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Pervez Amirali Hoodbhoy (Urdu: پرویز امِیرعلی ہودبھائی; Urdu pronunciation: [pərʋeːz əmiːɾəliː ɦuːd̪bʱaːiː]; born 11 July 1950) is a Pakistani nuclear physicist, author, media commentator, and social activist. He is generally considered one of the most vocal, progressive and liberal members of the Pakistani intelligentsia.[2] Hoodbhoy is known for his opposition to nuclear weapons and vocal defence of secularism, freedom of speech, scientific temper and education in Pakistan.[3][4] Some senior journalists, political and army figures have leveled accusations[5] of treason and unbelief against him but he has rebutted them.[6] Instead he regards himself as a global citizen.[7] His physics-math course lectures, as well as on popular science topics, are widely watched and available online.[8][9]

Awards for Hoodbhoy include the Abdus Salam Prize[21] for Mathematics (1984); the Kalinga Prize for the popularization of science (2003); the TWAS-ROCASA prize;[22] the Jean Meyer Award for global citizenship;[23] the Joseph A. Burton Forum Award (2010) from the American Physical Society.[24] In 2011, he was included in the list of 100 most influential global thinkers by Foreign Policy.[25] From 2013 to 2017 he was a member of the UN Secretary General's advisory board on Disarmament.[26] In 2019 he received the honorary doctorate of law from the University of British Columbia.[27]

On 14 April 2001, the Pakistan government announced that Hoodbhoy had been selected for receiving the Sitara-i-Imtiaz from then-president, General Pervez Musharraf. However Hoodbhoy turned down the award on grounds that bureaucrats and non-scientists were not capable judging scientific work or deciding on scientific awards.[28]

Hoodbhoy was born and raised in Karachi, Sindh, in a family belonging to the Gujarati Khoja Ismaili Shia community.[29] He has one elder brother, and three sisters including infectious diseases specialist Dr. Naseem Salahuddin and reporter Nafisa Hoodbhoy. He has been married twice, first to Hajra Ahmed, niece of public intellectual and activist Eqbal Ahmad. Hoodbhoy and Hajra Ahmed have two daughters together, including Alia Amirali, a well-known feminist and political activist. They divorced in 2009 and Hoodbhoy later married Sadia Manzoor who is also, like him, a physics professor. They were married late in life and do not have children together.

Hoodbhoy attended the Karachi Grammar School in Karachi for his initial schooling.[30] After graduating, at the age of 19, Hoodbhoy went to the United States to attend the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on a scholarship.[31] During his undergraduate years he worked in restaurants, various odd jobs, and as a campus janitor to support his studies.

At MIT Hoodbhoy received three degrees simultaneously in 1973. These were a double BSc in electrical engineering and mathematics and a MSc in solid-state physics. Immediately thereafter he joined Islamabad University (later called Quaid-e-Azam University) as a junior lecturer in October 1973 where he taught physics for two years but was also heavily involved in left-wing political work. After two years of teaching and activism he returned to MIT to work on various problems of nuclear structure theory under the supervision of Prof. John W. Negele. He was awarded a doctorate in nuclear physics in 1978 with a thesis titled, "Time Dependent Correlations in Nuclear Dynamics".[32]

Hoodbhoy's PhD research was in nuclear physics but much of his later work focused on the quark-gluon structure of nuclei, quantum chromodynamics, and particle phenomenology. In particular this included the spin structure of nuclei and quark-gluon components of the proton's spin as measured in various hard processes. He has also published papers seeking to link ADS/CFT and extra space-time dimensions with certain nuclear phenomena. His other works touch on quantum hydrodynamics, Berry phases, skyrmion physics, and quantum Hall phenomena.

Hoodbhoy points to Noam Chomsky, whose courses and lectures he had attended as an undergraduate at MIT, as a major influence upon his political philosophy. So also was the scholar-activist and public intellectual, Eqbal Ahmad, which whom he developed a life-long friendship.[36] In the early 1970s Hoodbhoy worked actively with People's Labour Federation, a progressive trade union in Rawalpindi and was part of an independent Marxist group at Islamabad University headed by Professor Faheem Husain. With the advent of martial law in 1977 all union activity was banned and progressive activities forced underground.

Provoked by General Zia-ul-Haq's extreme measures to create a new Islamic science, Hoodbhoy authored Islam and Science: Religious Orthodoxy and the Battle for Rationality with a preface by physics Nobel Laureate, Abdus Salam.[40] This was subsequently translated into 8 languages. The book contends that the rise of Muslim science owed to Muslim openness in an earlier phase of Islam but subsequent closing of the Muslim mind led to the demise of all intellectual production.[41] Hoodbhoy has continued to insist that attitudinal reasons, not paucity of resources, are responsible for the stagnation of the sciences in Islam.[42] Salam and Hoodbhoy jointly authored an essay in 1984 that critiqued Eurocentric claims to developing science.[43]

Though I know that it is not welcome in my country and people who deviate from the notion that it is an Islamic state, are looked upon disapprovingly, I strongly feel that's what we need to head towards.

From 1991 to 2004 Hoodbhoy hosted and authored three major 13-part documentary series in Urdu on Pakistan Television on popular science and education. To date these have been the only science documentaries produced by PTV. In 2003 he was the recipient of UNESCO's 2003 Kalinga Prize for the popularization of science.

Following the nuclear tests of India and Pakistan, Hoodbhoy hosted and produced a 30-minute documentary "Pakistan and India Under the Nuclear Shadow" (2001). With help from Zia Mian, this was followed by a longer documentary on the Kashmir dispute in 2004. It has been the only documentary produced in Pakistan so far that considers the narratives of all three protagonists and is titled, "Crossing the Lines: Kashmir, Pakistan, India".[53]

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