Confusion between Calyptocarpus vialis and Synedrella nodiflora solved (for me atleast)-GSSEP05/123

[Gurcharan Singh]

Confusion between Calyptocarpus vialis and Synedrella nodiflora solved (for me atleast).
I was lucky to find both on same day in Bangalore and appreciate crucial differences between two.

Perhaps no two plants are as confused by most of us as these two. Many differentiate the two by prominent three veins from base, but they occur in both although thinner in Calyptocarpus. Heads of two look similar, involucre bracts of Calyptocarpus are 4 in two whorls, In Synedrella they range from 2-5 and may be in one or two whorls. Achenes are with two diverging awns in Calyptocarpus, in Synedrella most florets (disc) have similar 2-awned achenes although few (fertile ray) have achenes with scales (which you are likely to miss. 
Here are features which will never fail you
1. Calyptocarpus has low growing, procumbent to ascendin, mat forming habit often rooting at nodes, rarely rising more than 15 cm, Synedrella tall erect habit up to 80 cm tall .
2. Leaves the most crucial are not longer than 3 cm, pale green, thinner, 
faint 3 basal vein and broadly ovate. In contrast leaves of Synedrella are longer than 3 cm, dark green in colour, more prominent basal veins and ovate to elliptic in shape.
3. All heads in Synedrella are in sessile clusters, but in Calytocarpus there are always a few on long peduncles bearing solitary head, in addition to several sessile in cluster. 
Here are some photographs for illustration. 

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Phone: 011-25518297  Mob: 9810359089

http://www.gurcharanfamily.com/ 
http://people.du.ac.in/~singhg45/

[Dinesh Valke]

Thank you very very much Gurcharan ji for this clarity.

Will check my uploads at flickr and eFI soon and do any necessary correction.

Regards.

Dinesh

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[Shruti Shah]

Thank you very much Sir, for clear the confusions.

[Jitendra Gavali]

Thanks a lot Gurucharan sir. i used to wonder for elongated stalk of inflorescence, in some Synedrella! but i was looking Calyptocarpus- which was not taught to me.

Wonderful experience!

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Dr. Jitendra Gavali

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[J.M. Garg]

In Dinesh ji's post at Synedrella nodiflora :: Yeoor Hills, part of SGNP :: 29 DEC 19 , one can see a few flowering heads on long peduncles. So the following portion of the key has to go away:

"All heads in Synedrella are in sessile clusters, but in Calytocarpus there are always a few on long peduncles bearing solitary head, in addition to several sessile in cluster"

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With regards,
J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia. 

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[Gurcharan Singh]

Here are characters I have uploaded on Facebook Groups last month

Calyptocarpus vialis: prostrate perennial herb, rooting at nodes; leaves ovate, 2-4 cm long; heads usually solitary on up to 15 mm long peduncle; heads 6-7 mm long, achenes 3-4 mm long, oblanceolate, with two spreading awns in ray florets as well disc florets.

Synedrella nodiflora: erect or ascending annual herb; leaves elliptic, 3-10cm long, heads usually 2-4 together, sessile or subsessile; heads more than 1 cm long; achenes dimorphic, those of disc florets like Calyptocarpus vialis but narrower, those of ray florets with triangular scales.

I don't find any distinctly pedunculate head in Dinesh ji's upload, they may be subsessile.

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.

Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[Gurcharan Singh]

Based on above discussion and comparative images I think the upload by Thingnum Girija as Synedrella nodiflora is actually Calyptocarpus vialis, upload by Dinesh ji is alright.

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[J.M. Garg]

Thanks, Singh ji.

Pl. see the last image by Dinesh ji at Synedrella nodiflora :: Yeoor Hills, part of SGNP :: 29 DEC 19

[Dinesh Valke]

Thank you very much Gurcharan ji and Garg ji for validation.

Regards.

Dinesh

[Dinesh Valke]

Gurcharan ji ... the last image at that Garg ji requests you to see in my post: Synedrella nodiflora :: Yeoor Hills, part of SGNP :: 29 DEC 19 is clickable and will lead to photopage in flickr. Further clicking on the photo on that page will zoom it and you will be able to pan the photo for details.

Regards.

Dinesh

[Gurcharan Singh]

Dinesh ji

I think you may have to re-asses your images from Yeor Hills. Whereas your image on Flowers of India seems alright, the images here show ray florets on longer stalks, plus longer peduncle as pointed out by Garg ji. Both eFlora of China and eFlora of North America  clearly mention sessile to subsessile heads in this species. Yours does not look like Calyptocarpus vialis as leaves are clearly different, more like Synedrella nodiflora.  

Dr. Gurcharan Singh

Retired  Associate Professor
SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007
Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018.
Mob: 9810359089

https://sing96.wixsite.com/mysite-1

[Dinesh Valke]

Thanks very much Gurcharan ji,

Yes, images from Yeoor Hills posted at Synedrella nodiflora :: Yeoor Hills, part of SGNP :: 29 DEC 19 are labelled as Synedrella nodiflora. It is just as you are asserting. I hope there is no confusion.

Regards.

Dinesh

[Tabish]

Thank you Gurcharan ji,

   You are right. The prostrate hairs on the leaves seen in the picture by Girija, is another indicator that it could rather be Calyptocarpus vialis. The species is corrected on the site now:

   http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Cinderella%20Weed.html

On the other hand, the two images sent by you to FOI, as Calyptocarpus vialis (attached here), appear to be  of Synedrella nodiflora.

   Best wishes

   Tabish

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