Anvil 10+10

[Consuela Ellett]

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Anvil is a proprietary Clarke adulticide that offers superior performance for controlling mosquito populations in virtually all adult mosquito habitats. A workhorse product, Anvil formulations are products of choice for mosquito control programs conducting routine or emergency response mosquito control.

The active ingredient in Anvil is an IRAC Class 3A synthetic pyrethroid called Sumithrin, available exclusively to Clarke for public health mosquito control products. It emulates the naturally derived, botanical insecticides, known as pyrethrins, found in chrysanthemum flowers.

Sumithrin is photolabile, meaning that the molecule easily decomposes in the presence of sunlight. In the absence of sunlight, moderately rapid aerobic and anaerobic soil degradation occurs. The degradation byproducts are also non-persistent.

Anvil is applied in a manner that limits deposition in the treatment area, and applications will not pose a risk to healthy aquatic habitats. However, direct exposure to this product does present risk to some aquatic organisms. Please refer to the product label for specific organisms of concern and for application instruction designed to mitigate non-target risks.

After an Anvil application, trace amounts of Sumithrin will bind to and remain in the soil, and will not transport further into plants, through the soil column, or become concentrated in the bodies of living things (bioaccumulation).

The EPA has evaluated Anvil and determined that using it according to label guidelines, in residential areas, including in and around gardens and over non-organic agricultural crop areas, does not pose a significant risk to people or animals. Anvil has low mammalian toxicity.

Because of the manner in which Anvil is applied and the time of day it is applied, treatments should not affect beneficial, pollinating insects, like bees and butterflies. Anvil is applied in small droplets, which break down quickly in the environment. Since the product must hit a mosquito while it is in flight to have an effect, it is sprayed at night when mosquitoes are actively flying and when other insects, such as bees and butterflies, are not active. Residues within a treatment area are not toxic.

Anvil 10+10 is often the product of choice for aerial applications, whereas Anvil 2+2 is most typically applied by ground (truck, ATV, or backpack ULV systems). Please see the product labels for application rate guidance and other use information.

Anvil formulations are oil-based and require no excessive mixing, making it an applicator-friendly mosquito control product. The formulation is non-corroding to your application systems and has been optimized for performance through all standard ULV application equipment.

What is Anvil?
Anvil is the brand name for a line of adult mosquito control products that have been used with great success to help control adult mosquito populations for many years. Clarke introduced the EPA-registered Anvil brand of adulticides in 1997.

It is unclear how the PFAS are getting into the pesticides, and whether manufacturers are intentionally adding the chemicals, as opposed to accidental contamination from equipment used to manufacture or transport the pesticides.

The tests found PFAS in mosquito and tick control agent Mavrik Perimeter, made by Zoecon. Initial testing revealed PFAS in at least three other pesticides, although further analysis is required to confirm those results.

Not all PFAS found in the barrels made their way into the pesticide. For example, the agency detected more than 30 ppb of the compound PFBA in 55-gallon drums, but the chemical was present at only 0.23 ppb in tests of Anvil 10+10.

EPA says that compound was "created as the result of the fluorination process." Generally speaking, PFOA can also be created when other PFAS break down over time, and PEER has also speculated about whether the compound could be legacy contamination of equipment used in manufacturing the barrels.

EPA would not disclose the manufacturer of the barrels in question, but an agency spokesperson said it is "actively working with industry and trade organizations to raise awareness and set clear expectations for product stewardship."

Meanwhile, an FDA spokesperson said the department is working with EPA to learn "if there are any implications for the safety of foods" from the fluorinated barrels, while stressing that Anvil 10+10 is not approved for use on crops. EPA is also working with the departments of Transportation and Agriculture (E&E News PM, Jan. 15).

Bennett is particularly concerned that EPA is too laser-focused on PFAS coming from barrels. The new tests conducted by PEER revealed different PFAS compounds than were found in the Anvil 10+10 barrels, raising questions about whether the chemicals could be getting into pesticides through other means.

Megan Provost, president of Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment (RISE), which represents nonagricultural pesticide producers, said, "PFAS chemistry is not an active or inert ingredient in any pesticide formulation" made by members in her coalition.

When E&E News asked EPA whether the compounds could be used as inert ingredients such as propellants in pesticides, the agency acknowledged that some groups consider "man-made chemicals with at least one fully fluorinated carbon atom" to be part of the PFAS family. But after repeatedly stating that no PFAS are used as inert ingredients, the agency said currently registered pesticides contain no ingredients that have "structures or properties comparable to prominent PFAS," which would leave wiggle room for other, lesser-known compounds to be present in pesticides.

Colin Antaya, a legal fellow with the Conservation Law Center, noted that EPA nonetheless has "pretty sweeping powers" to take action on issues like PFAS in pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). EPA could cancel registrations for affected pesticides, he said, or issue a stop-sale. Such efforts could pair with steps the agency has already taken under the Toxic Substances Control Act through a subpoena to learn more about the HDPE barrels containing Anvil 10+10.

Meanwhile, states like Massachusetts are eyeing mosquito control reform. Identical bills introduced in both Bay State legislative chambers include sections targeting insecticides containing PFAS. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection spokesperson Ed Coletta said the state is closely monitoring the issue and "continues to evaluate products used for mosquito control activities."

In Maine, lawmakers introduced a bill in February that would bar aerial application of PFAS. That legislation would also require third-party analysis of a pesticide to reach a determination about PFAS content. Bennett of PEER noted that the language relies on PFAS being part of the "formulation" of the pesticide, however, meaning barrel contamination would not be covered.

This piece has been updated to reflect ongoing testing of one pesticide previously named in the story. Original testing of that pesticide yielded PFAS, but due to concerns about the accuracy of the test, that pesticide is undergoing further analysis.

Environmentally persistent chemicals discovered in an insecticide aerially sprayed in more than half of US states leached into the pesticide from plastic shipping containers, the Environmental Protection Agency says.

An assortment of toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) migrated into Anvil 10+10 from containers made of high-density polyethylene (HPDE) treated with fluorinated compounds and used to store and transport the pesticide, the EPA says. Anvil 10+10 is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used to control mosquitoes. It is sprayed in at least 25 states, according to the advocacy group Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER), which was instrumental in discovering the contamination.

Meanwhile, the agency issued a subpoena under the Toxic Substances Control Act seeking information from the company that applies fluorinated compounds to the HPDE containers used to store and transport Anvil 10+10. The EPA did not name the company.

The Mitutoyo 314-252-30 Digimatic V-Anvil micrometer measures the outside diameter of cutting tools such as taps, reamers and end mills with three flutes. The Mitutoyo Digimatic V-Anvil digital micrometer pointed spindle and V-Anvil delivers precise position for highly accurate measurements. The anvil and spindle are precision milled from hardened steel for lasting, accurate results. A ratchet-stop mechanism provides uniform pressure on a workpiece for precise, repeatable measurements. Measurements are displayed on an easy-to-read LCD readout.

(a) Schematic of subregions of a satellite granule. Each numbered area accounts for one-quarter of the area of the granule. (b) Size distributions of AE_Rain areas located within deep precipitating systems (the coldest TB11 of the PF 273 K). The abscissas are scaled by the accumulated frequency of a standard normal distribution. The ordinates are in logarithmic scales. Plotted this way, the observed distribution would be a straight line if it were lognormally distributed.

Annual climatology of MCS anvil clouds for calendar year 2007. Color shows percentage of area covered by anvil clouds associated with (a) small separated MCSs, (b) large separated MCSs, and (c) connected MCSs for each 5 5 grid.

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