You know how I love such questions...
A couple of great resources for the inter-testamental period...
Together these will give you a great deal of insight (and keep you out of a life of crime for many weeks!).
Another very worthwhile exercise is to read the
Apocrypha, esp 1-2 Maccabees (a Jewish record of the revolt against the Seleucids).
And you can always curl up with the
Complete Works of Josephus (Jewish historian who was roughly a contemporary of Jesus - a little later). His
History of the Jews is particularly illuminating. The link I gave is for the standard translation - available for $6!!!
Do all this and you are on your way to a PhD (woot!).