Citrus week - Part 3 - Setting the
challenges
Main cultivated and wild
citrus species in India
Each name is to be elaborated on, transcripted and validated by
native speakers. Synonyms in all languages of India will be matched so please start feeding the beast.
Informed arguments are welcomed
Bolded
names are the
currently accepted names (based on Tanaka & Mabberley) It is
evident that the new taxonomy introduces extra difficulties when
matching names. This is a very good reason
for not discarding the old names but to keep them as synonyms
whether legitimate or not as long as they carry the authority
name(s).
"Citrus reticulata var. crenatifolia" for example can be
meaningless if met for the first time out of the blue.
In blue I have given the
regions where each type of citrus is grown and the languages (in
parenthesis) which should have names for those citrus, but this is
not exclusive.
Citrus acida Pers. -> Citrus × acida
Pers. ->
Citrus
× aurantifolia (Christm.)
Swingle
Citrus acida Roxb. ->
Citrus × aurantifolia (Christm.)
Swingle
Citrus assamensis S.
Dutta
& S.C. Bhattach.
Specific common names: Ada-jamir
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus aurantifolia Swingle ->
Citrus × aurantiifolia
(Christm.) Swingle
Specific common names: Abhayapuri lime, Karimganj lime, Kagzi
lime
Commercial cultivar names: Kagzi lime, Vikram,
Pramalini, Sai sarbati, Baramasi
All India
Citrus aurantium Linn. ->
Citrus × aurantium L.
Specific common names: Kmrun-jamir, Godh Huntra Herale, Mole
Kaipuli
All
India
Citrus grandis Osbeck
->
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
Specific common names: Dowali, Nowgong Burni, Gagar, Zemabawk
Aijal
Commercial cultivar names: Chakotra, Gagar
All India
Citrus ichangenis Swingle
->
Citrus cavaleriei H. Lév. ex
Cavalerie
Specific common names: Ketsa Shupfu
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus indica
Tan.
Specific common names: Indian wild orange
N.E.
India (Assamese,
Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus jambhiri Lush. ->
Citrus ×
jambhiri Lush.
Specific common names: Soh-myndong, Soh-jhahlia, Kata Jamir,
Mithi, Mitha Tulia, Jambheri Kotangiri, Renuka lemon,
Jatti Khatti, Jullandhuri Khatti, Jambheri Kodur, Khatta Patiala,
Jambhiri Local, Moogu
Nimbe
All India
Citrus karna Raf. ->
Citrus × aurantium L. 'Karna'
Specific common names: Soh-sarkar, Nibu, Karna Khatta,
Karna, Karna nimboo
N.E.
India & W.
India
Citrus latifolia Tan. Acid lime (Large fruits)
->
Citrus ×
latifolia Tanaka
Commercial cultivar names: Kagzi
(Tamil)
Citrus latipes
(Swingle) Tanaka
Specific common names: Khasi papeda, Soh-kymphorshrich,
Soh-Shyrkhoit
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus limetta Risso ->
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck 'Limetta'
Specific common names: Italian lime, Mediterranean sweet
lemon, Sweet lemon, Sweet lime, Sweet limetta, Mitha-kagzi
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus limettioides Tan. ->
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck 'Indian Lime'
Citrus medica L. var.
limetta Wight & Arn.
(a synonym?)
Specific common names: Indian lime, Sweet lime (India), Mitha
nimbu, Sakka nimbu, Sarbati chikna
N.W. India (Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi)
Citrus limon Burm.f. ->
Citrus
× limon (L.)
Burm. f. ? ->
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck (Mabberley class.)
Specific common names: Assam lemon, Pati-lebu, Jora-tenga,
Naya changney, Soh-systong, Pani-jamir
Commercial cultivar names: Baramasia,
Assam lemon, Gandhraj, Seville, Nepali Oblong, Nepali lemon, Italian
and Eureka
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
"Assam lemon" is not Citrus assamensis as one would
expect but Citrus limon - Please confirm / validate..
Citrus limon var. decumana
->
Citrus maxima (Burm.)
Merr.
Specific common names: Soh-long, Hill lemon, Galgal or
Kil-Kil
N.E.
India & W. India
Note: This is probably a
totally illegitimate name. 2 illegitimate synonyms are know for
this "taxon" Citrus aurantium L. var. decumana L. and Citrus decumana L. In any case Citrus × limon 'Galgal' appears to be the correct name for Galgal. (please
confirm / validate)
Citrus limon var limon (citron hybrids)
->
Citrus
× limon (L.)
Burm. f.
Specific common names: Gandhraj lemon, Godhapti-lebu,
Kata-jamuri, Elachi-lebu
All India
Citrus limonia Osbeck ->
Citrus ×
limonia
var.
rangpur Osbeck
->
Citrus ×
jambhiri Lush. 'Rangpur'
Specific common names: Rangpur lime, Marmalade orange, Kusai
lime, Sylhet lime
N.E. India
& Central India
Citrus limonum Wall.
->
a synonym of Citrus × limonum Risso
? -> Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck
????
Specific common names: Kaghzi lemon,
Mahajambiram,
Peddanimba, Periya elumicham, Thorla limbu .
This one I cannot
resolve.
Citrus macroptera Mont.
Specific common names: Tith-kara, Sat-kara
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Sat kora, Xat xora, Hat khora (
Sylheti is the
language of Sylhet,)
(Sylheti: ছিলটী Silôṭi;
Bengali: সিলেটী Sileṭī)
Citrus maderaspatana hort. ex Tan. ->
Citrus × aurantium L. 'Kitchli'
Specific common names: Kichli,Vadalapudi,
Belladikithuli
Commercial cultivar names:
Kichli,Vadalapudi, Belladikithuli
South India - Andra
Pradesh (Telugu, Urdu)
Citrus madurensis Lour. ->
Citrus × microcarpa Bunge
Specific common names: Calamondin
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus decumana L. -> Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck
->
Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.
Specific common names: Batavi nebu, Cakotara, Pomelo, Pummelo
(US), Shaddock, Toranji, Asian grapefruit
not to be confused with
Grapefruit Citrus × paradisi Macfadyen
Citrus medica L.
Specific common names: Bira-jora, Soh-manong, Mitha-jora,
Yemekaipuli, Citron
All
India
Citrus medica L. var. limonum (Wight &
Arn.)
Hook. f.
->
Citrus ×
limon (L.) Osbeck (see above)
Citrus megaloxycarpa Lush.
Specific common names: Bor-tenga, Hukma-tenga, Holong-tenga,
Jamir-tenga, Amilbed
N.E.
India (Assamese,
Bengali, Manipuri)
Citrus nakoor Singh
Specific common names: Nakoor lemon, Nakoor lime
South India
नकूर नीबू Nakūra nībū ???
Citrus nobilis Lour. ->
Citrus reticulata Blanco
Specific common names: Jeneru-tenga
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali,
Manipuri)
Citrus paratangerina
hort. ex Tanaka
(small fruited mandarin) Chota, Laddu, Sylhet Billikichili,
Karpura Tenga, Naga santra, Kodaikithuli, Kokni, Soh-seim
(
Citrus reshni Tanaka)
Cleopatra
mandarin is the chota or billi kichili of India.
N.E. India &
Parts of India
Citrus pennivesiculata (Lush.) Tanaka
Specific common names: Gajanimma, Baduvapulli
Commercial cultivar names: Gajanimma,
Baduvapulli
South India (Kannada, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu)
Citrus pseudolimoni
Tanaka ->
Citrus × limon (L.) Osbeck 'Galgal'
Specific common names: Galgal lemon, Hill
lemon.
Citrus reticulata
Blanco
Specific common names: Nagpur mandarin, Khasi mandarin, Coorg
mandarin, Sohniamtara, Lahore local,
Deshi, Darjeeling
mandarin
Commercial cultivar names:
Nagpur mandarin, Khasi mandarin, Coorg mandarin, Kamala orange,
Darjeeling-orange and Kinnow
All India
Citrus reticulata var. crenatifolia
->
Citrus crenatifolia Lush.
Specific common names: Kaula
mandarin
N.W. India (Gujarati,
Marathi, Punjabi)
Citrus rugulosa hort.
ex.Tanaka
Specific common names: Attani small, Indian
grapefruit
N.W. India (Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi)
Citrus semiperflorens Tan.
->
Citrus semperflorens Lush.
Specific common names:
Sadaphal
Parts of India
Note: there is a Citrus semperflorens Lush
known as Sadaphal - Tanaka's name could be misspelt - .!
Citrus sinensis
Osbeck ->
Citrus
× sinensis (L.)
Osbeck
Specific common names: Soh-niangriang
Commercial cultivar names: Malta,
Mosambi, Sathgudi and Washington Navel. All belonging to the:
Citrus ×
sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Sweet-Orange Group)
Assam Santra, Coorg Santra, Nagpur Santra and Sikkim orange. All
belonging to the:
Citrus ×
sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Loose-skinned Orange Group)
N.E. India (Assamese, Bengali, Manipuri)
সাতকরা Sātakarā
(Assamese) -> (
Citrus macroptera
var.
assamensis )
is this a synonym of
Citrus assamensis S. Dutta &
S. C. Bhattach. ?
a misspelling of
Citrus macroptera Montrouz. var.
annamensis
Tanaka ?
or a papeda from Assam ?
Compiled mainly from the
following sources:
Bhattacharya &
Dutta
1956;
Singh 1977;
Singh &
Chadha 1993. In
H.P. Singh's Genetic Diversity,
Breeding and Utilization of Citrus Fruits. PART III: PGR
Conservation and Use - Germplasm introduction, exchange, evaluation,
improvement, conservation and utilization. Tropical Fruits in Asia -
Diversity, Maintenance, Conservation and Use. IPGRI
. <
http://www2.bioversityinternational.org/publications/Web_version/510/ch06.htm
>.
Jorma Koskinen, 2006 - 2011,
Citrus Pages.
< http://users.kymp.net/citruspages/botindex.html
>.
Porcher H. Michel,
2007 - 2011, Sorting Citrus names, M.M.P.N.D. <
http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Citrus.html
>.
The major stumbling
block is that the languages have to be guessed, and given the
unreliability of transliterations it is extremely difficult to
convert those names into correctly spelt words in their original
scripts. So one has to rely on other references in order to find
both scripted names and their romanised forms, and hope that some
will match the above mentioned names.
That dear readers should keep us busy not just during Citrus
week but for the coming months.
Informed arguments are welcomed
Thank you.
On Saturday, May 5, 2012 7:14:47 AM UTC+10, OZmic wrote: