The rhyme is a single stanza in trochaic metre, common in nursery rhymes and relatively easy for younger children.[2][3] The Roud Folk Song Index classifies the song as 4439; variants have been collected across Great Britain and North America.[4]
The rhyme is sung to a variant of the 18th century French melody Ah! vous dirai-je, maman,[1] also used for "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star", "Little Polly Flinders", and "Alphabet song". The words and melody were first published together by A. H. Rosewig in (Illustrated National) Nursery Songs and Games, published in Philadelphia in 1879.[5]
In the next surviving printing, in Mother Goose's Melody (c. 1765), the text remained the same, except the last lines, which were given as, "But none for the little boy who cries in the lane".[1]
As with many nursery rhymes, attempts have been made to find origins and meanings for the rhyme, most of which have no corroborating evidence.[1] Katherine Elwes Thomas in The Real Personages of Mother Goose (1930) suggested the rhyme referred to resentment at the heavy taxation on wool.[7] This has been taken to refer to the medieval English "Great" or "Old Custom" wool tax of 1275, which survived until the fifteenth century.[1] More recently the rhyme has been alleged to have a connection to the slave trade, particularly in the southern United States.[8] This explanation was advanced during debates over political correctness and the use and reform of nursery rhymes in the 1980s, but has no supporting historical evidence.[9] Rather than being negative, the wool of black sheep may have been prized as it could be made into dark cloth without dyeing.[8]
In 1986 the British popular press reported a controversy over the rhyme's language, suggesting that "black" was being treated as a racial term. This was based on a rewriting of the rhyme in one private nursery as an exercise for the children there.[10] A similar controversy emerged in 1999 when reservations about the rhyme were submitted to Birmingham City Council by a working group on racism in children's resources.[11] Two private nurseries in Oxfordshire in 2006 altered the song to "Baa Baa Rainbow Sheep", with "black" being replaced with a variety of other adjectives such as "happy", "sad", "hopping" and "pink".[12] Commentators have asserted that these controversies have been exaggerated or distorted by some elements of the press as part of a general campaign against political correctness.[10]
The phrase "yes sir, yes sir, three bags full sir" has been used in reference to an obsequious or craven subordinate. It is attested from 1910, and originally was common in the British Royal Navy.[14]
The rhyme has often appeared in literature and popular culture. Rudyard Kipling used it as the title of an 1888 semi-autobiographical short story.[7] The name Black Sheep Squadron was used for the Marine Attack Squadron 214 of the United States Marine Corps from 1942 and the title Baa Baa Black Sheep was used for a book by its leader Colonel Gregory "Pappy" Boyington and for a TV series (later syndicated as Black Sheep Squadron) that aired on NBC from 1976 until 1978.[15] In 1951, together with "In the Mood", "Baa Baa Black Sheep" was the first song ever to be digitally saved and played on a computer.[16]
Baa, baa, black sheep, have you any wool?
Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full.
One for the master, one for the dame,
And one for the little boy, who lives down the lane.
Baa, baa, black sheep, have you any wool?
Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full.
For some color fun, try singing this traditional song with other color sheep.
Then you can use Mem Fox's book: Where is the Green Sheep?, opens a new window
Baa, baa, sheep, have you any wool?
Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full.
One for the master, one for the dame,
And one for the little boy, who lives down the lane.
Baa, baa, sheep, have you any wool?
Yes sir, yes sir, three bags full.
Kids think this is pretty silly. I usually have pictures of sheep that I have colored different colors. I have the kids guess the color to help build vocabulary and color recognition.
Did you know that it had to do with taxation in the middle ages? one for the master a third going to the crown, one for the dame, a further third going to the Church (mother Church) and one (and sometimes none) for the little boy who lives (or cries) down the lane.
It certainly shouldn't be banned anywhere - it is a traditional nursery rhyme and has no racial connotations. There were a couple of perhaps well meaning but extremely misinformed nurseries a few years back that took this step and of course the media decided to completely sensationalise the whole incident. However, as Marion says the urban myth persists!
Phew!! Don't want to go into too much detail but I had an incident in my setting on friday regarding the singing of this song/rhyme. When I delved a little deeper I was told by a colleague who works in our borough that some settings had banned it due to it not being PC. Apparently some are told in training that it is about slavery!!!
I am so glad to hear that you all feel the same way as I do. I think the incident was completely out of hand and I am sure there will be further repercussions. I will use your support to help me keep my cool
A collegue was saying on Friday that her mother had come back from playgroup with my collegues 2 years old daughter with a similiar tale. At singing time when the children were asked what they would like to sing my friends daughter had requested Baa, Baa Black sheep to be told the group couldn't sing about the black sheep but they would sing the other colours!!
But you can see how these things are propagated can't you? We definitely sing the black version, but I also love all the other coloured versions! Bet I won't remember them come the next singing session though!
From what I remember reading years ago, this story was thought up by the Sun as a dig at the real silliness invading our lives. It was meant to be a joke but some people thought it was a trueth and so it stuck. A bit like the egg boxes.
It's quite worrying to think that media hype several years ago should still be influencing the practice in some playgroups/nurseries today. I sometimes despair that people don't question these sorts of things and just accept what they are told by someone who obviously has just passed it on unthinkingly themselves. Well done Wendles for bringing the subject up - hopefully we can enlighten some people!
In the last nursery school I worked in 98% of children were from BME families and Baa Baa Black Sheep was one of their favourites. We never had any comments about it from parents when the children went home singing it as children love to do. When asked what they wanted to sing it was ALWAYS BBBS or Twinkle Twinkle.
We also sing Baa, Baa white sheep with 3 needles full, one to mend the jumpers , one to mend the frocks and one to mend the GREAT BIG HOLE in.................'s socks. Maybe a bit old fashioned now - people don't seem to mend things anymore! Children love it though. korkycat
The rhyme probably dates back to the Middle Ages, possibly to the 13th Century, and relates to a tax imposed by the king on wool. One-third went to the local lord (the 'master'), one-third to the church (referred to as the 'dame') and about a third was for the farmer (the 'little boy who lives down the lane').
spoke to the person in question today and apparetnly it is about slavery as is mulberry bush and something else as well. SHe said it was brought up in her training! SHe was adamant that it was offensive and definately about slavery
For a busy man, Andr Mack is remarkably chill. He runs two companies, designs labels and coloring books and wine pun T-shirts (one reads "Beaune Thugs"), is in an upcoming documentary on minority winewakers in Oregon, and does some wristwatch modeling on the side (it's exactly what it sounds like). Oh, and he has two kids under 10, with a third on the way. "I woke up today, so that's plenty to be thankful for," he tells me when we talk.
When it comes to winemaking, Mack is refreshingly brassy toward a notoriously buttoned-up business: "At the end of the day, it's just grape juice," he says. "No one needs anything that I make. The last thing we need is another wine on the shelf. So that just makes me grateful for the people who do enjoy it."
Mouton Noir, Mack's first company, opened for business in 2007. His grapes come from six different vineyards in Oregon. Right now, Mouton Noir sells 13 wines. The bottles, originally designed to be served in restaurants, are now available in stores, online and for wholesale order in the United States and 11 countries around the world from Spain to Japan. Mack's latest venture, Vine and Supply, is a "Pinot Noir-centric" wine producer that's set to open in early 2016.
Mack doesn't look like most people's idea of a wine expert, nor does his journey in the biz. He got a job at McDonald's when he was 16, had stints at Red Lobster and Chuck E. Cheese (he was the mouse), and then moved on to higher-tier restaurants. By the time he became the sommelier at Thomas Keller's Per Se, once called the best restaurant in New York City by the New York Times and deemed the third most expensive restaurant in the world, he stood out like a sore thumb, or, as his friends called him, a black sheep.
So when Mack left the restaurant business to start making his own wines, he called his company Mouton Noir ("black sheep" in French) as a wink to skeptics. Now, standing out is something that he not only embraces, but cultivates. He designs the labels on his bottles, many of which poke fun at wine culture. They portray both respect and a fond sense of humor about the history, tradition and elitism of wine culture. O.P.P. (Other People's Pinot) was one of the first wines that Mouton Noir sold. There's also O.G. (Original Gris). This winter, Mack is most excited for Bottoms Up, a riesling-based white blend.
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