[The Raspberry Reich 2004
Amancio Mccrae
Progress 10/01/10 to 09/30/15
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience included growers, students, extension educators and researchers. Specifically, the members of the New York State Berry Growers Association, the North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association, the National Coordinating Committe-212 for Small Fruits and Viticulture, and the North American Strawberry Growers Associations as well as non-member growers in NY, mid-western, northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Researchers and extension staff from Cornell and other leading institutions with programs in berry production, breeding and/or processing were also targeted. Graduate and undergraduate students at Cornell and elementary students from the Geneva, NY school system have also been provided information regarding berry breeding, production and nutritional content of berries in workshops and open houses. Changes/Problems:Nothing ReportedWhat opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Nothing ReportedHow have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Presentation was given at the Eastern New York Fruit School, Kingston, NY on February 12, 2015 titled "Effects of planting date and plant type on day neutral strawberry production". 35 growers and cooperative extension personnel attended the 40 min. presentation. A presentation and hands on demonstration was given to the North Street Elementary School Summer Science Camp, Geneva, NY on genetics and inheritance using raspberry as the model system. July 15, 2015. 3 hr. duration. 16 students attended. A presentation was given at the Cornell-NYSAES Raspberry High Tunnel Open House on July 14, 2015on the performance of raspberry varieties under high tunnels. The program featured a presentation on the high density black raspberry production system. 8 growers and cooperative extension personnel attended. 3 hr. duration. A tour and discussion of the raspberry high tunnel planting and discussion of varietal performance and the high density black raspberry production system was given to the Great Lakes Fruit Workers Annual Meeting on November 11, 2015. 65 research and extension personnel attended the 20 min. tour. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?Traditional breeding continues with a focus on matted row strawberry production in temperate climate zones. Additionally, selection and trials have increasingly included production in perennial a plasticture system. In 2015, approximately 2300 seedlings were under evaluation. The seedlings were evaluated during the fruiting season for fruit quality characteristics and yield potential and 17 seedlings were selected for trials and/or as parent plants for future generations. These plants were propagated from runner tips and will be planted in test blocks in the spring of 2016 for 2 years of field evaluations. Additionally, 3 selections from 2013 were initiated into tissue culture to propagate disease free plants for more extensive trials. Also in 2015, 31,400 plants of NY02-56 were distributed to 24 grower members of the NYSBGA and the Ontario BGA for on farm trials. NY02-56 is a very large, late mid-season selection with bright red color, good flavor and firm flesh with a red interior. Growers will report on commercial performance in 2016. The first selection distributed through this partnership, NY01-16, was evaluated by growers in 2015. Evaluation reports submitted by the grower testers were very positive compared to standard cultivars in NY. Within the germplasm evaluation and enhancement part of the program, 3 day-neutral and 10 short-day (June bearing) strawberry varieties are being evaluated for their utility in NY in the annual plasticulture system. In raspberry, traditional breeding for temperate climates and high tunnel production continues with the goals of increasing yield and fruit size, improving fruit quality and extending the fruiting season including the elimination of the floricane/primocane gap in the late summer. Approximately 9,000 seedlings were under evaluation in 2015 with 4,400 additional new seedlings established. Advanced selections are in trials in MA, CA and NY as well as Spain and Mexico. Traditional breeding in black raspberry has focused on two main goals, primocane fruiting and thornless canes. Additional goals include increased yield and fruit size, upright growth habit and improved disease resistance. Sources for thornless canes include Joan Squire and Glen Ample red raspberry. Primocane fruiting sources include wild black raspberry germplasm and the red raspberry varieties Joan Squire and Autumn Bliss. In 2015, approximately 3,500 seedlings were under evaluation in this program. An additional 1,900 were established in 2015. Multiple selections with improved primocane fruiting were made in 2015 and are being propagated via tissue culture. Propagation of true strong primocane black raspberry varieties will require tissue culture due to the lack of tips for rooting and the lack of sucker production. Selections from the program of Dr. Chad Finn, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR are being evaluated for adaptation to NY field conditions. The primocane fruiting black raspberry variety 'Niwot' from the program of Pete Tallman in Colorado is also under evaluation under tunnels and in an open field site. A new trial of black raspberry was established in 2014 under high tunnels to test variation of training systems and planting density. As part of the trial, 7 thornless black raspberry selections, 1 purple selection and 1thorny black selection from the breeding program were included to compare to standard varieties in their fruit quality, growth habit and disease resistance, especially powdery mildew resistance.
Publications
- Type:Journal ArticlesStatus:PublishedYear Published:2015Citation:Weber, Courtney A. and Cheryl D. Galvani. 2015. Field Performance of Black Raspberry Cultivars in Western New York. J. Amer. Pom. Soc. 69(2):109-115.
- Type:Journal ArticlesStatus:PublishedYear Published:2015Citation:Weber, C.A. 2015. Performance of New Berry Varieties at the NYSAES in Geneva, NY. New York Fruit Quarterly. 23(4):5-9.
Progress 10/01/13 to 09/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: The target audience included growers, students, extension educators and researchers. Specifically, the members of the New York State Berry Growers Association, the North American Raspberry and Blackberry Association, the National Coordinating Committe-212 for Small Fruits and Viticulture, and the North American Strawberry Growers Associations as well as non-member growers in NY, mid-western, northeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Researchers and extension staff from Cornell and other leading institutions with programs in berry production, breeding and/or processing were also targeted. Graduate and undergraduate students at Cornell and elementary students from the Geneva, NY school system have also been provided information regarding berry breeding, production and nutritional content of berries in workshops and open houses. Changes/Problems:Nothing ReportedWhat opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Nothing ReportedHow have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Empire State Producers Expo January 22, 2014. Effects of planting date and plant type on day neutral strawberry production. 55 attend. 25 m. Mid-Ohio Growers Meeting. January 9-10, 2014. Strawberry and bramble varieties-which one fits my farm. 1hr. 100 attend. North Street Elementary School Summer Science Camp, Geneva, NY. July 16, 2014. 3 hr. 14 attend. Cornell Small Fruit Open House. October 3, 2014. Berry variety question and answer. 60 attend. 15 min. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? The new trial of black raspberry established in 2014 under high tunnels to test variation of training systems and planting density will be harvested for the first time including the selections from the breeding program and evaluated for fruit quality, growth habit and disease resistance, especially powdery mildew resistance. In red raspberry and black raspberry selections from 2014 will be propagated for field and tunnel trials to compare fruit quality, grow habit and disease resistance to standard varieties. The breeding program will be further by establishing 100 new populations in the field. Approximately 5000 new raspberry seedlings will be established in the field for evaluation over the next 3 years to select potential new varieties. Additionally, approximately 2000 strawberry seedlings will be established to for evaluation over the next 2 years to select potential new varieties. New crosses will be planned and carried out in the spring of 2015 to produce seedling populations with traits that will fulfill the goal of the project.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Traditional breeding continues with a focus on matted row strawberry production in temperate climate zones. Additionally, selection and trials have increasingly included production in perennial a plasticture system. In 2014, approximately 2700 seedlings were under evaluation and an additional 2300 seedlings were established for evaluation. Also in 2014, 17,500 plants of NY01-16 were distributed to 12 grower members of the NYSBGA. NY01-16 is a very large, early season selection with very good, aromatic flavor. The fruit color is dark red with red flesh. Growers will report on commercial performance in 2015. Additional selections are being prepared for this program. The seedlings were evaluated during the fruiting season for fruit quality characteristics and yield potential and 29 seedlings were selected for trials and/or as parent plants for future generations. These plants were propagated from runner tips and will be planted in test blocks in the spring of 2015 for 2 years of field evaluations. Additionally, 3 selections, 1 from 2009, 1 from 2011 and 1 from 2012, were initiated into tissue culture to propagate disease free plants for more extensive trials. Plant patents were awarded for 2 short day (June-bearing) varieties in 2014, PP #24613 for ‘Herriot’ and PP #24612 for ‘Walker’ (marketed by Burpee Seed Co. under the ‘Purple Wonder’ trademark.) Within the germplasm evaluation and enhancement part of the program, 10 day-neutral strawberry varieties are being evaluated over 3 seasons with 4 different planting dates during the year for their utility in NY in the annual plasticulture system. In 2012, 4 replicated trials were established, 2 in the spring with bare root plants and 2 in the summer with plug plants. The first trial was planted on April 27, 2012 with 7 day-neutral varieties (Evie 2, Portola, Tribute, Albion, Monterey, San Andreas and Seascape) and 6 short day varieties (Jewel, Ventana, Seneca, Ovation, Chandler and Clancy). The second trial was planted May 23, 2012 with the same varieties. The first summer planting was planted on July 16, 2012 and the second on August 14, 2012. The same varieties were planted in this trial. The plugs were made from bare root crowns by trimming the roots and planting them into 50-well 2-inch plug trays approximately 6 weeks prior to planting. All 4 plantings were carried over through a second winter into 2014 to evaluate the survivability and performance of the varieties in a second production year. In the day neutral varieties, very few plots had enough plants to warrant harvest (<50%) and many plots had no survival. In the first 2 plantings of bare root plants planted in early spring in which the 1st harvest was in the planting year, no plots survived for harvest. In the plots established with plug plants in the summer, only Tribute (7 of 8) and Seascape (3 of 8) had plots with high enough survival to harvest. The short day varieties fared better than the day neutral varieties. Ovation was the clear leader in survival with plots from all planting dates and plant types having 100% survival (16 of 16 plots; bare root and plug plants). Seneca (3 of 8) and Chandler (3 of 8) were the only other 2 varieties from the early bare root plots with adequate survival in some plots. The plots established with plug plants in the summer survived the second winter in much better condition. Ovation and Seneca had the highest survival (8 of 8) followed by Jewel (7 of 8), Clancy (5 of 8), Chandler (3 of 8) and Ventana (1 of 8). Yields in the second season varied widely and only Ovation, Jewel and Seneca had meaningful harvests, mainly due to high survival. Data from the initial trial were used to plan crosses to develop populations likely to produce new strawberry varieties suitable for temperate climates with a short summer. Seed from multiple crosses was germinated and the seedlings included in the spring 2014 seedling planting. For raspberry the development of productive, high quality raspberry varieties for cold climate areas strengthens local economies and enhances the local food movement. Cornell varieties currently allow from growers in NY to produce raspberries from mid-June to November by utilizing varieties with varying production seasons and protected production systems like high tunnels and/or rain shields. Varieties are being developed with larger, better tasting fruit with longer shelf life to allow growers to access a wider market for their fruit. Traditional breeding for temperate climates and high tunnel production continues with the goals of increasing yield and fruit size, improving fruit quality and extending the fruiting season including the elimination of the floricane/primocane gap in the late summer. Approximately 18,000 seedlings were under evaluation in 2014 with 3,800 additional new seedlings established. Advanced selections are in trials in MA, CA and NY as well as Spain and Mexico The seedlings were evaluated during the fruiting season for fruit quality characteristics and yield potential and 95 seedlings were selected for trials and/or as parent plants for future generations. These include 51 primocane fruiting red genotypes, 5 floricane red types and 39 black/purple types. Ten of the black thornless selections from 2013 and 2014 have been initiated into tissue culture for propagation of disease free plants for trials. Additionally, 6 primocane red raspberries from 2010, 2013 and 2014 were initiated into tissue culture for propagation of disease free plants for trial. In 2014, 23 of the 2013 selections were propagated and established in field plots to compare fruit quality, grow habit and disease resistance to standard varieties. Plant patent #24,811 P3 was awarded for ‘Double Gold’ (NY04-25) (apricot color) in 2014 and plant patent #24,949 P3 for ‘Crimson Night’ (NY03-56) (burgundy color). These are primocane/everbearing selections that were released in April 2012 primarily for the homeowner market. Both are very high flavor berries with atypical color for the commercial market. ‘Double Gold’ is a blushed variety with medium sized fruit that tends to be soft with outstanding flavor. It produces a late primocane crop and a heavy floricane crop. ‘Crimson Night’ produces large, attractive, very dark red to burgundy colored fruit with a low acid flavor that is very good. The flavor frozen is outstanding. ‘Double Gold’ and ‘Crimson Night’ are available from North American Plants, Awald Farms, Burpee Seed Co. and other mail order companies. Traditional breeding in black raspberry has focused on two main goals, primocane fruiting and thornless canes. Additional goals include increased yield and fruit size, upright growth habit and improved disease resistance. Sources for thornless canes include Joan Squire and Glen Ample red raspberry. Primocane fruiting sources include wild black raspberry germplasm and the red raspberry varieties Joan Squire and Autumn Bliss. In 2014, approximately 7,200 seedlings were under evaluation in this program. An additional 2,400 were established in 2014. Selections from the program of Dr. Chad Finn, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR are being evaluated for adaptation to NY field conditions. The primocane fruiting black raspberry variety ‘Niwot’ from the program of Pete Tallman in Colorado is also under evaluation under tunnels and in an open field site. A new trial of black raspberry was established in 2014 under high tunnels to test variation of training systems and planting density. As part of the trial, 7 thornless black raspberry selections, 1 purple selection and 1thorny black selection from the breeding program were included to compare to standard varieties in their fruit quality, growth habit and disease resistance, especially powdery mildew resistance.
Publications
- Type:Journal ArticlesStatus:PublishedYear Published:2014Citation:Bassil, N., Gilmore , B., Hummer, K., Weber, C., Dossett, M., Agunga, R., Rhodes, E., Mockler, T., Scheerens, J.C., Filichkin, S., Lewers, K., Peterson , M., Finn, C.E., Graham, J., Lee, J., Fernndez-Fernndez, F., Fernandez, G., Yun, S.J. and Perkins-Veazie, P. 2014.GENETIC AND DEVELOPING GENOMIC RESOURCES IN BLACK RASPBERRY. Acta Hort.(ISHS) 1048:19-24