Inaddition to being the first book-length history of the revolt that incorporates archaeological evidence as a primary source of data, this volume is one of a kind in its attempt to put these events into the larger context of Native American cultural revitalization. Despite the fact that the only surviving records of the revolt were written by Spanish witnesses and contain certain biases, author Matthew Liebmann finds unique ways to bring a fresh perspective to Revolt.
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Went into archery shop to purchase new bow for first time in 15 years, shot a couple different Hoyt and a Mathews and then the revolt xl. Everything about bowtech revolt xl was better. Hands down the best grip my hands have ever touched on a bow, smoothest draw cycle, best back wall and by far the most tunable. Left my local archery shop with tighter groups, more confidence, and a smile on my face! Keep up the outstanding work Bowtech!
I got back into bowhunting in 2017 at the age of 60 after retiring. My starter bow was a Diamond SB1 that had been incorrectly advertised by the retailer as going up to 31" in draw length, despite Diamond's website listing it correctly at 30". The next year I upgraded to a RealmX with a real 31" draw that fit me better, but I always thought it was a little too short for me. Finally, this spring (2023) I ordered a RevoltXL. Since I shoot LH'd it took a month or so before it came in, but my 1st impression was that, as smooth as I always thought the RealmX was, the RevoltXL was even smoother. At first, I left it at the 31" draw I was accustomed to, but a few weeks later I just had to try it at 31.5". That was better but I still felt I was not extending my bow arm fully, so a few weeks later I made the jump to 32". At 6'1.5" tall, a 32" draw might not be normal, but finally, I felt like I was shooting like I should. Both deer I shot this fall were hit exactly where I aimed so I couldn't be happier.
Started back into bow hunting last Spring ('22) after drawing a once-in-a "lifetime" Colorado Moose tag. I was so set on killing a Moose with a bow, that I also carried my bow during the "muzzle' season. Shot my Moose at 41 yards... First shot broke the front shoulder, and the second shot went through the heart...It piled up about 30 yds from my first arrow. The Bowtech Revolt XL is so easy to shoot. I admit, I did practice weekly, had great instructors and technical assistance in setting-up the bow for "big game", and that eventually made my dream hunt possible.
"This imaginative rumination on the representation of Haiti and the Haitian Revolution in film and in video games is the first attempt to show how cinema has neglected Haiti. . . . Sepinwall makes major contributions to film criticism as well as Haiti studies."
"The first author to center the Haitian Revolution on screen by exploring films and video games, Alyssa Goldstein Sepinwall analyzes the vexed question of why this revolution, one of the most important and impactful in history, is so underrepresented. Across ten chapters, Sepinwall discusses the meaning of this lack of representation and what it says about racism, denial, history, fear, power, and positionality. . . . Sepinwall underscores the necessity of going beyond the official archives in order to depict at once the absence and the presence of the Haitian Revolution in culture. Her non-traditional archives include tweets, game code, YouTube videos, personal interviews with independent filmmakers, and digital films."
"It is right to conclude as Sepinwall does that Haitian involvement in films about their history must be taken seriously. But such inclusivity has not been the motivation of major producers of entertainment outside the Caribbean, a region that has historically been given unfair treatment by outside portrayers. Indeed, there are few successful Hollywood films on any aspect of Caribbean history. To say this is due to a generalized racial prejudice and power inequities recognizes but one part of the problem. To see it more closely demands the sort of consideration found in Slave Revolt on Screen which makes a notable contribution to discussions on how the Haitian Revolution has been imagined."
"This imaginative rumination on the representation of Haiti and the Haitian Revolution in fil an in video games is the first attempt to show how cinema has neglected Haiti and even ignored heroic figures such Touissant L'overture , the slave revolts charismatic and most prominent leader . . .The book is much more important and scholarly than it's title and table of contents might suggest. Indeed in her careful dissection of the film Lydia Bailey (1952), which drew on the Haitian Revolution and the accomplishments of Touissant L'overture, and of how and why The Planet of the Apes (1969) provided a sad and demeaning contrast, Sepinwmall makes major contributions to film criticism as well as Haiti studies."
"This is a long-neglected area of Haitian Studies, and the analyses in this book break much new ground. I recommend it strongly as a key cultural, research, and analytical resource and for library purchase."
"Written in clear effective prose, this work is accessible by students and scholars alike. Her innovative methodology and willingness to tackle new media make this an excellent study for illustrating the relevance of history and historical analysis. As we live through a golden age of media production, this work offers an excellent argument for why some historical events do not make their way onto the screen."
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Observations and model simulations indicate that, after five twentieth century eruptions (Fig. 1b), precipitation was suppressed across the Sahel into Ethiopia and in the equatorial regions of Africa that feed the White and Blue Niles19. An ensemble of climate models (Methods section) forced by these eruptions (i.e., CMIP5 eruptions, Fig. 1b) shows a reduction in P-E (i.e., net water available for runoff) in NH monsoon regions during boreal summer (Fig. 2a). This results primarily from a weakening (rather than a shift) of the ITCZ, consistent with only one of these eruptions being extratropical (Katmai/Novarupta, Alaska, June 1912). A southward ITCZ shift is evident in the West Pacific and East Atlantic, and the response to individual eruptions may show larger shifts than the ensemble mean due to meridional asymmetries in the radiative forcing produced even by tropical eruptions13. Nevertheless, the ensemble mean P-E anomaly in central and eastern Africa shows no dipole structure indicative of a meridional ITCZ shift. Volcanically induced drying occurs primarily in the southern Nile watershed, and the P-E signal indicates that volcanically induced cooling did not sufficiently inhibit evaporation in the watershed to compensate for decreased rainfall (Fig. 2b). Integrated over the watershed, the simulated P-E reduction is only about 5% of the climatological mean, but observations show stronger drying than the models19; stronger drying may also occur after bigger tropical eruptions or extratropical eruptions inducing an ITCZ shift. Moreover, the largest five eruptions of the 20th century (examined in the above modeling) rank on average only 132nd among the 283 largest volcanic perturbations since 500 BCE27, thereby undersampling the variability of historical volcanic aerosol climate forcing, and motivating our study of historical volcanism using ice-core-based volcanic forcing reconstructions with long temporal span (i.e., Fig. 1b).
To thus examine the influence of historical volcanism, we employ summer flood measurements from the Islamic Nilometer, the longest-known annually recorded observational hydrological record, starting 622 CE28. We composite annual summer flood height values up to 1902 CE, when the Aswan Low Dam was completed, relative to eruptions with reconstructed NH forcing of
Our results demonstrate a systematic Nile flood suppression from historical eruptions using the multi-century Islamic Nilometer and earlier written records; we find this suppression consistent with theory and modeling of volcanic monsoon impacts. We further identify statistically significant associations between eruptions and the onset of hitherto poorly understood revolts in Ptolemaic Egypt, as well as the cessation dates of Ptolemaic interstate warfare with the great Near Eastern Seleukid Empire. We stress that care must be taken to avoid engaging in and propagating a recently resurgent environmental determinism when interpreting or assigning causality (particularly monocausality) to associations observed between environmental and societal phenomena39. Theoretical and empirical frameworks illustrate the intricacy of coupled human-natural (or socioecological) systems, in which an interplay of influences are seen to contribute to any given societal response to a climatic or environmental shock40,41,42,43,44,45. We thus interpret our results as identifying a role for volcanically induced Nile failure as a trigger for revolt in Ptolemaic Egypt, and a constraint on Ptolemaic interstate conflict, against a background of multiple interacting and enabling societal stressors, or primers. These include ethnic tensions between Egyptians and Greek elites30, 31, 35, growing demographic and fiscal pressures46, burdensome state taxation30, the mounting costs of large semi-permanent military mobilizations47, and increasing urban and export demand for drought-vulnerable free-threshing wheat48. We similarly interpret a correspondence between priestly decrees and eruptions as a state response to related instability, and interpret increased extra-familial land sales as symptomatic of multi-year socioeconomic stress from volcanically induced Nile failure.
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