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Rosaline Lathrop
These results suggest that declaring the relationship status publicly offers a small additional, independent predictive power of Interpersonal Jealousy scores beyond that contributed by control predictors. Therefore, the multiple regression results suggest that women, intensive Facebook users, and individuals who experience elevated love are more jealous. In addition to these effects, those who report their relationship status experience more jealousy compared to those who are in a relationship but do not indicate it on Facebook6.
According to Mathes and Severa (1981), the positive link between romantic love and jealousy is reasonable in stable relationships (in the present sample, the average length is more than 3 years). Individuals who feel strong romantic love are more sensitive to threats to their relationship in different contexts. Facebook is such a special social context, which facilitates the interaction with the ex-partners and potential rivals. Due to these characteristics, Facebook itself can undermine the stability of romantic relationships. On one hand, those individuals who feel intense romantic love toward their partner are more jealous in this context; on the other hand, for these very same reasons, they are more motivated to express their commitment on Facebook, in order to protect the relationship.
Based on the recent literature indicating that nonconscious behavioral mimicry is partly goal directed, three studies examined, and supported, the hypothesis that people who are involved in a romantic relationship nonconsciously mimic an attractive opposite-sex other to a lesser extent than people not involved in a relationship. Moreover, Studies 2 and 3 revealed that romantically involved persons tended to mimic an attractive alternative less to the extent that they were more close to their current partner. Finally, Study 3 provided preliminary support for a potential underlying mechanism, revealing that the effect of relationship status on level of mimicry displayed toward an opposite-sex other is mediated by perceived attractiveness of the opposite-sex other. The present findings suggest that behavioral mimicry serves an implicit self-regulatory function in relationship maintenance. Implications for both the literature on relationship maintenance and the literature on behavioral mimicry are discussed.
I hunted around and found thirteen (spooky number) beautifully romantic and spooky quotes from classic writings to put up on the blog--just in time for Halloween! Some are super romantic, some are creepy and some are just plain lovely. Enjoy and feel free to share them with friends.
P.S. Odile, Legend of the Black Swan is a great book to read this time of year. It definitely has a spooky romantic vibe to it. Get your copy of this haunting, dark, fantasy romance today!
Choosing love quotes for your wife to express your feelings with a card, meme, text, caption, or note can help you discover new ways to tell her how much she means to you. Beautiful, romantic, or sweet, the best love quotes say "I love my wife" in a genuine, heartfelt way. Whether you're a newlywed or coming up on your 25th wedding anniversary, loving quotes for your wife can help her realize just how much you treasure her.
When you want to let your wife know just how much you love her, a love quote about her is a wonderful way. You might use an "I love my wife" quote as a caption on your Instagram photos or as a creative way to show your relationship status on social media, too. Show off how proud you are of your wife with these adorable phrases.
Whether it's time to break out the red roses and champagne and celebrate a special occasion, or you just want to convey those romantic feelings to rekindle the spark in your relationship, romantic love quotes for your wife can make it a moment to remember. Choose a quote or two to send in a romantic text, share the message in a card, or even tell her these love lines face-to-face.
What factors determine whether or not a young adult will fall in love? Sociological surveys and psychological studies have shown that non-genetic factors, such as socioeconomic status, external appearance and personality attributes, are crucial components in romantic relationship formation. Here we demonstrate that genetic variants also contribute to romantic relationship formation. As love-related behaviors are associated with serotonin levels in the brain, this study investigated to what extent a polymorphism (C-1019G, rs6295) of 5-HT1A gene is related to relationship status in 579 Chinese Han people. We found that 50.4% of individuals with the CC genotype and 39.0% with CG/GG genotype were in romantic relationship. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the C-1019G polymorphism was significantly associated with the odds of being single both before and after controlling for socioeconomic status, external appearance, religious beliefs, parenting style and depressive symptoms. These findings provide, for the first time, direct evidence for the genetic contribution to romantic relationship formation.
In the 1980's, student romantic relationships were prohibited in Chinese universities. Nowadays such restrictions are long gone, yet many students (as many in American or European schools) stay single. What factors determine whether a young adult falls in love? Sociological surveys show that an individual's demographics and personal attributes, such as socioeconomic status and external appearance, partly determine dating opportunities1. Psychological research shows that personality traits, such as secure attachment orientation and optimism, are also crucial in romantic relationship formation2,3. Here we demonstrate that genetic variants also contribute to the formation of romantic relationships.
Given that the distribution of genotypes and the percentages of individuals in a relationship did not differ between male and females (p > .20, see Supplementary Materials Table S4), the following analyses were collapsed over gender. As Table 1 shows, we found that 50.4% of individuals with the CC genotype and 39.0% with CG/GG genotype were in a relationship. We combined CG and GG genotypes into one group due to the rare frequency of GG (5.7%) and because the likelihood for being single was extremely similar between the two genotypes. The CG/GG genotype was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being single as compared with the CC genotype, odds ratio = 1.59, 95% CI = [1.13, 2.24]. The chi-square test also showed a significant difference in the distribution of the genotype and relationship status, χ2 = 7.139, p = .008.
To make sure that the effect of genotype on relationship status survived even when we partialed out non-genetic factors such as the contributions of socioeconomic status, external appearance, religious beliefs, parenting style and depression, we collected data concerning parents' levels of education, parents' occupation, household income, average monthly expenditure, height, body mass index (BMI), religious beliefs, perceived mother's and father's parenting styles and depressive symptoms and entered them as control variables into the logistic regression (see Supplementary Materials ). The logistic model which included both genotype and control variables as predictors was more effective in predicting relationship status than the model which included only control variables, as revealed by the likelihood ratio test, χ2 = 6.314, df = 1, p = .012. The former model revealed a significant association between the C-1019G polymorphism and relationship status, B = .450, SE = .180, df = 1, Wald's χ2 = 6.249, p = .012, odds ratio = 1.569. The Nagelkerke R2 change index showed that 1.4% of the variance in the log odds of being single could be explained by the C-1019G polymorphism. To sensibly interpret the odds ratios of the polymorphism, we also examined whether the genotype interacted with the predictors that were significant in the logistic model10. No significant interactions were observed, all ps > .20.
Impact of the 5-HT1A C-1019G polymorphism on the predicted probability of being single after controlling for socioeconomic status, external appearance, religious belief, parenting style and depression.
Individuals carrying the G allele (CG/GG) of C-1019G polymorphism were more likely to be single than CC carriers. This is consistent with the finding that G allele carriers are less comfortable in close relationships with others9. Indeed, G allele carriers are more likely to develop neurotic personalities11 and psychiatric disorders such as major depression12,13 and borderline personality disorder14. As pessimism and neuroticism are detrimental to the formation, quality and stability of relationships3,15, this connection between G allele and psychological disorders might decrease carriers' dating opportunities or lead to romantic relationship failure. Given that the G allele is associated with higher expressions of 5-HT1A receptors13, the present finding is also consistent with animal studies showing that 5-HT1A receptor agonist inhibited affiliative behaviors6,8.
One should be cautious when interpreting the current finding given the following concerns. First, we examined the romantic relationship status of students in college, a time in which the participants may have strong intrinsic motivations to develop a relationship and are relatively free from family and social pressures to engage in such a relationship. Genetic influences on relationship formation can thus be revealed for this time window. One can imagine that, at least in the Chinese society, family and social pressures would force individuals to form romantic relationships as they get older making the contribution of genetic variation less easy to detect. Nevertheless, genetic variation may contribute to the intimate relationship in other ways, such as affecting attachment orientation9, perceived marital crisis16 and marital status16. It is for further studies to examine whether the polymorphism of the 5-HT1A gene has such contributions. Second, the recruitment of participants for this study was limited to senior university students who may have unique characteristics regarding things like income, free time, the probability of encountering members of the opposite sex, etc. When these characteristics are changed, for example, for same-age blue-collar workers in factories, it is not clear whether the association between the 5-HT1A gene and relationship status would still hold. It may be the case that under certain circumstances, the genetic contribution to romantic relationship formation could be overshadowed by other factors.
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