Fertilizer grade Phosphoric acid production

[Sagar Udyavara_11CHE1001]

This pdf gives info about the various process technologies carried out to produce the acid, capital cost, energy consumption, etc. It gives us the hazards of the process and also the various new trends in developing the process. This pdf also gives info about the phosphoric acid plants in India, the capacity of each plant and the processes carried out by each plant in detail

[Vishwanath Dalvi]

Is there anything here that we have not covered in class?  Please mention that

[Sagar Udyavara_11CHE1001]

According to the pdf, the dihydrate process suffers from relatively low P2O5 recovery and low strength of acid. Some new processes which claim to overcome the drawbacks of the dihdrate process are hemihydrate-dihydrate process and dihydrate-hemihydrate processes. What are these processes and how do they claim to overcome the drawbacks of  dihydrate process??

Some facts from the pdf:

1) Limited quantity of phosphate rock available in India is of low grade and has poor grindability and reactivity properties due to which none of the plants in India utilize it to produce phosphoric acid. They use imported phospate rock which is more profitable to use than Indian phospate rocks. So where are the phospate rocks mainly imported from???

2) FACT(Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd)  Udyogmandal, Kerala set up in 1960 was the first commercial, wet phosphoric acid plant in India with an installed capacity of 8000 TPA of P2O5

MOC OF CONSTRUCTION:

1) Phospate rock handling  -  Concrete, Carbon steel

2) Digestors, Scrubbers - Rubber-lined steel, concrete with brick lining

3) Heat exchangers - Graphite