Hi Travis, it's been a long time since I've played with the Incanter (Jfree) charts, but I think what you want is a "categorical" type axis.
When I was using Incanter I spent a lot of time looking through the API:
Using Clojure's ability to access methods of an object-oriented API, you can cook up anything that is defined.
I created this repository many years ago:
Unfortunately I did not include a categorical style axis in the examples.
But you can get an idea on how to piece together a custom chart.
Regards,
Greg