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Panarchy 2.0

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Trevor Watkins

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Nov 14, 2024, 7:09:43 AM11/14/24
to Individualist Movement
Read about the benefits of panarchy, a system based on the internet cloud. Highly recommended.

Trevor Watkins .. cSASI
bas...@gmail.com - 083 44 11 721 - www.individualist.one

Ron Weissenberg

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Nov 14, 2024, 11:30:43 PM11/14/24
to indivi...@googlegroups.com
For those (like me) who are unable to focus on lengthy articles or books, I used ChatGPT to summarise below.

Blockchain technology (coupled with off-grid power and non-terrestrial based Internet, like Starlink) is now sufficiently advanced to enable a Panarchy.
Issue though is fear. Very few blockchain technology adopters, and those that have are prone towards state control amd regulation, such as CBDC's.

Sad - fear of freedom always seems to Trump freedom from fear.

Ron


"Summary of "Panarchy: The State 2.0" by Aviezer Tucker

Main Idea: Aviezer Tucker advocates for replacing the traditional nation-state model with "panarchy" — a system of voluntary, non-territorial states that individuals can join or leave as they wish. This idea aligns with technological advancements, increased global mobility, and the inefficiencies of current territorial governance.

Background and Concept of Panarchy:
The current "Westphalian" model, which ties states to geographical borders and monopolizes violence and authority within those areas, no longer meets the needs of a globalized, digitally connected world. Panarchy, originally proposed by Belgian economist Paul Émile de Puydt, allows people to choose their governing entities independently of geography. This model, based on explicit social contracts, would enable competition between states for citizens, incentivizing political innovation and efficiency.

Benefits of Panarchy:

1. Enhanced Competition and Innovation: By allowing people to switch between governments, panarchy would drive states to improve services to retain "citizen-customers." States that perform poorly or ignore citizens’ needs could face extinction, similar to businesses in competitive markets.


2. Freedom of Choice: Inspired by Albert Hirschman’s "exit and voice" concept, panarchy would allow people to "exit" undesirable governments easily, pressuring states to improve without forcing citizens to emigrate physically.


3. Economic Mobility and Prosperity: Removing restrictions on movement would let individuals follow economic opportunities globally, potentially reducing global poverty by optimizing the distribution of human resources.


4. Human Dignity and Rights: Panarchy could address ethical crises, such as restricted immigration that has led to poverty and genocide. By decoupling residency from political affiliation, panarchy would reduce inequalities tied to birthplace and open access to better governance and services for marginalized populations.



Modern Technological Support: Advances in IT, cloud computing, and e-governance make panarchy feasible. For example, Estonia's "e-residency" program allows non-residents to access some of the state’s benefits. Similarly, private security and decentralized contracts via blockchain could enable non-territorial governance in areas like law, finance, and protection services.

Challenges and Moral Concerns: Critics may fear that panarchy could create stratified communities based on wealth, as wealthier individuals could select states with minimal welfare commitments. However, Tucker argues that a diverse customer base is necessary for security and that non-territorial states could offer low-cost basic services accessible to all.

Conclusion:
Panarchy offers a future where individuals select governments that best align with their values and needs, rather than being bound by geography. This system, while ambitious, could be facilitated by modern technology, potentially reducing poverty, inequality, and political conflict. Tucker envisions panarchy as a pathway to global cooperation, innovation, and human dignity in the digital era."

From: indivi...@googlegroups.com <indivi...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Trevor Watkins <bas...@gmail.com>
Sent: Thursday, November 14, 2024 2:09:25 PM
To: Individualist Movement <indivi...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: IM: Panarchy 2.0
 
Read about the benefits of panarchy, a system based on the internet cloud. Highly recommended.

Trevor Watkins .. cSASI
bas...@gmail.com - 083 44 11 721 - www.individualist.one

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Jim Powell

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Nov 15, 2024, 12:41:54 AM11/15/24
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Not panarchy but related in lower taxes

 

what is the lowest overall tax charged by a country?

ChatGPT said:

ChatGPT

The lowest overall tax burden in a country can be measured in different ways, such as the income tax rate, corporate tax rate, or total tax revenue as a percentage of GDP. Countries with low overall tax rates often have small governments and may rely on other sources of revenue, such as natural resources or tourism. Here are some countries known for having low overall tax burdens:

1. United Arab Emirates (UAE)

  • Personal Income Tax: There is no personal income tax in the UAE.
  • Corporate Tax: Historically, the UAE did not have a corporate tax, but this has changed for certain businesses. Starting in 2023, the UAE introduced a 9% corporate tax for companies with profits above AED 375,000.
  • The absence of personal income tax, low corporate tax, and a reliance on oil revenues make the UAE one of the countries with the lowest overall tax burden.

2. Bermuda

  • Personal Income Tax: There is no personal income tax in Bermuda.
  • Corporate Tax: No general corporate income tax, though companies pay fees based on their business activities.
  • Bermuda is known for its minimal tax system, relying heavily on taxes on goods, services, and land.

3. Monaco

  • Personal Income Tax: Monaco has no personal income tax for residents.
  • Corporate Tax: The corporate tax rate is less than 1% for businesses generating more than 25% of their revenue from activities outside Monaco.
  • Monaco is attractive to wealthy individuals because of its zero personal income tax and low corporate taxes.

4. The Cayman Islands

  • Personal Income Tax: There is no personal income tax.
  • Corporate Tax: No corporate tax, but there are various business license fees and import duties.
  • Like Bermuda and the UAE, the Cayman Islands relies heavily on fees and charges rather than a broad-based income or corporate tax system.

5. The Bahamas

  • Personal Income Tax: The Bahamas does not levy personal income tax.
  • Corporate Tax: Similarly, there is no corporate income tax in the Bahamas, but there are other forms of taxation, like VAT (Value Added Tax) and import duties.
  • The government funds itself through indirect taxes, such as VAT and customs duties, and not through personal or corporate income tax.

6. Saudi Arabia

  • Personal Income Tax: There is no personal income tax in Saudi Arabia.
  • Corporate Tax: Saudi Arabia has a 20% corporate tax on the profits of foreign-owned businesses, but the government has implemented various tax incentives to attract investment.
  • While there is no personal income tax, Saudi Arabia relies on revenue from oil and other industries to fund its government.

7. Qatar

  • Personal Income Tax: No personal income tax.
  • Corporate Tax: Corporate tax is 10% on profits, though there are exemptions for certain businesses (e.g., Qatari-owned companies).
  • Qatar, like the UAE, uses oil and gas revenues and other fees to fund its government, with low taxes on businesses and individuals.

8. Singapore

  • Personal Income Tax: Singapore has a progressive income tax system, but the top rate is 22% for income above SGD 320,000. The overall tax burden is relatively low compared to many other developed nations.
  • Corporate Tax: Singapore's corporate tax rate is 17%, but there are various exemptions and incentives that can lower the effective tax rate.
  • Singapore is known for being a business-friendly country with a low overall tax burden and excellent infrastructure.

9. Hong Kong

  • Personal Income Tax: Hong Kong has a low and simple tax system, with a maximum personal income tax rate of 17%.
  • Corporate Tax: The corporate tax rate is 16.5%.
  • Hong Kong is an attractive destination for businesses and professionals due to its low tax rates, lack of VAT or sales tax, and efficient tax system.

10. Switzerland

  • Personal Income Tax: Switzerland has relatively low personal income tax rates, but they vary by canton. The federal tax rate is 11.5%, and cantonal taxes can range from 0% to 30% depending on the region.
  • Corporate Tax: The federal corporate tax rate is 8.5%, but cantonal taxes can bring the total rate to 12% to 24%.
  • Switzerland is often seen as a low-tax haven in Europe, especially for high-net-worth individuals and businesses.

Other Countries with Low Tax Burdens:

  • Andorra: Personal income tax rates start at 5% with a maximum of 10%. Corporate tax is 10%.
  • Liechtenstein: Offers low taxes, with a corporate tax rate of 12.5% and personal income tax rates that are progressive but capped at 8%.

Key Takeaways:

Countries with the lowest tax burdens often do not rely heavily on income or corporate taxes. Instead, they use indirect taxes like VAT, customs duties, or fees for government services. Countries like UAE, Monaco, and the Cayman Islands stand out for having no personal income tax or very low corporate tax rates, which makes them attractive for individuals and businesses seeking low tax environments.

If you're looking for the lowest overall tax burden, it's clear that tax havens and resource-rich nations with minimal taxation systems tend to be at the top of the list. However, keep in mind that lower tax rates often come with fewer public services and infrastructure compared to countries with higher tax burdens

Gabri Rigotti

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Nov 15, 2024, 3:37:25 AM11/15/24
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Great to see this daily life AI usage, Ron ... it can and should be used for even the seemingly trivial requirements that we knee jerk to manually ... 👍👌



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" It is not the water in the fields that brings true development, rather, it is water in the eyes, or compassion for fellow beings, that brings about real development. "

—Anna Hazare

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