TEMPLATE_STAGE2} | envsubst > ${PP_STAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf
+ tar -cvf ${PP_STAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ova -C ${PP_STAGE} ${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf

# VirtualBox needs here a manifest file. VMware does accept that format.
if [ "${VMDK_SUBFORMAT}" = "monolithicSparse" ]; then
- echo "SHA${OVA_SHA_ALG}(${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE})=$(sha${OVA_SHA_ALG}sum ${PP_DEPLOY}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE} | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.mf
- echo "SHA${OVA_SHA_ALG}(${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf)=$(sha${OVA_SHA_ALG}sum ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.mf
- tar -uvf ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ova -C ${PP_DEPLOY} ${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.mf
+ echo "SHA${OVA_SHA_ALG}(${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE})=$(sha${OVA_SHA_ALG}sum ${PP_DEPLOY}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE} | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> ${PP_STAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.mf
+ echo "SHA${OVA_SHA_ALG}(${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf)=$(sha${OVA_SHA_ALG}sum ${PP_STAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ovf | cut -d' ' -f1)" >> ${PP_STAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.mf
+ tar -uvf ${PP_STAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ova -C ${PP_STAGE} ${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.mf
fi
- tar -uvf ${PP_DEPLOY}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ova -C ${PP_DEPLOY} ${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}
+ tar -uvf ${PP_STAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ova --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner -C ${PP_DEPLOY} ${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}
EOIMAGER
+ rm -f ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${VIRTUAL_MACHINE_IMAGE_FILE}
}
IMAGE_CMD:ova[depends] = "${PN}:do_transform_template"
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:16:27 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
The implementation of the fetching depends on the chroot mode (e.g.
schroot or unshare). As a preparation for the unshare mode, we hide the
concrete fetcher implementation behind a factory, so that we will be
able to dispatch based on the mode.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass | 2 +-
meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py | 12 +++++++++---
2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
index 03317ef2..b3f4caad 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-base.bbclass
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ python() {

# apt-src fetcher
import aptsrc_fetcher
- methods.append(aptsrc_fetcher.AptSrc())
+ methods.append(aptsrc_fetcher.AptSrc.create(d))

src_uri = (d.getVar('SRC_URI', False) or "").split()
for u in src_uri:
diff --git a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
index dfa784a9..37c84fa7 100644
--- a/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
+++ b/meta/lib/aptsrc_fetcher.py
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ from bb.fetch2 import logger
from bb.fetch2 import runfetchcmd

class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
+ @classmethod
+ def create(cls, d):
+ return AptSrcSchroot()
+
def supports(self, ud, d):
return ud.type in ['apt']

@@ -20,6 +24,11 @@ class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
codename = d.getVar('BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME')
ud.localfile='deb-src/' + base_distro + '-' + codename + '/' + ud.host

+ def clean(self, ud, d):
+ bb.utils.remove(ud.localpath, recurse=True)
+
+
+class AptSrcSchroot(AptSrc):
def download(self, ud, d):
bb.utils.exec_flat_python_func('isar_export_proxies', d)
bb.build.exec_func('schroot_create_configs', d)
@@ -83,6 +92,3 @@ class AptSrc(FetchMethod):
finally:
runfetchcmd(f'schroot -q -f -e -c {session_id}', d)
bb.build.exec_func('schroot_delete_configs', d)

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:17:33 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
By that it is compatible with the unshare chroot mode.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_ddi.bbclass | 8 +++-----
1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_ddi.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_ddi.bbclass
index 0e45fb8a..7ffd24db 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_ddi.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_ddi.bbclass
@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@ DDI_SIGNING_KEY_PATH ?= ""
DDI_SIGNING_CERTIFICATE_PATH ?= ""
DDI_TYPE ?= "sysext"
DDI_DEFINITION_PATH ?= "/usr/share/isar-ddi-definitions/${DDI_TYPE}.repart.d"
-DDI_OUTPUT_IMAGE ?= "${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.ddi"

ddi_not_supported() {
bberror "IMAGE TYPE DDI is not supported in distribution Release '${BASE_DISTRO_CODENAME}'"
}

-create_ddi_image() {
+IMAGE_CMD:ddi() {
local_extra_arguments=""
if [ -n "${DDI_SIGNING_KEY_PATH}" ]; then
local_extra_arguments="${local_extra_arguments} --private-key=${DDI_SIGNING_KEY_PATH}"
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ create_ddi_image() {
local_extra_arguments="${local_extra_arguments} --certificate=${DDI_SIGNING_CERTIFICATE_PATH}"
fi

- rm -rf ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${DDI_OUTPUT_IMAGE}
+ rm -f ${IMAGE_FILE_HOST}

${SUDO_CHROOT} << EOF
if [ -z ${DDI_SIGNING_KEY_PATH} ]; then
@@ -37,11 +36,10 @@ create_ddi_image() {
--copy-source=${PP_ROOTFS} \
--empty=create --size=auto --dry-run=no \
--no-pager $local_extra_arguments \
- ${PP_DEPLOY}/${DDI_OUTPUT_IMAGE}
+ ${IMAGE_STAGE_CHROOT}
EOF
}

IMAGE_CMD:ddi:buster = "ddi_not_supported"
IMAGE_CMD:ddi:bullseye = "ddi_not_supported"
IMAGE_CMD:ddi:bookworm = "ddi_not_supported"
-IMAGE_CMD:ddi = "create_ddi_image"
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:17:33 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass | 13 +++++++++++--
1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass
index b6cc4a14..615aa428 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_container.bbclass
@@ -67,8 +67,11 @@ do_containerize() {
run_privileged umoci remove --image "${oci_img_dir}:${empty_tag}"
run_privileged rm -rf "${oci_img_dir}_unpacked"

- # no root needed anymore
- run_privileged chown --recursive $(id -u):$(id -g) "${oci_img_dir}"
+ run_privileged tar -c --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner -C ${oci_img_dir} . > \
+ ${WORKDIR}/container-image.tar
+
+ # on success clean
+ run_privileged rm -rf "$oci_img_dir"
}

convert_container() {
@@ -78,6 +81,9 @@ convert_container() {
local image_name="$2"
local image_archive="$3"

+ mkdir -p $oci_img_dir
+ tar -xf ${WORKDIR}/container-image.tar -C $oci_img_dir
+
# convert the OCI container image to the desired format
bbdebug 1 "Creating container image type: ${container_type}"
case "${container_type}" in
@@ -106,4 +112,7 @@ convert_container() {
die "Unsupported format for convert_container: ${container_type}"
;;
esac
+
+ # on success clean
+ rm -rf $oci_img_dir
}
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:17:34 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
The fetching of a common source package needs to happen in the
chroot. Previously we only had an implementation for the schroot
backend, but we also need one for unshare, which is added here.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
1 file changed, 36 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
index d0809477..5272fc39 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/dpkg-source.bbclass
@@ -52,10 +52,7 @@ do_dpkg_build[depends] += "${BPN}:do_deploy_source"

SCHROOT_MOUNTS = "${WORKDIR}:/work ${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/${DISTRO}:/isar-apt"

-do_fetch_common_source[depends] += "${SCHROOT_DEP} ${BPN}:do_deploy_source"
-do_fetch_common_source[lockfiles] = "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock"
-do_fetch_common_source[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
-do_fetch_common_source() {
+fetch_common_source_schroot() {
schroot_create_configs
insert_mounts

@@ -83,6 +80,41 @@ do_fetch_common_source() {
remove_mounts
schroot_delete_configs
}
+
+UNSHARE_DPKG_SOURCE_CHROOT = "${WORKDIR}/dpkg-source-chroot"
+fetch_common_source_unshare() {
+ create_chroot_parent_dir $(realpath -m "${UNSHARE_DPKG_SOURCE_CHROOT}/..")
+
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ mkdir -p ${UNSHARE_DPKG_SOURCE_CHROOT}
+ tar -xf "${SBUILD_CHROOT}" -C ${UNSHARE_DPKG_SOURCE_CHROOT}
+
+ ${@insert_isar_mounts(d, d.getVar('UNSHARE_DPKG_SOURCE_CHROOT'), d.getVar('SCHROOT_MOUNTS'))}
+ chroot ${UNSHARE_DPKG_SOURCE_CHROOT} /bin/bash -s <<'EOAPT'
+ set -e
+ apt-get update \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceList="sources.list.d/isar-apt.list" \
+ -o Dir::Etc::SourceParts="-" \
+ -o APT::Get::List-Cleanup="0"
+
+ cd /work
+ apt-get -y --download-only --only-source \
+ -o Debug::NoLocking=1 -o Acquire::Source-Symlinks="false" \
+ source ${DEBIAN_SOURCE}
+EOAPT
+EOF
+
+ # run cleanup in separate session to ensure nothing is mounted
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${UNSHARE_DPKG_SOURCE_CHROOT}
+}
+
+do_fetch_common_source[depends] += "${SCHROOT_DEP} ${BPN}:do_deploy_source"
+do_fetch_common_source[lockfiles] = "${REPO_ISAR_DIR}/isar.lock"
+do_fetch_common_source[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
+do_fetch_common_source() {
+ fetch_common_source_${ISAR_CHROOT_MODE}
+}
addtask fetch_common_source

do_dpkg_build[depends] += "${@'${PN}:do_dpkg_source' if '${PN}' == '${BPN}' else '${PN}:do_fetch_common_source'}"
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:17:37 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
We previously used the same sbom-chroot for generating the sbom of
different root filesystems. This required to have a live copy of the
sbom-chroot in the deploy dir, on which also was operated on. Further,
this copy was left behind in the deploy dir.

We improve this by just storing a minimized tarball of the sbom-chroot
in the deploy dir and extract that into the workdir of the rootfs.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes/sbom.bbclass | 29 ++++++++++++++++---
.../sbom-chroot/sbom-chroot.bb | 11 ++++++-
2 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass b/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass
index e3d0e702..69c5d1b0 100644
--- a/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes/sbom.bbclass
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ SBOM_SPDX_NAMESPACE_PREFIX ?= "https://spdx.org/spdxdocs"
DEPLOY_DIR_SBOM = "${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}"

SBOM_DIR = "${DEPLOY_DIR}/sbom"
-SBOM_CHROOT = "${SBOM_DIR}/sbom-chroot"
+SBOM_CHROOT = "${SBOM_DIR}/sbom-chroot.tar.zst"
+SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL = "${WORKDIR}/sbom-chroot"

# adapted from the isar-cip-core image_uuid.bbclass
def generate_document_uuid(d, warn_not_repr=True):
@@ -40,14 +41,25 @@ def sbom_doc_uuid(d):
if not d.getVar("SBOM_DOCUMENT_UUID"):
d.setVar("SBOM_DOCUMENT_UUID", generate_document_uuid(d))

+prepare_sbom_chroot() {
+ create_chroot_parent_dir ${WORKDIR}
+ run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF'
+ set -e
+ mkdir -p ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL}
+ tar -xf ${SBOM_CHROOT} -C ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL}
+EOF
+}
+
generate_sbom() {
- run_privileged mkdir -p ${SBOM_CHROOT}/mnt/rootfs ${SBOM_CHROOT}/mnt/deploy-dir
+ run_privileged mkdir -p \
+ ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL}/mnt/rootfs \
+ ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL}/mnt/deploy-dir

TIMESTAMP=$(date --iso-8601=s -d @${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH})
bwrap \
--unshare-user \
--unshare-pid \
- --bind ${SBOM_CHROOT} / \
+ --bind ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL} / \
--bind ${ROOTFSDIR} /mnt/rootfs \
--bind ${DEPLOY_DIR_SBOM} /mnt/deploy-dir \
-- debsbom -v generate ${SBOM_DEBSBOM_TYPE_ARGS} -r /mnt/rootfs -o /mnt/deploy-dir/'${PN}-${DISTRO}-${MACHINE}' \
@@ -59,8 +71,17 @@ generate_sbom() {
--timestamp $TIMESTAMP ${SBOM_DEBSBOM_EXTRA_ARGS}
}

+cleanup_sbom_chroot() {
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL}
+}
+
do_generate_sbom[dirs] += "${DEPLOY_DIR_SBOM}"
+do_generate_sbom[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
python do_generate_sbom() {
sbom_doc_uuid(d)
- bb.build.exec_func("generate_sbom", d)
+ try:
+ bb.build.exec_func("prepare_sbom_chroot", d)
+ bb.build.exec_func("generate_sbom", d)
+ finally:
+ bb.build.exec_func("cleanup_sbom_chroot", d)
}
diff --git a/meta/recipes-devtools/sbom-chroot/sbom-chroot.bb b/meta/recipes-devtools/sbom-chroot/sbom-chroot.bb
index bf6d6683..fec1f502 100644
--- a/meta/recipes-devtools/sbom-chroot/sbom-chroot.bb
+++ b/meta/recipes-devtools/sbom-chroot/sbom-chroot.bb
@@ -27,7 +27,16 @@ ROOTFSDIR = "${WORKDIR}/rootfs"
ROOTFS_PACKAGES = "${SBOM_IMAGE_INSTALL}"

do_sbomchroot_deploy[dirs] = "${SBOM_DIR}"
+do_sbomchroot_deploy[network] = "${TASK_USE_SUDO}"
do_sbomchroot_deploy() {
- ln -Tfsr "${ROOTFSDIR}" "${SBOM_CHROOT}"
+ # deploy with empty var to make it smaller
+ lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/*"
+ ZSTD="zstd -${SSTATE_ZSTD_CLEVEL} -T${ZSTD_THREADS}"
+
+ run_privileged \
+ tar -C ${ROOTFSDIR} -cpS $lopts ${ROOTFS_TAR_ATTR_FLAGS} . \
+ | $ZSTD > ${SBOM_CHROOT}
+ # cleanup extracted rootfs
+ run_privileged rm -rf ${ROOTFSDIR}
}
addtask do_sbomchroot_deploy before do_build after do_rootfs
--
2.51.0

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:17:37 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
The rootfs_install_sstate_prepare currently leaves an empty directory
skeleton behind. As this does not have any value for debugging, we
remove it.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 2 ++
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 7570942a..07dd415c 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -663,6 +663,8 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {
# tar --one-file-system will cross bind-mounts to the same filesystem,
# so we use some mount magic to prevent that
mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
+ trap 'rmdir ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs ${WORKDIR}/mnt' EXIT
+
run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF' 3> rootfs.tar
mount -o bind,private '${ROOTFSDIR}' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
--
2.51.0

Jan Kiszka

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Feb 20, 2026, 12:24:23 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
Reading the changelog below, I guess this line is obsolete, right?

> - unprivileged cleanup of the build/tmp dir is non trivial

... but has scripts/isar-clean-builddir now.
Let's try again...

Jan

Jan Kiszka

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Feb 20, 2026, 1:24:30 PM (5 days ago) Feb 20
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
On 20.02.26 18:15, Felix Moessbauer wrote:
Works in rootless, folder is gone, but it suggests something different:

$ isar/scripts/isar-clean-builddir --rootless build/tmp
rm: cannot remove 'build/tmp/ccache/xenomai-demo-riscv64-amd64/a':
Permission denied
E: system failed: 256
E: unshared command failed
rm: cannot remove 'build/tmp/ccache/xenomai-demo-riscv64-amd64/8':
Permission denied
E: system failed: 256
E: unshared command failed
rm: cannot remove 'build/tmp/ccache/xenomai-demo-riscv64-amd64/c':
Permission denied
E: system failed: 256
E: unshared command failed
...
$ ls build/tmp
ls: cannot access 'build/tmp': No such file or directory

Felix Moessbauer

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Feb 23, 2026, 8:33:14 AM (2 days ago) Feb 23
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, adriaan...@siemens.com, Felix Moessbauer
The rootfs_install_sstate_prepare currently leaves an empty directory
skeleton behind. As this does not have any value for debugging, we
remove it.

Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
---
meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 2 ++
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
index 73ffa6b2..9044bf93 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
@@ -662,6 +662,8 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {

MOESSBAUER, Felix

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Feb 23, 2026, 8:43:36 AM (2 days ago) Feb 23
to isar-...@googlegroups.com, Schmidt, Adriaan
On Mon, 2026-02-23 at 14:32 +0100, Felix Moessbauer wrote:
> The rootfs_install_sstate_prepare currently leaves an empty directory
> skeleton behind. As this does not have any value for debugging, we
> remove it.
>
> Signed-off-by: Felix Moessbauer <felix.mo...@siemens.com>
> ---
> meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass | 2 ++
> 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
> index 73ffa6b2..9044bf93 100644
> --- a/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
> +++ b/meta/classes-recipe/rootfs.bbclass
> @@ -662,6 +662,8 @@ rootfs_install_sstate_prepare() {
> # tar --one-file-system will cross bind-mounts to the same filesystem,
> # so we use some mount magic to prevent that
> mkdir -p ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs
> + trap 'rmdir ${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs ${WORKDIR}/mnt' EXIT
> +

PS: I found this while working on the rootless series. I just noticed,
that this patch does not apply as-is on isar next, but the idea behind
it should be clear.

Felix

> run_privileged_heredoc <<'EOF' 3> rootfs.tar
> mount -o bind,private '${ROOTFSDIR}' '${WORKDIR}/mnt/rootfs' -o ro
> lopts="--one-file-system --exclude=var/cache/apt/archives"
> --
> 2.51.0

Uladzimir Bely

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Feb 24, 2026, 5:33:29 AM (yesterday) Feb 24
to Felix Moessbauer, isar-...@googlegroups.com, jan.k...@siemens.com, quirin.g...@siemens.com
Hello Felix.

On Fri, 2026-02-20 at 18:16 +0100, 'Felix Moessbauer' via isar-users
wrote:
This change also requires appropriate changes in at least image-tools-
extension.bbclass and imagetype_wic.bbclass, e.g.:


diff --git a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass b/meta/classes-
recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
index ebf3ce8e..34f2286e 100644
--- a/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
+++ b/meta/classes-recipe/imagetypes_wic.bbclass
@@ -216,13 +216,16 @@ merge_wic_sbom() {
TIMESTAMP=$(date --iso-8601=s -d @${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH})
sbom_document_uuid="${@d.getVar('SBOM_DOCUMENT_UUID') or
generate_document_uuid(d, False)}"

+ mkdir -p ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL}
+ tar -xf ${SBOM_CHROOT} -C ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL}
+
cat ${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${IMAGE_FULLNAME}.${bomtype}.json \
${DEPLOY_DIR_IMAGE}/${INITRD_DEPLOY_FILE}.${bomtype}.json \
${WORKDIR}/imager.${bomtype}.json 2>/dev/null | \
bwrap \
--unshare-user \
--unshare-pid \
- --bind ${SBOM_CHROOT} / \
+ --bind ${SBOM_CHROOT_LOCAL} / \
-- debsbom -v merge -t $BOMTYPE \
--distro-name '${SBOM_DISTRO_NAME}-Image' --distro-
supplier '${SBOM_DISTRO_SUPPLIER}' \
--distro-version '${SBOM_DISTRO_VERSION}' --base-distro-
vendor '${SBOM_BASE_DISTRO_VENDOR}' \


Without it, in my build this failed at wic stage (qemuamd64 target)
when attempting to bind-mount tar.zst:


bwrap --unshare-user --unshare-pid --bind
/work/build/tmp/deploy/sbom/sbom-chroot.tar.zst / -- debsbom -v merge
-t spdx --distro-name ISAR-Debian-GNU-Linux-Image --distro-supplier
ISAR --distro-version 1 --base-distro-vendor debian --cdx-serialnumber
4641ea56-9fce-4120-ae90-0784cd98d434 --spdx-namespace
https://spdx.org/spdxdocs-4641ea56-9fce-4120-ae90-0784cd98d434 --
timestamp 2024-03-04T18:14:11+03:00 - -o -

bwrap: Can't create file at /: Is a directory
--
Best regards,
Uladzimir.

MOESSBAUER, Felix

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Feb 24, 2026, 6:36:10 AM (yesterday) Feb 24
to ub...@ilbers.de, isar-...@googlegroups.com, Gylstorff, Quirin, Kiszka, Jan
Yes, I also found this later on and already fixed it. Will be part of
the v3. Are you considering this patch relevant for the release? In
this case I can just send the fixed version as a standalone patch on
next. Just let me know.

v3 also reworks the whole imaging part to require less (or ideally no)
changes in downstream layers.

Felix

Uladzimir Bely

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Feb 24, 2026, 6:59:58 AM (yesterday) Feb 24
to MOESSBAUER, Felix, isar-...@googlegroups.com, Gylstorff, Quirin, Kiszka, Jan
> Not sure it's ready enough for release.
>
> I managed to build some targets using KAS_CONTAINER_ENGINE=podman,
> but it doesn't work with default "docker" value. Initial issue comes
> from option "--userns=keep-id" podman has since docker doesn't have.
> But even when bypassing it, I faced some more issues under docker.
>
> v3 also reworks the whole imaging part to require less (or ideally
> no)
> changes in downstream layers.
>
>
> Anyway, if v3 fixes mentioned docker-related issues, it would be good
> to have the fixed version for futher testing.
--
Best regards,
Uladzimir.

MOESSBAUER, Felix

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Feb 24, 2026, 7:29:03 AM (yesterday) Feb 24
to ub...@ilbers.de, isar-...@googlegroups.com, Gylstorff, Quirin, Kiszka, Jan
I was just referring to the single patch "use copy of sbom-chroot for
sbom creation".

> >
> > I managed to build some targets using KAS_CONTAINER_ENGINE=podman,
> > but it doesn't work with default "docker" value. Initial issue comes
> > from option "--userns=keep-id" podman has since docker doesn't have.
> > But even when bypassing it, I faced some more issues under docker.

I did not yet prepare the kas-container for that. The whole thing is
only tested in podman (yet), but hopefully I can also make it work
under docker.

However, I'm currently hunting a very strange bug on
citest.py:CrossTest.test_cross_kselftest where the
rootfs_install_sstate_finalize task fails under schroot (rootfull) and
sbuild-chroot-host for arm64.

The bug reproduces reliably in CI, but not locally.

Felix
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