Skybox Manual

[Florene Pothoven]

InUnity, a skyboxA special type of Material used to represent skies. Usually six-sided. More info

See in Glossary is a Material that uses a skybox ShaderA program that runs on the GPU. More info

See in Glossary. For information on what skybox Shaders are available, see skybox Shaders.

Note: Each skybox Shader has its own set of prerequisite Textures that differ in number and Texture formatA file format for handling textures during real-time rendering by 3D graphics hardware, such as a graphics card or mobile device. More info

See in Glossary. For information on the Textures a particular skybox Shader requires, see the documentation for that skybox Shader. You can find the list of skybox Shaders and their documentation on the skybox Shaders page.

After you create a skybox Material, you can render it in your SceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info

See in Glossary. To do this:

This draws the skybox in the background of every CameraA component which creates an image of a particular viewpoint in your scene. The output is either drawn to the screen or captured as a texture. More info

See in Glossary in your Scene. If you instead only want to draw the skybox for a particular Camera, see Drawing a skybox for a particular Camera.

If your Skybox includes a sun, moon, or other light in it, set up a Directional Light that points in the same direction as the light. This makes it appear as though the light in your skybox creates shadows in your Scene. If there are multiple Directional Lights in your Scene, you can choose which Directional Light the Skybox uses. To do this:

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In future we plan to add support for any type of texture for skybox source, so that you could directly use your jpg.

Unfortunately currently only cubemap textures are supported, so you need first to convert your jpg into a cubemap using an external tool.

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Skyboxes are backgrounds that create the illusion of space and distance. Typical skybox backgrounds include skies, clouds, mountains, and other scenery. As skyboxes are prerendered, they require little GPU and CPU.

Stride includes an entity with a background component in the project by default. Only one background can be active in a scene at a time. If there are multiple backgrounds, Stride only loads the first.

Instead of using a 3D skybox, you can display the texture as a static background. This displays the texture as a flat image that stays static no matter how you move the camera. This is often useful for 2D games.

The skybox in a video game is a cube that wraps around the entire scene and can render and display the entire scene environment very well. The Skybox can also contribute very important IBL ambient lighting the in PBR-based workflow.

After enabling the Skybox, it is also necessary to set the environment map, which is used to generate ambient lighting in the scene. Drag and drop the map asset into the Envmap property box of the Skybox component, or click the arrow button behind the Envmap property box to select the desired map asset. If not set, the Skybox will use and display pixel maps by default.

Select the imported texture asset, set the Type property to texture cube in the Inspector panel on the right, then click the green checkbox in the upper right corner to save the settings.

The setup is done. The developer can directly see the set environment map of the skybox in the Scene panel. If the map is not displayed correctly, check if the value of SkyIllum parameter is too low, or modify the Clear Flag of Camera.

The SkyIllum property can be found in the Ambient component of the Inspector panel by selecting the scene root node in the Hierarchy panel, with a default value of 20000.

If the environment map of the skybox is already displayed correctly in the Scene panel but still does not take effect after the project is run, you need to change the ClearFlags of the Camera component to SKYBOX:

Select all the six prepared texture assets in the Assets panel, and then set the Type property of these texture assets to texture in the Inspector panel, and click the green checkbox in the upper right corner.

Hemisphere Diffuse: when the Env Lighting Type options is HEMISPHERE_DIFFUSE, hemispheric light diffusion will be used. This method is controlled by the SkyLightingColor and GroundLightingColor properties in the Ambient component, and has higher rendering performance, but less detail and poor lighting directionality. The properties are manually adjustable, but may become inconsistent with the environment map.

Diffuse Convolution Map And Environment Reflection: when the Env Lighting Type options is DIFFUSEMAP_WITH_REFLECTION, the convolution map diffuse will be used. This method is advanced diffuse reflection, which can correctly express the diffuse lighting generated by environment map, with better lighting directionality and details. However, the convolution map in the DiffuseMap property is automatically generated for diffuse reflection and does not allow manual editing.

The comparison between the AUTOGEN_HEMISPHERE_DIFFUSE_WITH_REFLECTION and DIFFUSEMAP_WITH_REFLECTION is more obvious from the GIF belowwhen the Env Lighting Type is DIFFUSEMAP_WITH_REFLECTION The backlight is dark, highlighting the overall sense of layering, light and shade contrast details are also greatly improved.

NOTICE: When replacing the environment map in the Envmap property, Creator will automatically calculate the corresponding ambient lighting information, as well as the diffuse lighting (only CubeMap in the form of image files is supported, manually created CubeMap is not supported).

HDR (High Dynamic Range): High dynamic range, with photometric intensity of the lights and exposure parameters of the camera to achieve a more realistic level of contrast between light and dark. If this mode is used, the intensity of all lights (including parallel light, point light, spot light, etc.) will become photometric physical units and ambient light cube map should use HDR format images to provide a high dynamic range data source.

LDR (Low Dynamic Range): Low dynamic range. If this mode is used, the lights intensity becomes unitless and no longer has any connection to photometry or camera exposure. This mode is suitable for scenarios where you want the original map color to be reflected without any color tinting. Ambient light cube map can be done using images in formats such as PNG.

The default shader used for the skybox material is Assets -> internal/pipeline/skybox.effect, if you want to customize the material, you can refer to New Material to create a new material and select Custom Shader.

Use GGX BRDF lighting model to generate a pre-filtered reflection result for the environment map, which will take into consideration the effect of roughness and store the final result in Mipmap in order of roughness (roughness from 0 to 1, with Mipmap level 0 for roughness 0).

Since this algorithm takes into consideration the effect of roughness on the environment reflection (i.e., as roughness increases, the environment reflection becomes more blurred), it results in more realistic reflections for the PBR material.

The generated environment reflection convolution map will fill to the mipmaps for TextureCube, Sampling mipmap in the shader based on material roughness, thus providing a more realistic IBL effect, You can clearly see the comparison effect by the following GIF image.

This skyboxA special type of Material used to represent skies. Usually six-sided. More info

See in Glossary ShaderA program that runs on the GPU. More info

See in Glossary generates a skybox from six separate Textures. Each texture represents a view of the sky along a particular world axis. To illustrate this, think of the SceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info

See in Glossary as being inside a cube. Each Texture represents one of the interior faces of the cube and all six combine to create a seamless environment.

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