Regarding subspecies Google AI gives these differences:
Rumex dentatus subsp. nigricans and subsp. dentatus are infraspecific taxa of the highly variable Rumex dentatus (Toothed Dock) species. They differ primarily in their geographical distribution and subtle morphological features of the inner tepals (valves). Subsp. nigricans is generally recognized as a distinct, often geographically specific race, while subsp. dentatus (sometimes associated with subsp. callosissimus) typically features distinct tubercles and specific valve teeth lengths.
Key differences include:
Taxonomic Status & Distribution: Both are recognized as distinct subspecies within the R. dentatus complex. Rumex nigricans Hook.f. is considered a synonym for R. dentatus subsp. nigricans.
Morphological Distinctions: While both have 3-4 teeth on their valvesR. dentatus subsp. dentatus is characterized by inner tepals that are 3–4 × 2 mm, acute, with tubercles covering nearly the entire lamina. The teeth on subsp. dentatus are often shorter than the width of the valve.
Variation:Rumex dentatus is notoriously polymorphic, with seven or more geographical races across Europe, Asia, and Africa, making precise identification based solely on vegetative characteristics difficult without analyzing mature fruits (valves).
Both are annual or biennial herbs preferring similar, often moist, habitats.