Rapid Review Biochemistry

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Argelia Long

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Aug 3, 2024, 5:08:59 PM8/3/24

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Get the most from your study time, and experience a realistic USMLE simulation with Rapid Review Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, by Drs. John W. Pelley, and Edward F. Goljan. This new reference in the highly rated Rapid Review Series is formatted as a bulleted outline with photographs, tables, and figures that address all the biochemistry information you need to know for the USMLE. And with Student Consult functionality, you can become familiar with the look and feel of the actual exam by taking a timed or a practice online test that includes 350 USMLE-style questions.

John Pelley PhD, an associate author of two popular medical review titles, Rapid Review Biochemistry, and Elsevier's Integrated Review Biochemistry has won the 2010 Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) Robert J. Glaser Distinguished Teacher Award. The award was established by the AOA medical honor society in 1988 to recognize faculty members who have distinguished themselves in medical student education. He is nationally known for applying concept mapping, a learning technique that focuses on building patterns and relationships to concepts, to medical education.

* Elsevier is a leading publisher of health science books and journals, helping to advance medicine by delivering superior education, reference information and decision support tools to doctors, nurses, health practitioners and students. With titles available across a variety of media, we are able to supply the information you need in the most convenient format.

John Pelley PhD, an associate author of two popular medical review titles, Rapid Review Biochemistry, and Elsevier's Integrated Review Biochemistry has won the 2010 Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) Robert J. Glaser Distinguished Teacher Award. The award was established by the AOA medical honor society in 1988 to recognize faculty members who have distinguished themselves in medical student education. He is nationally known for applying concept mapping, a learning technique that focuses on building patterns and relationships to concepts, to medical education.

Profit from the guidance of series editor, Dr. Edward Goljan, a well-known author of medical review books, who reviewed and edited every question.
Take a timed or a practice test online with more than 350 USMLE-style questions and full rationales for why every possible answer is right or wrong.
Access all the information you need to know quickly and easily with a user-friendly, two-color outline format that includes High-Yield Margin Notes.
Study and take notes more easily with the new, larger page size.
Practice with a new testing platform on USMLE Consult that gives you a realistic review experience and fully prepares you for the exam.

In this episode, I continue our rapid review series for the USMLE Step 1 Exam. I essentially cover topics from multiple disciplines. By utilizing an integrated format and clinical vignettes, I discuss close to 100 different concepts in this HY podcast. There are no attached slides.

In this podcast, I continue our rapid review series for the USMLE Step 1 Exam with a focus on HY vignettes related to gastroenterology. I integrate the material with many other subjects. There are no attached slides.

In this podcast, I continue our rapid review series for Step 1 with a focus on Neuro. I devote almost all of the podcast to lesion localization (especially cranial nerves AND pathways). There are no attached slides.

In this episode, I continue our rapid review series for the USMLE Step 1 with a primary focus on the classic, HY presentations of neuro pathologies on NBMEs. Note that this is different from the comprehensive neuro review that I have been working on. Note that these rapid reviews are nice ways to get tons of questions correct on your test AND also review lots of material in a short period of time. There are no attached slides.

Generally, rapid detection of viral infection is necessary for preventing the virus from spreading among people in a society as a pandemic. Although there are many effective standard techniques used for virus identification, they are laborious, required skilled person to handle and time-consuming. Particularly, the detection of viral infection involved in the isolation and nucleic acid detection by collecting specimens (sample) from the appropriate sites. For instance, oral or nasal swab, nasopharyngeal or tracheal extract, lung tissue, blood, sputum and feces are collected in order to investigate the pandemic, COVID-19 for the effective and rapid diagnosis and eventually for the treatment. In this mini-review, it is summarized that the advanced testing methods which include RNA, immunologic and radiological based tests that could be used to detect COVID-19 and their cost, reliability and functionality are discussed in this review. This mini-review might help the researcher and health care sector to plan the diagnostic procedures as per the severity of the new infection, COVID-19.

The COVID-19 is a contagious pandemic disease, rapidly spreading globally by a newly discovered coronavirus, SARS-CoV2. Coronaviruses are a broad group of viruses that can infect both animals and humans. The outbreak of pandemic originated in Wuhan city of China during 2019 and drew major attention and concern from the World Health Organization (WHO, 2020). Currently, COVID-19 has affected a large population in over 200 countries and territories around the world. Compared to other viral outbreaks such as SARS (2003) and MERS (2012), COVID-19 is being spread very rapidly, and entered a treacherous new phase and controlling the spread of COVID-19 is being a great hurdle. It is an emergency period for the world to show the scientific potential to find an appropriate and rapid diagnostic protocol to investigate the viral infection such as pandemic, COVID-19. Generally, before proceeding to diagnosis, a suspected individual consented with some questionnaire mentioning their travel history from an affected place or have contact with a person with the affected place and by observing the clinical presentation such as symptoms of COVID-19 [1]. Alternatively, chest X-ray revealed the bilateral infiltrates, but in early stage it is in normal condition. CT scan is more sensitive and specific because it showed infiltrates, segmental consolidation and peripheral or multifocal ground-glass opacities in both lungs of the affected person [2]. Invariably, a chest CT scan is used for the complement to RT-PCR to diagnose COVID-19. The schematic diagram represented showing the clinical sample collection and laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 as per the Centre disease control and prevention (CDC) protocol (Fig. 1).

Surprisingly, about 1014 patients were tested with RT-PCR, and performance of CT scan was assessed, 580 patients showed positive results both RT-PCR and CT scan, 380 patients showed positive CT scan and negative RT-PCR results, 23 patients showed RT-PCR positive, and negative CT scan results and 105 patients showed negative results in both RT-PCR and CT scan on February 6, 2020, in Wuhan, China. Hence, CT scan has more sensitivity than RT-PCR [3]. CT scan is used for diagnosing COVID-19 patients when a person is more suspicious and has a negative RT-PCR result with repeated testing. RT-PCR is a reverse transcription-PCR used for RNA, which involved in the additional process of converting RNA to cDNA (complementary DNA). The RT-PCR is carried out in a thermocycler at various temperatures for denaturation, annealing, and multiplication of specific target the sequence of nucleic acid using specific primers. We are comprehensively reporting the testing methods for the rapid diagnosis on the basis of accuracy, reliability, and duration for the tests are summarized in Table 1 [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13].

General detection of viral infections involved in the isolation and nucleic acid detection by collecting specimens from the oral swab, nasal swab, nasopharyngeal or tracheal extract, lung tissue, blood, sputum and feces [16]. Some of the alternative testing methods that were used to detect COVID-19 (Fig. 2) based on the genetic material of the virus in general and COVID-19 in particular.

RT-PCR is a standard tool for detection since human coronavirus is an RNA virus. After the PCR process the, PCR product is analyzed by electrophoresis analysis, restriction enzyme analysis, high-throughput sequencing for confirming the presence of Viral RNA [17,18,19]. The broncho-alveolar lavage fluid was collected from the patients are infected with COVID-19. The RNA of CoV2 is extracted then to RT-PCR and unbiased; high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the presence of viral RNA using RdRp region of CoV2 as a target [5]. Although this method is more sensitive to collect viral particle directly from the affected alveolar the region, it is not used routinely because it needs special equipment, preparation and skilled person and not convenient for patients as well.