July2015sk17/19 -- small Euphorbiaceae herb

[surajit koley]

Noticed this small herb beside our kitchen drainage. There are 3 or 4 individual of this species, each having around 3 to 4 cm length. Unfortunately the other camera I have is now out-of-order!

I regret bad picture quality, but the plant itself has tiny flower and fruit. The features are, as far as I can make out of the attached photographs, (i) opposite sub-sessile leaves (ii) leaves are about 5mm in length (iii) leaf apex serrate.

It looks similar to http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/245933?sa=X&ved=0CBcQ9QEwAWoVChMI2eD7vIb5xgIVQYyUCh37Vgq6

Any probability?

Thank you

Regards

surajit koley

a non-botanist member of

efloraofIndia google group

[Tapas Chakrabarty]

From the photographs it appears that the plant is erect and ascending and not prostrate or procumbent. Please confirm this point. We will soon comment on it.  I am awaiting reply of Balakrishnan Sir.

In the mean time please take good photographs, collect a sample and press and dry it up in a news paper or blotter in such a manner that both surfaces of the leaves are visible.

Tapas.

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[surajit koley]

Sir,

Today I have photographed a few shot of the species again, one or two individual, each within 3 cm height is erect as can be seen in the first photograph. But the community (my assumption, I didn't disturb the herb) is decumbent aqs can be seen in the 2nd image.

I also attach herewith cropped part of two original pictures for the highest detail my camera could take.

The herb is growing in sandy soil, produced by debris of building materials like sand, concrete dust, small gravels etc. But the place is always damp.

Thank you

Regards

surajit koley

[Tapas Chakrabarty]

Please check whether it can be a form with stunted growth.

Your link leads on to Euphorbia cristata which it is not and the same has not been recorded from West Bengal so far.

I can not think of any other genus.

Tapas.

[surajit koley]

Sir,

I was also thinking of stunted growth, a stunted form of Euphorbia thymifolia L.?  Anurag or Dinesh Ji's threads are so different looking. that I thought it must be some other species.

In fact I failed to find any particular feature in my photographs. Instead, I searched matching images and discarded E. granulata, came across the similar looking image of E. cristata in 'indiabiodiversity' site!

Thank you

Regards

surajit koley

a non-botanist member of

efloraofIndia google group

[Tapas Chakrabarty]

This small herb seems to be interesting.  It is closely related to Euphorbia serpens, differing in the serrate margins of leaves, rounded to obtuse (rather than retuse) at apex.  I do not see the root primordia at the nodes which are usually present in E. serpens.  Further differences, if any, can be ascertained by examining the flowers and fruits under a microscope.

Superficially similar to E. cristata in its foliage but the whole plant (habit) is much smaller. with smaller, glabrous leaves, trinerved at base.

Further critical studies are therefore very desirable to establish its status.

Tapas.

[surajit koley]

Sir,

I do not have a simple microscope, have a compound one but do not know how to examine an entire flower under it. I will try to examine for more features with a magnifying glass and would inform you if I find any.

I request you to please examine and identify one my old thread of a different species - https://groups.google.com/d/msg/indiantreepix/Hzw2B7j5APk/OgYwHaTtkKgJ.

Thank you very much. It is always a learning session under your guidance.

Regards

surajit

[Tapas Chakrabarty]

Dear Surajit,

You need a binocular dissecting microscope.

The other thread is giving the identity of Euphorbia heyneana subsp. heyneana (syn. E. micorphylla B.Heyne ex Roth).  Your present plant is even closer to that but in that case the habit is prostrate and a cyathial stalk present.  Here I see clearly ascending or erect habit and no cyathial stalk is visible.

Regards,

Tapas.

[surajit koley]

Yes, Sir, this species (in this thread) is ascending or erect. The problem is cyathium is so small that my camera fails to produce detail. Since it is the flowering time of this species I will try to find it somewhere else so that we can conclude that it is a stunted or deformed state of a certain species.

Thank you very much.

Regards

surajit

[Tapas Chakrabarty]

For the time being, the following name may be assigned to it, although I am not satisfied but without further details it is impossible to clarify its status:

Euphorbia heyneana Spreng. subsp. nilagirica (Miq.) Panigrahi which has erect or or ascending habit and the same is an endangered endemic confined to the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu.

Tapas.

[surajit koley]

Thank you Sir. One earlier thread by Aarti Ji looks somewhat similar to species. Presently I mark it with E. heyneana.

Regards

surajit

[Tapas Chakrabarty]

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Nambiyath Balakrishnan <npba...@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, Jul 31, 2015 at 10:47 AM
Subject: Re: [efloraofindia:228201] July2015sk17/19 -- small Euphorbiaceae herb
To: Tapas Chakrabarty <tcha...@gmail.com>

Dear Tapas

This plant is definitely E. granulata Forssk. In this species leaves are sometimes serrulate and root primordia are sometimes not developed. It does fit into any other species.

Balakrishnan
31-07-2015

On 27 July 2015 at 01:33, Tapas Chakrabarty <tcha...@gmail.com> wrote:

Respected Sir,

This is similar to Euphorbia serpens in leaf shape and size but the margins are serrate and I do not see any root primordia. The leaves are much smaller that those of E. indica and E. cristata.

With kind regards,

Tapas.

On Mon, Jul 27, 2015 at 1:29 AM, Tapas Chakrabarty <tcha...@gmail.com> wrote:

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[surajit koley]

Sir,

I am grateful to you and Balakrishnan Sir.

Based on the webpage http://www.euphorbiaceae.org/pages/about_euphorbia.html I am trying to understand Euphorbia inflorescence. I am attaching a plate of this species. I can understand which one is capsule. Both Flora of China and Pakistan inform that in this species cyathium is single. Then what are those red-marked structures shown in the plate?

Thank you very much.

Regards

surajit

[J.M. Garg]

Forwarding again for any assistance in the matter please.

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With regards,
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'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'
The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

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[Nambiyath Balakrishnan]

Those red-marked structures appear to be glands of the involucre cup.

N.P. Balakrishnan
5-8-15

[surajit koley]

Thank you very much Sir. It appears to me that these glands do not have appendages, or if present appendages are very minute. Flora of British India recorded, "glands usually without a limb." It means limb of a gland is same as appendage of a gland. Please correct me if I am wrong.

I thank you once again as I thank Tapas Sir and Garg Sir for taking care.

Regards

surajit

[Nambiyath Balakrishnan]

Dear Surajit

In cyathia of Euphorbia, the glands sometimes do not have appendages (also called limbs by earlier authors).

Sometimes they are very minute. In most species of subgenus Chamaesyce the appendages are distinct, prominent and petaloid.

With regards,
N.P. Balakrishnan
6-8-2015

[surajit koley]

Sir,

I am very grateful to you for taking patience and care of my queries. I look forward to learn more on this family from you and Tapas Sir in near future.

Respectfully yours

surajit

Thank you

Regards

surajit koley

a non-botanist member of

efloraofIndia google group

[Nathan Taylor]

Forgive me sir, but I must respectfully disagree that this is E. granulata.  Note that the fruits are partially included within the cyathia at maturity.  This is the classic distinguishing characteristic of E. thymifolia.  The fruits of E. granulata are well exerted at maturity.  Furthermore, all the material of E. granulata I have seen have hairs that are straight and spreading, not appressed as in E. thymifolia.

Regards,

Nathan Taylor

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[J.M. Garg]

Forgive me sir, but I must respectfully disagree that this is E. granulata.  Note that the fruits are partially included within the cyathia at maturity.  This is the classic distinguishing characteristic of E. thymifolia.  The fruits of E. granulata are well exerted at maturity.  Furthermore, all the material of E. granulata I have seen have hairs that are straight and spreading, not appressed as in E. thymifolia.

Regards,

Nathan Taylor

---------- Forwarded message ---------
From: surajit koley <surajitno...@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 26 Jul 2015 at 21:04
Subject: [efloraofindia:228201] July2015sk17/19 -- small Euphorbiaceae herb
To: efloraofindia <indian...@googlegroups.com>

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With regards,
J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia. 

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 2,00,000 images are directly displayed on 30.8.19).

The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of India'.

[Nathan Taylor]

Just to clarify, this also includes fruits that appear exerted but come out near the base of the cyathium as in the case of the close-ups.  Some more typical examples can be seen in the cyathia on the right branch in the second photo.  The important characteristic is actually the length of the gynophore, which typically manifests itself by being partially included at maturity.  Sometimes the fruits do manage to escape from the involucre, but it is only by growing through a deep cyathial sinus on the side of the involucre making the fruit base appear as if it is adhered perpendicularly to the side of the cyathium rather than coming out the apex or curving through a relatively shallow cyathial sinus such that the fruit is either parallel or at an acute angle to the cyathium.

Regards,

Nathan Taylor

[Nambiyath Balakrishnan]

Dear All

This appears to be Euphorbia heyneana Spreng (syn.: E. microphylla B.Heyne ex Roth, non Lam.), common in wet grasslands throughout India.

N.P. Balakrishnan

6/12/2019

[J.M. Garg]

Thanks, Nathan ji.

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With regards,
J.M.Garg

'Creating awareness of Indian Flora & Fauna'

Winner of Wipro-NFS Sparrow Awards 2014 for efloraofindia. 

For identification, learning, discussion & documentation of Indian Flora, please visit/ join our Efloraofindia Google e-group (largest in the world- more than 3,000 members & 3,00,000 messages on 23.8.18) or Efloraofindia website (with a species database of more than 13,000 species & 3,00,000 images of which more than 2,00,000 images are directly displayed on 30.8.19).

The whole world uses my Image Resource of more than a thousand species & eight thousand images of Birds, Butterflies, Plants etc. (arranged alphabetically & place-wise). You can also use them for free as per Creative Commons license attached with each image.

Also author of 'A Photoguide to the Birds of Kolkata & Common Birds of India'.

[J.M. Garg]

Thanks, Balakrishnan ji