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Nursing homes play a unique dual role in the long-term care continuum, serving as a place where people receive needed health care and a place they call home. Ineffective responses to the complex challenges of nursing home care have resulted in a system that often fails to ensure the well-being and safety of nursing home residents. The devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nursing home residents and staff has renewed attention to the long-standing weaknesses that impede the provision of high-quality nursing home care.
With support from a coalition of sponsors, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed the Committee on the Quality of Care in Nursing Homes to examine how the United States delivers, finances, regulates, and measures the quality of nursing home care. The National Imperative to Improve Nursing Home Quality: Honoring Our Commitment to Residents, Families, and Staff identifies seven broad goals and supporting recommendations which provide the overarching framework for a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of care in nursing homes.
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A PDF is a digital representation of the print book, so while it can be loaded into most e-reader programs, it doesn't allow for resizable text or advanced, interactive functionality. The eBook is optimized for e-reader devices and apps, which means that it offers a much better digital reading experience than a PDF, including resizable text and interactive features (when available).
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EPUB 3 has been widely adopted as the format for digital books (ebooks), and this revision continuesto increase the format's capabilities to better support a wider range of publication requirements,including complex layouts, rich media and interactivity, and global typography features. Theexpectation is that publishers will utilize the EPUB 3 format for a broad range of content,including books, magazines, and educational, professional, and scientific publications.
These specifications represent the formal list recognized as belonging to EPUB 3 and that containfunctionality normatively referenced as part of the standard. The development of extensionspecifications periodically adds new functionality to EPUB publications. Features and functionalitydefined outside of core revisions to the standard, while not formally recognized in thisspecification, are nonetheless available for EPUB creators and reading system developers touse.
An EPUB publication is, in its most basic sense, a bundle of resources with instructions on how torender those resources to present the content in a logical order. The types of resources that areallowed in EPUB publication, as well as restrictions on their use, are defined in 3. Publication resources.
A ZIP-based archive with the file extension .epub bundles the EPUB publication'sresources for distribution. As conformant ZIP archives, EPUB publications can be unzipped by manysoftware programs, simplifying both their production and consumption.
The container format not only provides a means of determining that the zipped content represents anEPUB publication (the mimetype file), but also provides a universally named directoryof non-normative resources (/META-INF). Key among these resources is thecontainer.xml file, which directs reading systems to the available package documents. Refer to 4. Open Container Format (OCF) for more information about the container format.
An EPUB publication is typically represented by a single package document. This document includesmetadata used by reading systems to present the content to the user, such as the title andauthor for display in a bookshelf as well as rendering metadata (e.g., whether the content isreflowable or has a fixed layout). It also provides a manifest of resources and includes a spine that lists the default sequence in which to render documents as a user progressesthrough the content. Refer to 5. Package document for the requirements for the packagedocument.
An EPUB publication also includes another key file called the EPUB navigation document. Thisdocument provides critical navigation capabilities, such as the table of contents, that allow usersto navigate the content quickly and easily. The navigation document is a specialized type of XHTML content document which also allows EPUB creators to use it in the content (i.e., avoiding onetable of contents for machine processing and another for user consumption). Refer to 7. EPUB navigation document for more information about this document.
EPUB publications by default are intended to reflow to fit the available screen space. It is alsopossible to create publications that have pixel-precise fixed layouts using images and/or CSSpositioning. The metadata to control layouts are defined in 8. Layout rendering control.
Media overlay documents complement EPUB content documents. They provide declarative markup forsynchronizing the text in EPUB content documents with prerecorded audio. The result is the abilityto create a read-aloud experience where reading systems highlight the text as it is narrated.Refer to 9. Media overlays for the definition of media overlay documents.
While conceptually simple, an EPUB publication is more than just a collection of HTML pages anddependent assets in a ZIP package as presented here. Additional information about the primaryfeatures and functionality that EPUB publications provide to enhance the reading experience isavailable from the referenced specifications, and a more general introduction to the features ofEPUB 3 is provided in the non-normative [epub-overview-33].
Refer to [epub-rs-33] for the processing requirements for reading systems. Although it is notnecessary that EPUB creators read that document to create EPUB publications, an understanding ofhow reading systems present the content can help craft publications for optimal presentation tousers.
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