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The Loop is PHP code used by WordPress to display posts. Using The Loop, WordPress processes each post to be displayed on the current page, and formats it according to how it matches specified criteria within The Loop tags. Any HTML or PHP code in the Loop will be processed on each post.
When WordPress documentation says "This tag must be within The Loop", such as for specific Template Tags or plugins, the tag will be repeated for each post. For example, The Loop displays the following information by default for each post:
You can display other information about each post using the appropriate Template Tags or (for advanced users) by accessing the $post variable, which is set with the current post's information while The Loop is running.
Be sure to include the call for the header template at the top of your Theme's templates. If you are using The Loop inside your own design (and your own design is not a template), set WP_USE_THEMES to false:
This example displays each post with its Title (which is used as a link to the Post's Permalink), Categories, and Content. It also allows posts in a category with Category ID '3' to be styled differently. To accomplish this, the in_category() Template Tag is used. Read the comments carefully to see what each part of the code is doing.
This example demonstrates how to hide a specific Category or Categories from being displayed. In this case, posts from Categories 3 and 8 are excluded. The example is different than the example above in that it makes a change to the query itself.
Note: If you use this example for your main page, you should use a different Template for your Category archives; otherwise, WordPress will exclude all posts in Category 3 and Category 8, even when viewing that Category Archive! However, if you want to use the same template file, you can avoid this by using the is_home() tag to ensure that posts from Category 3 and Category 8 will only be excluded from the main page:
First off, why would one want to use multiple loops? In general, the answer is that you might want to do something with one group of posts, and do something different to another group of posts, but display both groups on the same page. "Something" could mean almost anything; you are only limited by your PHP skill and your imagination.
In English (PHP types and people familiar with code speak can skip to below), the above would be read: If we are going to be displaying posts, then get them, one at a time. For each post in the list, display it according to . When you hit the last post, stop. The do stuff line(s), are template dependent.
An explanation for the coders out there:The have_posts() and the_post() are convenience wrappers around the global $wp_query object, which is where all of the action is. The $wp_query is called in the blog header and fed query arguments coming in through GET and PATH_INFO. The $wp_query takes the arguments and builds and executes a DB query that results in an array of posts. This array is stored in the object and also returned back to the blog header where it is stuffed into the global $posts array (for backward compatibility with old post loops).
Once WordPress has finished loading the blog header and is descending into the template, we arrive at our post Loop. The have_posts() simply calls into $wp_query->have_posts() which checks a loop counter to see if there are any posts left in the post array. And the_post() calls $wp_query->the_post() which advances the loop counter and sets up the global $post variable as well as all of the global post data. Once we have exhausted the loop, have_posts() will return false and we are done.
If you are finished with the posts in the original query, and you want to use a different query, you can reuse the $wp_query object by calling query_posts() and then looping back through. The query_posts() will perform a new query, build a new posts array, and reset the loop counter.
Another version of using multiple Loops takes another tack for getting around the inability to use have_posts() and the_post(). To solve this, you need to store the original query in a variable, then re-assign it with the other Loop. This way, you can use all the standard functions that rely on all the globals.
The best way to understand how to use multiple loops is to actually show an example of its use. Perhaps the most common use of multiple loops is to show two (or more) lists of posts on one page. This is often done when a webmaster wants to feature not only the very latest post written, but also posts from a certain category.
Set $my_query equal to the result of querying all posts where the category is named featured and by the way, get me one post only. Also, set the variable $do_not_duplicate equal to the ID number of the single post returned. Recall that the Do stuff line represents all the formatting options associated for the post retrieved.
Get all posts, where a post equals $do_not_duplicate then just do nothing (continue), otherwise display all the other the posts according to Do stuff. Also, update the cache so the tagging and keyword plugins play nice. Recall, $do_not_duplicate variable contains the ID of the post already displayed.
The end result would be a page with two lists. The first list contains only one post -- the most recent post from the 'feature' category. The second list will contain X recent posts (as defined in WordPress preferences) except the post that is already shown in the first list. So, once the feature post is replaced with a new one, the previous feature will show up in standard post list section below (depending on how many posts you choose to display and on the post frequency). This technique (or similar) has been used by many in conjunction with knowledge of the Template Hierarchy to create a different look for home.php and index.php. See associated resources at the bottom of this page.
If posts_per_page=2 or more, you will need to alter the code a bit. The variable $do_not_duplicate needs to be changed into an array as opposed to a single value. Otherwise, the first loop will finish and the variable $do_not_duplicate will equal only the id of the latest post. This will result in duplicated posts in the second loop. To fix the problem replace
The section on multiple loops is a combination of Ryan Boren and Alex King's discussion about the Loop on the Hackers Mailing List. The nested loops example was inspired by another discussion on the mailing list and a post by Nicolas Kuttler.
After creating a setup() function, which initializes and sets the initial values, the loop() function does precisely what its name suggests, and loops consecutively, allowing your program to change and respond. Use it to actively control the Arduino board.
The Loop extracts the data for each post from the WordPress database and inserts the appropriate information in place of each template tag. Any HTML or PHP code in The Loop will be processed for each post.
The Loop should be placed in index.php, and in any other templates which are used to display post information. Because you do not want to duplicate your header over and over, the loop should always be placed after the call to get_header(). For example:
In the above example, the end of the Loop is shown with an endwhile and endif. The Loop must always begin with the same if and while statements, as mentioned above and must end with the same end statements.
Using two loops with the same query was relatively easy but not always what you will need. Instead, you will often want to create a secondary query to display different content on the template. For example, you might want to display two groups of posts on the same page, but do different things to each group. A common example of this, as shown below, is displaying a single post with a list of posts from the same category below the single post.
Note that the regular loop in the example above has one difference: it calls wp_reset_postdata() to reset the post data. Before you can use a second loop, you need to reset the post data. There are two ways to do this:
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