Topsoe Ammonia Technology- Haldor Topsoe Radial flow reactor

[Ameya Ganme 11CHE1054]

This pdf describes the Ammonia synthesis Haldor topsoe radial flow reactor and converter types

• The advantages of using this reactor are:
  

1. 100% radial flow through catalyst bed which obtains low pressure and high conversionwith small size catalyst particle.
2. Avoids the dilution of converted gas by indirect cooling of gas in heat exchangers between the catalyst bed.
3. Due to radial flow, the catalyst bed is fully utilised.
4. Simple Temperature control.
5. Stable operation with great flexibility in operating range.

• There are three types of topsoe converters
  

1. The Topsoe S-200 converter:- It is two bed radial reactor. It has two versions.The first has a built-in-feed-effluent heat exchanger (lower heat exchanger) below the second catalyst bed allowing the heat of the reaction to be used for preheating the boiler feed water downstream the ammonia converter. The second version is designed without a lower heat exchanger, meaning that the outlet gas from the second bed will go directly to a boiler for production of highpressure steam.
2. The topsoe S-300 converter - This is newest reactor design amongst the three. The three catalyst beds offer a higher conversion of ammonia or alternatively a reduced catalyst volume compared to the S-200 converter, thus ensuring increased production or lower investment cost. 
3. The topsoe S-50 converter:- It is single bed radial flow converter, which is added downstream of the main converter to increase the ammonia conversion, and at the same time to improve the steam generation.

http://www.topsoe.com/business_areas/ammonia/~/media/PDF%20files/Ammonia/topsoe_ammonia_technology.ashx