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Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is closely related to the infamous variola (smallpox) virus, causing a febrile rash illness in humans similar to but milder than smallpox. In the twentieth century, human monkeypox had been mostly a rare zoonotic disease confined to forested areas in West and Central Africa. However, the case number and geographic range have increased significantly in this century, coincided with the waning of the smallpox vaccine-induced immunity in the global population. The outbreak of human monkeypox in multiple countries since May 2022 has been unusual in its large case number and the absence of direct links to endemic countries, raising concerns for a possible change in monkeypox transmission pattern that could pose a greater global threat. Here, we review aspects of MPXV biology that are relevant for risk assessment and preparedness for a monkeypox epidemic, with an emphasis on recent progress in understanding of the virus host range, evolutionary potential, and neutralization targets.
Though we tried to remember to take it out of the water and secure it to the top of the boat during the big rapids, it may or may not have taken a ride down the infamous Crystal while clipped to the outside of the rig.
Lisette, a Saint-Domingue-born Creole slave and daughter of an African-born bossale, has inherited not only the condition of slavery but the traumatic memory of the Middle Passage as well. The stories told to her by her grandmother and godmother, including the horrific voyage aboard the infamous slave ship Rosalie, have become part of her own story, the one she tells in this haunting novel by the acclaimed Haitian writer velyne Trouillot.
The University of Nebraska Press is part of a land-grant institution with campuses and programs on the past, present, and future homelands of the Pawnee, Ponca, Otoe-Missouria, Omaha, Dakota, Lakota, Kaw, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Peoples, as well as those of the relocated Ho-Chunk, Sac and Fox, and Iowa Peoples.
Meaning "causing infamy" is from 1550s. As a legal term, "disqualified from certain rights of citizens because of conviction for certain crimes" (late 14c.). The neutral fameless (in the sense original to infamous) is recorded from 1590s. Related: Infamously.
late 14c., "celebrated in public report, renowned, well-known" also "notorious, infamous," from Anglo-French famous, Old French fameus (Modern French fameux), from Latin famosus "much talked of, renowned," often "infamous, notorious, of ill repute," from fama (from PIE root *bha- (2) "to speak, tell, say"). A native word for this was Old English namcu, literally "name-known." Catch phrase famous last words in the humorous sense "remark likely to prove fatally wrong" is attested from 1921 (early lists of them include "Let's see if it's loaded ... We'll get across before the train comes ... Which one is the third rail? ... Light up, it can't explode").
An earlier form in Middle English was infame (late 14c.), from Old French infame, an earlier form of infamie. Infame also was the Middle English verb in this set, "brand with infamy," from Old French infamer, from Latin infamare "bring into ill repute, defame," from infamis. The verb has become archaic in English (infamize is attested from 1590s).
Late last year I released posuto, a package presenting Japanese postal codedata in an easy-to-use format. It's based on data released by JapanPost, which is infamous for being widely used but hard to parse.
I first became aware of the postal data when I entered my postal code in anonline form and it auto-completed my address as "XXX-borough (except thefollowing buildings)". I had no idea what that parenthetical was referring to,so I looked for a common source of postal data, found the CSV, and found theissue. It turns out the CSV file contains parenthetical notes for anyonereading the CSV file and makes reference to the order of the rows.
This causes problems. The data is mainly useful one row at a time, where theparenthetical is meaningless. Since CSV is a field-delimited format, there'salso no need for parentheticals - you could just add a note field.
This is only one of many issues with ken_all.csv. You can find peoplecomplaining about it regularly on Twitter, and there waseven briefly a blog just collecting posts from all over the webabout it. A particularly amusing tweet describes people who expectcomputers to bend to the will of humans being punished in Hell by having toparse ken_all.csv forever.
The README for the file explains that lines with overly long fields will bebroken up into multiple lines. Specifically, if the neighborhood name is over38 characters, or if the half-width katakana (half-width katakana)pronunciation field is over 76 characters, the line will be split into twolines. The overly-long neighborhood field will be continued and all otherfields will be duplicated. This is an abbreviated sample of what that lookslike:
The motivation for this is not explained. Maybe there was a fixed-width bufferfor storing a line somewhere thirty years ago. I used to process CSV and otherfiles from hundreds of different providers at an old job and I saw manyhorrors, but I've never seen this particular formatting choice anywhere else.It should also be noted that while the length limits are as stated, thelocation where line breaks are inserted in long lines appears random, occurringneither at the character limit nor at normal word boundaries.
There are other issues. There are catch-all postal codes for many areas, wherethe neighborhood is given as "except the following", and the only thing to dois look for that exact string and exclude it. There's a variety of similarstrings, and it's hard to be sure I've caught them all.
There's also a separate romaji file offered by JP Post. It's updatedless frequently than the main files, is often out of sync, and the providedromaji are extremely low quality. For the moment I'm still providing the datain posuto in the name of consistency, but honestly you should just usecutlet. To give an example of bad romaji:
What's happening here is that "JA" is being converted to the phonetic readingin Japanese, "ジェイエイ". Then ジェ, which is written "large ji small e" butpronounced "je", is being converted to "jie" by treating the small character asthough it were large, and the other characters are translated as-is, turningsomething already in the latin alphabet into alphabet soup. For contrast,cutlet has no problem converting "JAビル" into "JA building" (case handlingadmittedly needs some work still). Similar issues turn "Roppongi Hills" into"Roppongihiruzu", and "Sweden Hills" into "Suedenhiruzu".
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