Muqaddam Pdf Download

[Peppin Kishore]

Asper the Persian records of medieval India, muqaddams, along with khots and chowdhurys, acted as hereditary rural intermediaries between the state and the peasantry.[1] Originating during the Delhi Sultanate, the earliest known reference to the muqaddami system dates from the first decades of the 13th century, when Hasan Nizami wrote of a delegation of muqaddams offering gifts to Sultan Qutb ud-Din Aibak.[2] Muqaddams were tasked with revenue collection in the areas under their jurisdiction, for which they received either 2.5% as remuneration or rent-free land equalling that amount.[3] The socio-economic status of muqaddams varied over time; during the revenue reforms of Alauddin Khalji, many were impoverished due to the abolition of their traditional privileges. However, in other periods the muqaddams "were prosperous enough to ride on costly Arabi and Iraqi horses, wear fine clothes, and behave like members of the upper classes".[4] Over time, muqaddams and chowdhurys took on the characteristics of landed gentry in their respective localities, with some even attaining the status of Zamindars during the Mughal period.[5] Muqaddams could be dispossessed of their status by the state.[6]

Above are the words made by unscrambling M U Q A D D A M (AADDMMQU).Our unscramble word finder was able to unscramble these letters using various methods to generate 35 words! Having a unscramble tool like ours under your belt will help you in ALL word scramble games!

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UQDMAADMDMUQAADMUADADMQMDDAUAMQMQMAUDDAMUDQAMDAMDQAUDMAMUAQADDMMDMDUAAQMQAUMDDAMUDAQADMMDADMQAUMUMDADAQMUQMDAADMMUAQADDMDAUMAQDMADDAQMUMQAMDAUDMDUAADQMMDMQUADAMAUDMQDAMQUADDAMMUMAAQDDMADUDAMQMAMUDAQDMUAMDDAQMUDAMDQAMUQDDAMAMDAUDAMQMAAQUMDDMAQDMDUAMQDAUDAMMMQAAUDDMDDMQAUAMMDUAADQMQAUDAMDMDQUAADMMQUDAMDAMDDUAQMAMDQAUMADMQDAMUDAMQAUAMDDMMAUQDADMDMADUQAMAMDQDAUMQAADDUMMDUMQAADMAADMUDQMDMAAUDQM

Muqaddam the village headmen during the Sultanate period. The government dealt with the peasants through the Muqaddams. In some places Muqaddam was called Mukhiya. During the rule of Sher Shah, Muqaddams were held responsible for commission of offences in the villages and they had to produce offenders under penalty and were remunerated in cash, land grants and a share in the produce. In the days of sher shah and Islam Shah, muqaddams used to protect the limit of their own villages lest any thief or robber or enemy might injure a traveler and so be the means of their destruction and death. During this time the police system produced some order though the degree of inland security. Sher Shah was the first Muslim ruler of India to provide a level of security to life and property.

The muqaddams of the Sultanate changed in to the chaudhuris or Rai or khut of the Mughal period. Though the term seems to have been discarded in official records, it continued to be used in the countryside of certain provinces during the fist two decades of the twentieth century for addressing an important villager. This time the Chaudhuris became the headmen of the villages. [Nasrin Akhter]

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