The Immortals were first introduced in Highlander in 1986. The concept was created by screenwriter Gregory Widen who, according to Bill Panzer, producer of the Highlander franchise, "was a student at film school, and he wrote this as his writing class project. He was apparently traveling through Scotland on his summer vacation and he was standing in front of a suit of armor, and he wondered, 'What would it be like if that guy was alive today?' And that's where everything fell into place - the idea that there are Immortals and they were in conflict with each other, leading secret lives of which the rest of us are unaware."
In the Highlander universe, the origin of the Immortals is unknown. Panzer said, "We don't know where they come from. Maybe they come from the Source. It is not known yet what the Source actually is." An attempt to explain the origin of the Immortals was made in the theatrical version of Highlander II: The Quickening (1991), which revealed that Immortals were aliens from the planet Zeist. Yet this aspect was edited out of the director's cut of the film made in 1995, Highlander II: The Renegade Version, in which the Immortals are from Earth, but from a distant past. Neither of the two versions is mentioned in either later movies or the television series.
In story, Immortals themselves do not know where they come from, or for what purpose they exist. In Highlander, the Immortal mentor Ramrez, when asked by newly Immortal Connor MacLeod about their origins, answers, "Why does the sun come up? Or are the stars just pinholes in the curtain of night, who knows?"
Wherever they come from, the Highlander franchise assumes that there have always been Immortals on Earth, well before the beginning of recorded civilization. In Highlander, Ramrez's narrative started, "From the dawn of time we came; moving silently down through the centuries, living many secret lives..." and in Highlander: Endgame, Connor's narrative says, "In the days before memory, there were the Immortals. We were with you then, and we are with you now."
As a result, Immortals who live long enough develop strong fighting skills, usually passed down from teacher to student as Ramirez did with Connor in Highlander. Many Immortals can fight with all manner of weapons like axes, sickles, machete, and spears, but the most common weapon used is the sword. Consequently, Immortals are usually very fond of their weapons, and almost always have them at hand. The script of the Highlander: The Series pilot episode, The Gathering, says about Duncan MacLeod: "Seemingly out of nowhere MacLeod lifts a beautiful Katana Samurai sword. We can see that it is as familiar to him as a 38 Police Special would be to a cop. When he later gives a similar sword to Immortal, Felicia Martins, Duncan tells her, "Take good care of it. Make it a part of you. It may be the only friend you have." She later breaks the sword in a fight with Duncan.
Immortals play the Game in accordance with their personalities. Some, like Slan Quince, go head hunting full-time, while others only fight when they are challenged to defend their head and power. Immortals are free to play the Game or not and some even choose to "retire" for various reasons. Duncan MacLeod temporarily retired in 1872, after his wife and adopted son were murdered.[12] Some Immortals, like the pacifist Darius, and the epicurean John Durgan, attempt to retire from the game completely. Darius, who was a great general in Late Antiquity, retired permanently because he turned his back on war. Some retired Immortals choose to get on with their lives without carrying a sword, like Grace Chandel, but they are in particular danger of losing their heads. A safe option for Immortals who wish to retire from the Game is to live on Holy Ground. This provides safety from other immortals, but not necessarily from mortals as demonstrated by the Hunters attack on Darius.
The Immortals do not live as a united people, but are scattered around the world and across history. The only bond between them is an ancient set of oral traditions known simply as the Rules that are transmitted from teacher to student. Where the Rules came from and who determined their scope is unknown. The Rules are never enumerated, like a body of laws, but they are quoted according to the circumstances. They are taught to new Immortals by Immortal mentors (see below). The main Rules are:
Creative Consultant David Abramowitz stated, "When you do a show like this Highlander: The Series, what you do is you make up a lot of it as you go along. The fans used to ask, 'Do you know all the rules from the beginning?' and it's just like in life: You don't know any of the rules. You make them up as you go along and you try your best to be consistent and so that no one turns around, and says, 'Wait a minute, you're cheating!' Because that's one thing we didn't want to do. We didn't want to ever cheat."
The Rules also dictate that when one challenged another to combat, the two Immortals were supposed to duel one-on-one. For example, in "The Gathering", Slan Quince challenged Duncan MacLeod then was challenged by Connor MacLeod at the same time. He protested: "Not two against one!", Connor MacLeod answers, "Thanks, Slan. I know the rules. You and me. Now!"
This does not always happen and battles may be unfair. Examples of cheating include the group of Immortals who served under Immortal Jacob Kell in Highlander: Endgame and under Gavriel Larca in the Highlander: The Series episodeLittle Tin God. Other cheats may include Slan Quince's modified sword which fired a dagger from its hilt, and Zachary Blaine keeping a gun to slow down his adversaries.
If the Rules are interpreted strictly, once two Immortals begin dueling, no outside interference is permitted, even to save a friend or innocent. For example, Duncan warned Richie that if he engaged the vengeful Annie Devlin or the relentless Mako in a duel, Duncan will not intervene.
The Rules forbid Immortals from fighting on holy ground. Holy ground is defined as any land or building held sacred by any people or culture. Examples of holy ground include; Native American sacred lands, cathedrals, churches, chapels, cemeteries, monasteries, temples, and mosques. The interpretation of this rule has changed as the series progressed. While it is usually taken to forbid all forms of combat, in the episode The Road Not Taken, the Immortal Kiem Sun challenged Duncan to a friendly sparing match, interpreting this rule as forbidding them from doing actual harm to each other, rather than a flat ban on fighting. Duncan agreed, and the two engaged in a mock battle without consequences.
Highlander stated that the holy ground rule was a tradition. Highlander II: The Quickening called it the "Golden Rule". In the Highlander: The Series episode, The Hunters, Duncan MacLeod says, "Even the most evil of us wouldn't desecrate Holy Ground." In Unholy Alliance (1994), James Horton was threatened by Duncan MacLeod in the Dawson family crypt and said, "Holy ground, MacLeod! Shame on you... You're forgetting the rules. I tried to get Xavier [St. Cloud] to come but even he wouldn't kill here." In the episode, Little Tin God, Watcher Joe Dawson mentioned that according to legend, this rule was broken in AD 79, and a duel in a temple resulted in the destruction of Pompeii. In Highlander III: The Sorcerer, during a fight in a Buddhist shrine between Connor MacLeod and antagonist Kane, Connor's blade shatterd, and the power of the shrine was revealed to Kane. In Highlander: The Search for Vengeance, Colin MacLeod was struck by lightning for refusing to put down his sword inside Stonehenge.
Mortals, however, are not bound by the Rules; the Hunters (see below) beheaded Darius in his own church in Highlander: The Series. A practical result of this rule is that Immortals use holy ground as neutral territory on which they can meet each other without risking losing their heads. In Highlander, The Kurgan taunted Connor MacLeod in a church. When MacLeod became aggressive the Kurgan said, "Holy ground, Highlander! Remember what Ramirez taught you!"
Immortals wishing to retire from the Game often chose to live on holy ground. In Highlander: Endgame, Immortal, Kell may have disregarded this rule and slaughtered a group of Immortals that were hidden on holy ground called the Sanctuary. This idea caused some controversy among fans, which prompted the producers to eliminate the reference to the Sanctuary being on holy ground. In Highlander: The Source, The Guardian attacked Reggie on Holy Ground, though there is no obvious attempt to kill and the fight is short, following which Duncan attacked Methos, exclaiming that he did not care that it was holy ground. In neither case was there a beheading. Note:The events of The Source have been acknowledged by the actors and series head writer David Abramowitz as having been nothing more than a bad dream, and are not part of the overall continuity and are not considered canon.
When an Immortal is beheaded, there is a powerful energy release from their body which is called a Quickening. Lead Highlander: The Series actor Adrian Paul explains, "The Quickening is the receiving of all the power and knowledge another immortal has obtained throughout his/her life. It is like the receiving of a sacrament or a massive orgasm." The producers describe it so: "The power of the Quickening is the equivalent to a major electrical storm hitting -- windows explode, lights short circuit, it is almost as if the victorious Immortal is in the center of a lightning storm."[24]
This energy is absorbed by the Immortal who triumphed. Panzer explains that if "an Immortal is decapitated by something other than the sword of the Immortal he was fighting, ...what we thought was, as long as an Immortal is present, he gets the Quickening. If an Immortal is beheaded and there is no Immortal nearby to receive the Quickening, for example if the beheader is a mortal, then the Quickening dissipates."
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