Table of Contents Alert: EMBO reports, Vol. 21, No. 12, 03 December 2020
EMBO reports
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EMBO reports Volume 21, Issue 12 03 December 2020 |
On the cover: The zebrafish thyroid gland atlas. In this issue of EMBO Reports, Pierre Gillotay, Sabine Costagliola, Sumeet Pal Singh and colleagues show single‐cell analysis of thyrocyte diversity ‐ the molecular atlas of the zebrafish thyroid gland. Image credit: Sabine Costagliola and Sumeet Pal Singh.
Opinion
Free AccessWhen we increase diversity in academia, we all win
Shina Caroline Lynn KamerlinEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51994 | First Published: 20 November 2020
Increasing diversity in academia is not just a matter of fairness but also improves science. It is up to individual scientists and research organisations to support underrepresented minorities.
Free AccessBlack scientists matter
Howy JacobsEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51926 | First Published: 15 November 2020
Most people agree that ethnic minorities are generally under‐represented in science. But is there anything that can be done to correct this injustice and who should do it?
Open AccessDiscussions on the quality of antibodies are no reason to ban animal immunization
René Custers, Jan SteyaertEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51761 | First Published: 12 November 2020
Debates about the source of antibodies and their use are confusing two different issues. A ban on life immunization would have no repercussions on the quality of antibodies.
Science & Society
The dichotomy of yield and drought resistance: Translation challenges from basic research to crop adaptation to climate change
Menachem MoshelionEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51598 | First Published: 29 November 2020
Global climate change and the increasing human population require crop varieties with higher yield and draught resistance. But meeting both goals is not an easy task for breeders and plant science.
A short history of guide RNAs: The intricate path that led to the discovery of a basic biological concept
André SchneiderEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51918 | First Published: 01 December 2020
This year’s Nobel prize for the CRISPR/Cas system is an illustrative example of how scientific breakthroughs rests on preceding work: the discovery of guide RNAs in the 1990s.
Open AccessExclusion or exemption from risk regulation?: A comparative analysis of proposals to amend the EU GMO legislation
Tomasz Zimny, Dennis ErikssonEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51061 | First Published: 29 November 2020
The EU Court of Justice’s decision that gene‐edited plants should be regulated as GMOs triggered various proposal to amend the EU Directive on the release of GMOs in the environment.
Understanding the human language processor: Neurobiology’s insights into the human brain’s semantic processing of information could inform education and therapies for language disorders
Philip HunterEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e52028 | First Published: 01 December 2020
Brain imaging and research on bilinguals and patients with speech disorders is helping to unravel semantic processing – the way how the brain interprets and stores sentences and stories.
News & Views
Supercomplex formation boosts respiration
Fabian den Brave, Thomas BeckerEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51830 | First Published: 03 December 2020
Two recent studies reveal functional roles of mitochondrial supercomplex formation in yeast and zebrafish.
Hepatocyte ploidy modulation in liver cancer
Andrew W DuncanEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51922 | First Published: 25 November 2020
Polyploidy is common in the liver and can protect the organ from tumor formation. A study in this issue identifies the PIDDosome as a polyploidy sensor that regulates liver cancer.
IRE1‐mediated miRNA maturation in macrophage phosphoinositide signaling
Tony Avril, Eric ChevetEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51929 | First Published: 03 December 2020
IRE1’s endoribonuclease activity is known to promote the unconventional splicing of XBP1 and the degradation of miRNAs. A study in this issue of EMBO Reports shows that IRE1 directly promotes the maturation of miR‐2137 to regulate lipid metabolism in macrophages.
Reviews
Antibiotic resistance and persistence—Implications for human health and treatment perspectives
Markus Huemer, Srikanth Mairpady Shambat, Silvio D Brugger, Annelies S ZinkernagelEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51034 | First Published: 08 December 2020
Bacteria that survive antibiotics challenges are one of the greatest threats to human health. While antibiotic resistance has been well studied, the survival and re‐growth of fully susceptible bacteria, called antibiotic persistence, is less well understood. This review discusses the mechanisms and implications of antibiotic resistance and persistence.
Regulation and inhibition of the DNA sensor cGAS
Jonny Hertzog, Jan RehwinkelEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51345 | First Published: 05 November 2020
cGAS is an essential DNA sensor for the detection of many pathogens. This review discusses its regulation by cellular mechanisms, viral immune modulators and small molecules, and highlights new approaches of cGAS targeting.
Reports
Open AccessRespiratory supercomplexes enhance electron transport by decreasing cytochrome c diffusion distance
Jens Berndtsson, Andreas Aufschnaiter, Sorbhi Rathore, Lorena Marin‐Buera, Hannah Dawitz, Jutta Diessl, Verena Kohler, Antoni Barrientos, Sabrina Büttner, Flavia Fontanesi, Martin OttEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51015 | First Published: 05 October 2020
Mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes are found in various organisms, however their physiological function remains elusive. This study reveals that supercomplexes enhance mitochondrial electron transfer, resulting in increased competitive fitness.
Chemical targeting of NEET proteins reveals their function in mitochondrial morphodynamics
Diana Molino, Irene Pila‐Castellanos, Henri‐Baptiste Marjault, Nivea Dias Amoedo, Katja Kopp, Leila Rochin, Ola Karmi, Yang‐Sung Sohn, Laetitia Lines, Ahmed Hamaï, Stéphane Joly, Pauline Radreau, Jacky Vonderscher, Patrice Codogno, Francesca Giordano, Peter Machin, Rodrigue Rossignol, Eric Meldrum, Damien Arnoult, Alessia Ruggieri, Rachel Nechushtai, Benoit de Chassey, Etienne MorelEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e49019 | First Published: 12 November 2020
This study identifies the small molecule Mito‐C as an activator of mitochondrial fragmentation. Mito‐C suppresses dengue virus replication by counteracting virus induced mitochondrial fusion.
Influenza A viruses limit NLRP3‐NEK7‐complex formation and pyroptosis in human macrophages
Inês Boal‐Carvalho, Béryl Mazel‐Sanchez, Filo Silva, Laure Garnier, Soner Yildiz, Joao PPL Bonifacio, Chengyue Niu, Nathalia Williams, Patrice Francois, Nicolaus Schwerk, Jennifer Schöning, Julia Carlens, Dorothee Viemann, Stephanie Hugues, Mirco SchmolkeEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e50421 | First Published: 12 November 2020
Contemporary influenza A viruses limit pyroptosis and IL‐1β production in human macrophages by the expression of PB1‐F2. Via its C‐terminus PB1‐F2 binds to the pyrin and LRR domains of NLRP3 and locks it in its closed confirmation.
Free Access
HighlightSARS‐CoV‐2 evades immune detection in alveolar macrophages
Louise Dalskov, Michelle Møhlenberg, Jacob Thyrsted, Julia Blay‐Cadanet, Ebbe Toftgaard Poulsen, Birgitte Holst Folkersen, Søren Helbo Skaarup, David Olagnier, Line Reinert, Jan Johannes Enghild, Hans Jürgen Hoffmann, Christian Kanstrup Holm, Rune HartmannEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51252 | First Published: 28 October 2020
Alveolar macrophages produce interferons and activate interferon stimulated genes when challenged with influenza A virus or Sendai virus, but not when challenged with SARS‐CoV‐2, suggesting that its genomic RNA is undetectable for innate immune sensors.
N‐glycosylation of PD‐1 promotes binding of camrelizumab
Kefang Liu, Shuguang Tan, Wanjun Jin, Jiawei Guan, Qingling Wang, Huan Sun, Jianxun Qi, Jinghua Yan, Yan Chai, Zhongfu Wang, Chuxia Deng, George F GaoEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51444 | First Published: 15 October 2020
PD‐1 is a highly glycosylated receptor with a varied N‐glycan composition. The therapeutic antibody camrelizumab binds to the N58 glycan of PD‐1 and absent glycosylation results in decreased binding affinity and PD‐1/PD‐L1 blocking efficiency.
Open AccessAtg1 kinase regulates autophagosome‐vacuole fusion by controlling SNARE bundling
Saskia Barz, Franziska Kriegenburg, Anna Henning, Anuradha Bhattacharya, Hector Mancilla, Pablo Sánchez‐Martín, Claudine KraftEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51869 | First Published: 03 December 2020
Atg1 kinase regulates late steps in autophagy by controlling SNARE bundling and autophagosome‐vacuole fusion.
Articles
Single‐cell transcriptome analysis reveals thyrocyte diversity in the zebrafish thyroid gland
Pierre Gillotay, Meghna Shankar, Benoit Haerlingen, Eski Sema Elif, Macarena Pozo‐Morales, Inés Garteizgogeascoa, Susanne Reinhardt, Annekathrin Kränkel, Juliane Bläsche, Andreas Petzold, Nikolay Ninov, Gokul Kesavan, Christian Lange, Michael Brand, Anne Lefort, Frédérick Libert, Vincent Detours, Sabine Costagliola, Singh Sumeet PalEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e50612 | First Published: 03 November 2020
This study molecularly characterizes the zebrafish thyroid gland and surrounding structures at single‐cell resolution. It identifies the major cell‐types and potential cross‐talk and uncovers genetic heterogeneity in thyroid follicular cells.
Inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1 regulates phosphoinositide signaling lipids and macrophage growth
Syed Muhammad Hamid, Mevlut Citir, Erdem Murat Terzi, Ismail Cimen, Zehra Yildirim, Asli Ekin Dogan, Begum Kocaturk, Umut Inci Onat, Moshe Arditi, Christian Weber, Alexis Traynor‐Kaplan, Carsten Schultz, Ebru ErbayEMBO Rep (2020) 21: e51462 | First Published: 02 November 2020
miR‐2137 is a new RNA substrate of IRE1, the master regulator of the Unfolded Protein Response, and connects IRE1 to phosphatidylinositide‐derived signaling lipid metabolism and growth signaling.
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