Solanaceae member

[Satish Phadke]

Flowering last few days.
A Solanaceae member Herb.Growing wild near Hanuman Tekdi. Pune
Height 4 feet.
No thorns/prickles.
Leaves 4-5 cm ovate not lobed.
Flowers white 1cm or less.
Fruits sherical green turning to Purple black.Less than a cm.
Regards
Dr Phadke

[Pankaj Kumar]

Solanum nigrum!
Pankaj

--
***********************************************
"TAXONOMISTS GETTING EXTINCT AND SPECIES DATA DEFICIENT !!"

Pankaj Kumar Ph.D. (Orchidaceae)
Research Associate
Greater Kailash Sacred Landscape Project
Department of Habitat Ecology
Wildlife Institute of India
Post Box # 18
Dehradun - 248001, India

[tanay bose]

Solanum nigrum commonly known as "Kakamachi"

Tanay

--

Tanay Bose

Research Assistant & Teaching Assistant.
Department of Botany.
University of British Columbia .
3529-6270 University Blvd.
Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 (Canada)
Phone: 778-323-4036 (Mobile)

            604-822-2019 (Lab)

ta...@interchange.ubc.ca

[Gurcharan Singh]

Strongly reflexed calyx in ripe black fruit, smaller shining fruits both point to S. americanum.

-- 
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ 

[Gurcharan Singh]

Resurfacing again for ID confirmation

Earlier feedback

Pankaj ji & Tanay..........................................Solanum nigrum

Me..............................................................Strongly reflexed calyx in ripe black fruit, smaller shining fruits both point to S. americanum.

-- 
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ 

[Mahadeswara Swamy]

It is Solanum nigrum, a commom weed in  South India.  I have seen  plenty around Mysore city.  It is commonly called 'ganike gida' in Kannada. The plants are also sold as greens 'ganike soppu'- higly medicinal value, especially for  mount ulcers, redishness of ulcers due to vitamin deficiency.  Fruits are edible (ganike hannu) and cherished by children / everyone.  There are varieties with red fruits. --- On Mon, 25/10/10, Gurcharan Singh <sing...@gmail.com> wrote:

[Gurcharan Singh]

Mahadeswara ji

This is what we all used to think earlier. The red or orange fruited form is a distinct species Solanum villosum. In black fruited forms we have some with smaller shining black fruits as S. americanum and one with larger dull black fruits the true S. nigrum.

-- 
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ 

[J.M. Garg]

Earlier feedback

Pankaj ji & Tanay ji..........................................Solanum nigrum
Singh ji..............................................................Strongly reflexed calyx in ripe black fruit, smaller shining fruits both point to S. americanum.
Mahadeswara ji............................................    It is Solanum nigrum, a commom weed in  South India.  I have seen  plenty around Mysore city.  It is commonly called 'ganike gida' in Kannada. The plants are also sold as greens 'ganike soppu'- higly medicinal value, especially for  mount ulcers, redishness of ulcers due to vitamin deficiency.  Fruits are edible (ganike hannu) and cherished by children / everyone.  There are varieties with red fruits.         
Singh ji..........................................................Mahadeswara ji, This is what we all used to think earlier. The red or orange fruited form is a distinct species Solanum villosum. In black fruited forms we have some with smaller shining black fruits as S. americanum and one with larger dull black fruits the true S. nigrum.

 

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Satish Phadke <drsmp...@gmail.com>
Date: 3 October 2010 13:54
Subject: [efloraofindia:49287] Solanaceae member
To: indiantreepix <indian...@googlegroups.com>

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The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise): http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J.M.Garg. You can also use them for free as per liberal licensing conditions attached with each image.

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Google e-group- Efloraofindia:http://groups.google.co.in/group/indiantreepix (more than 1420 members & 52,000 messages on 26/10/10 & with a database of around 4200 species on 30/9/10)

[Pankaj Kumar]

SOURCE: wikipedia

American nightshade can be confused with a variety of other related
nightshades. Here is a quick guide for differentiating between
species.

American nightshade (Solanum americanum)
The undersides of its hairy leaves are not reddish-purple. The berries
are speckled with white until it is fully ripe and turns black.

Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)
Berries are purple or dark green and dull. They are almost completely
exposed (very small calyx).

Eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum9
The undersides of the leaves are reddish purple and the berries are dark.

Hairy nightshade (Solanum villosum)
Berries are light green or yellow when ripe and the leaves are so
hairy that they may feel sticky.

With this info on wikipedia I think I would still prefer to go with
Solanum nigrum as I dont find hairs on the lower surface of leaf,
though the picture is not good and secondly I will consider those
bracts as small and fruits completely exposed.

Regards
Pankaj

[Gurcharan Singh]

Both Flora of Taiwan and Flora of China differentiate the two black fruited species like this:

S. americanum:  fruiting calyx strongly reflexed; fruit mostly less than 8 mm across, shiny.

S. nigrum: fruiting calyx mostly applied to the berry, berry dull, 8-10 mm across

To my knowledge calyx in S. americanum is shorter than S. nigrum

These links should help

Solanum americanum:

http://delta-intkey.com/solanum/images/sol_ame_3850.jpg

http://delta-intkey.com/solanum/images/sol_ame_3846.jpg

http://www.hear.org/starr/images/image/?q=010520-0074&o=plants

Solanum nigrum:

http://www.homeopathyandmore.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3651

http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Evolutionary_Ecology_Research/Ecology_of_Cumberland_Plain_Woodland/woodland_plants/solanum_nigrum

http://b-and-t-world-seeds.com/carth.asp?species=Solanum nigrum&sref=5674

-- 
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ 

[Dr Pankaj Kumar]

From the fruits I cant make out in the picture, but the second picture
the link of which you have attached as Solanum americanum is not
americanum but nigrum.
http://delta-intkey.com/solanum/images/sol_ame_3846.jpg
I assume rest of the pictures of americanum are associated with the
same plant.
Pankaj

[Pankaj Kumar]

I will try to differentiate between Solanum nigrum and Solanum
americanum in next few posts. Please bear with me.

[Pankaj Kumar]

Solanum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. 1: 186. 1753.

Type: Lectotype - Herb. Linn. No. 248.18 (LINN)
Designated by: Henderson in Contr. Queensland Herb. 16 : 19 (1974)

The protologue says:
caule inermi herbaceo, follis ovatis dentato-angulatis, unbellis nutanibus

This means:
Stem unarmed herbaceous, leaf ovate dentate angular, umbell nodding.

Regards

[Pankaj Kumar]

Solanum americanum Mill. Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 5. 1768

Unfortunately, I couldnt find any type for this.
Phillip Miller describes Solanum americanum in latin and then at the
same time he described it in english as:
Nightshade with an herbaceous unarmed stalk, oval, acute pointed,
smooth leaves and erect umbels. Aamerican Nightshade like the common
sort with small purplish flower and smaller black berries.

In the same book on previous page serial number 1, he described
Solanum nigrum in latin as well as english as:
Nightshade with herbaceous unarmed stalk having ten angles and nodding
umbels. Common Nightshade of the shops with black berries.

[Pankaj Kumar]

My issue here is, I see all the flowers as nodding, which is one of
the main characters for Solanum nigrum alongwith other features as
described in above two mails.

Plz Note: In one of the above mails I have wrongly labelled one of the
image as Protologue of Solanum indicum, it is actually Solanum nigrum.

Regards
Pankaj

[Gurcharan Singh]

I don't think the nodding flowers are unique to S. nigrum. Most specimens S. americanum from authentic sources show nodding flowers and fruits.  I have no reason to doubt these and eFlora of China and Taiwan. Above all S. americanum is commonly known as glossy nightshade because of shining fruits. 

Here are images from reputed sources:

1. Solanum species of Eastern Australia at http://delta-intkey.com

http://delta-intkey.com/solanum/www/american.htm’  (the images of plant and fruit are from this site only

2. Plants of Hawaii   

http://www.hear.org/starr/images/species/?q=solanum+americanum&o=plants

3. Missouri plants:  http://www.missouriplants.com/Whitealt/Solanum_americanum_page.html

4. Calphotos

http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?where-genre=Plant&where-taxon=Solanum+americanum

-- 
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ 

[Gurcharan Singh]

These photographs were uploaded by Satish Phadke ji on October 3, 2010
from Hanuman Tekdi. There was a long discussion between me and Pankaj,
wherein I considered it as S. americanum (formerly the two were
considered as distinct species) because of smaller flowers, shining
black berries and mainly erect peduncles and pedicels, and Pankaj ji
calling it as S. nigrum. Now perhsps this question in not important
because the two species are now considered as synonymous, with S.
americanum as the accepted name.

I am as such forwarding these photographs again.

--
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297 Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/

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[Gurcharan Singh]

The attachment from older post was not successful, so I am forwarding the link for your perusal

https://groups.google.com/group/indiantreepix/browse_thread/thread/555201f792720249?hl=en

-- 
Dr. Gurcharan Singh
Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/ 

[Ritesh Choudhary]

Its really very interesting to go through this discussion sir! I
learnt a lot. Thanks to you and Pankaj for putting lot of efforts.

Best regards,
Ritesh.