En ook nog dit... : RUHAMANYA Vincent (°02.07.1948 - †07.06.2022)

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Jun 15, 2022, 5:11:57 PM6/15/22
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in memoriam RUHAMANYA Vincent 
(02.07.1948 - 07.06.2022)

Ruhamanya Vincent, Ministre des Finances de la République du Rwanda du 9 avril 1987 au 15 janvier 1989.

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in memoriam RUHAMANYA Vincent 

(02.07.1948 - 07.06.2022)

Ruhamanya Vincent, Ministre des Finances de la République du Rwanda du 9 avril 1987 au 15 janvier 1989

Kamena2022

« Au mois de juin,

 la faux à la main. »

Faire-part (Suivez Mon Regard) du mariage de Luc FLORIZOONE né à Poperinge (Belgique) le 13 décembre 1940, décédé le 7 juin 2022 et Andrée Jeanne DELEMER, née à Nice (France) le 24 janvier 1941, décédée le 7 juin 2011, célébré le 10 juillet 1967 à Lille (France). Si jye wahera.
Faire-part du mariage de Luc FLORIZOONE né le 13 décembre 1940, décédé le 7 juin 2022 et Andrée Jeanne DELEMER,  née à Nice (France) le 24 janvier 1941, décédée le 7 juin 2011, célébré le 10 juillet 1967 à Lille (France).
15.06.2022
Vous auriez tort de prendre à la légère la signature du professeur Murray Gell-Mann (15.09.1929 - 24.05.2019)(l'homme qui a scruté les particules et a vu l'univers).
Abatabizi bicwa no kutabimenya.
15.06.2022
signature de Murray Gell-Mann
signature
Récapitulons:
Andrée Jeanne DELEMER (24.01.1941 - 07.06.2011)
7/6/2012 : Signature du Professeur Murray Gell-Mann (15.09.1929 - 24.05.2019)(l'homme qui a scruté les particules et a vu l'univers)
Kamena2022

« Au mois de juin,

 la faux à la main. »

Décès ce mardi 7 juin 2022 de 

Luc FLORIZOONE (13.12.1940 - 07.06.2022) 

Président fondateur de BELLEWAERDE PARK

veuf de Andrée Jeanne DELEMER (24.01.1941 - 07.06.2011)

Luc FLORIZOONE est décédé le mardi 7 juin 2022 à l'hôpital DELTA de Roulers. Il avait 81 ans.

Luc FLORIZOONE (13.12.1940 - 07.06.2022)
veuf de Andrée Jeanne DELEMER
né le 13.12.1940 à Poperinge
décédé le 07.06.2022 à Roulers ( Roeselare )
Andrée Jeanne Delemer était pharmacienne. Née à Nice (France) le 24 janvier 1941, elle avait épousé Luc Eric Ernest Cornelius Florizoone, fils de Albert (Albertus) Antonius Cornelius Florizoone et de Maria Lucie Cornelia Legrand, le 10 juillet 1967 à Lille (France). Andrée Jeanne Delemer est décédée ce mardi 7 juin 2011 à  Zillebeke à l'âge de 70  ans.
Luc FLORIZOONE (13.12.1940 - 07.06.2022)
Luc FLORIZOONE (13.12.1940 - 07.06.2022)
Faire-part du mariage de Luc FLORIZOONE né le 13 décembre 1940, décédé le 7 juin 2022 et Andrée Jeanne DELEMER,  née à Nice (France) le 24 janvier 1941, décédée le 7 juin 2011, célébré le 10 juillet 1967 à Lille (France).
Faire-part du mariage de Luc FLORIZOONE né le 13 décembre 1940, décédé le 7 juin 2022 et Andrée Jeanne DELEMER,  née à Nice (France) le 24 janvier 1941, décédée le 7 juin 2011, célébré le 10 juillet 1967 à Lille (France).
Andrée Jeanne Delemer
V, #1326, °. 24 januari 1941, +. 7 juni 2011

Familie

 Luc Eric Ernest Cornelius Florizoone °. 13 Dec 1940, +. 7 Jun 2022
 Andrée Jeanne Delemer était pharmacienne. Née à Nice (France) le 24 janvier 1941, elle avait épousé Luc Eric Ernest Cornelius Florizoone, fils de Albert (Albertus) Antonius Cornelius Florizoone et de Maria Lucie Cornelia Legrand, le 10 juillet 1967 à Lille (France). Andrée Jeanne Delemer est décédée ce mardi 7 juin 2011 à  Zillebeke à l'âge de 70  ans.
Vous auriez tort de prendre à la légère la signature du professeur Murray Gell-Mann (l'homme qui a scruté les particules et a vu l'univers).
Abatabizi bicwa no kutabimenya.
15.06.2022
signature de Murray Gell-Mann
signature
Murray Gell-Mann in 1953 or 1954. He “dominated theoretical particle physics during the 1950s and ′60s, a period with an abundance of new experimental discoveries,” his colleague David J. Gross, another Nobel laureate in physics, said.CreditCreditUniversity of Chicago Library, Special Collections Research Center.
Met droefheid in het hart delen wij u het overlijden mede van
De heer
Luc Florizoone
Weduwnaar van mevrouw Andrée Delemer (†07.06.2011)
Geboren te Poperinge op 13 december 1940
en overleden te Roeselare in het AZ Delta op 7 juni 2022.
Afgevaardigde Bestuurder en
Voorzitter van de Raad van Bestuur van
BELLEWAERDE PARK van 1968 tot 1998
Dit melden u:
Mevr. Liliane Florizoone
Dhr. Eric Florizoone en Mevr. Claudine Vandoolaeghe en familie
Mevr. Marie-Christine Florizoone en familie
 zijn broer, zussen, schoonzus, neven en nichten
De families Florizoone, Delemer,
Legrand, Labaere en Coppens
Oprechte dank aan allen die hem met liefdevolle zorg nabij waren.
Een stil moment bij Luc is mogelijk in het funerarium Leo
t.e.m. dinsdag 14/06, op weekdagen van 15 tot 18 uur,
op zaterdag van 14 tot 16 uur, gesloten op zondag.
Rouwbetuigingen:
Familie Florizoone p/a Uitvaartzorg Leo
Dikkebusseweg 37 te 8900 Ieper
Wij nodigen u uit om samen met ons afscheid te nemen van Luc in de
Sint-Catharinakerk te Zillebeke op donderdag 16 juni 2022 om 10.30 uur.
Samenkomst aan de kerk vanaf 10.10 uur.
Er is gelegenheid de familie te condoleren na de dienst.
Na het afscheid krijgt zijn urne een bijzonder plaatsje in huiselijke kring.
Het afscheid vindt plaats op donderdag 16 juni 2022
om 10.30 uur in de Sint-Catharinakerk te Zillebeke.
De vorige eigenaar van Bellewaerde Park Luc Florizoone is op 7 juni overleden in het AZ Delta in Roeselare. Hij was 81.
Bellewaerde park opent de deuren in 1954. In 1967 overlijdt Albert Florizoone, stichter van Bellewaerde.
Het is zijn zoon Luc die een jaar later de fakkel overneemt. Hij is dan 27 jaar. "Ik ben begonnen met de safari zoals het toen bestond. Maar zag al snel dat we attracties nodig hadden. Meer bepaald een waterattractie", zei Luc in een reportage over 60 jaar Bellewaerde. Die attractie werd alom bekend als 'de boomstammetjes'.
AMERIKAANSE INVLOED
Al snel groeit Bellewaerde uit tot een groot familiepretpark. Ook de leeuw als mascotte is niet weg te denken uit de geschiedenis van het park.
Begin de jaren negentig fusioneerde Bellewaerde met Walibi om naar de beurs te kunnen stappen. Luc blijft nog aanwezig. Maar als de Amerikaanse invloed in 1997 te groot wordt, door de overname van de firma Six Flags, moeten Luc en zijn broer noodgedwongen opstappen.
Aan wat Florizoone is overleden, is niet duidelijk. Zijn afscheid vindt plaats in de Sint-Catharinakerk in Zillebeke op 16 juni om 10.30 uur.
Luc FLORIZOONE, man achter pretpark Bellewaerde, overleden
Luc FLORIZOONE
TOPMAN VAN BELLEWAERDE Luc FLORIZOONE OVERLEDEN
De vorige eigenaar van Bellewaerde Park Luc Florizoone is op 7 juni overleden in het AZ Delta in Roeselare. Hij was 81.
14/06/2022
Luc Florizoone, bezieler van Bellewaerde overleden: jarenlang gebouwd aan ‘safaripark dicht bij huis’, tot de Amerikanen kwamen
Luc Florizoone (81) was de bezieler van Bellewaerde.
Luc Florizoone, bezieler van Bellewaerde, is overleden. Florizoone was de man die het pretpark – in het spoor van zijn pionierende vader – groot maakte. Die het creatieve brein van ‘Suske en Wiske’-tekenaar Paul Geerts op zijn attracties losliet. Maar die finaal, zoals zovele familiale pretparkeigenaren, de duimen moest leggen voor de grote internationale spelers, die wel de vele miljoenen hadden die nodig waren om attractieparken flitsend en modern te maken.
Luc Florizoone, bezieler van Bellewaerde, is overleden. Florizoone was de man die het pretpark – in het spoor van zijn pionierende vader – groot maakte. Die het creatieve brein van ‘Suske en ...
Jesse Van Regenmortel
Dinsdag 14 juni 2022 om 03:00
Gewezen topman van Bellewaerde Luc Florizoone (81) overleden
ZILLEBEKEIn AZ Delta Roeselare is Luc Florizoone (81) gestorven. Van 1968 tot 1998 was hij afgevaardigde bestuurder en voorzitter van de raad van bestuur van Bellewaerde.
In AZ Delta Roeselare is Luc Florizoone (81) gestorven. Van 1968 tot 1998 was hij afgevaardigde bestuurder en voorzitter van de raad van bestuur van Bellewaerde.
Erik De Block 11-06-22, 10:45 Laatste update: 11-06-22, 11:01
Albert Florizoone en zijn echtgenote Maria Legrand openden in 1954 het natuurpark, waar bezoekers konden kennismaken met verschillende vogelsoorten. Hun zonen Carlo, Eric en Luc bouwden het park uit tot wat het vandaag is: een mix van dieren, planten en attracties.
Begin de jaren negentig fusioneerde Bellewaerde met Walibi om sterker op de markt te komen en naar de beurs te kunnen stappen. Eric en Luc Florizoone bleven verbonden aan Groep Walibi. Luc werd verantwoordelijk voor de investeringen in nieuwe attracties voor alle parken van de groep. Eric kreeg de marketing van vooral de Franse parken onder zijn hoede. Een functie die hij bleef combineren met de public relations voor Bellewaerde.
In 1995 werd Paul van Havere de nieuwe algemene directeur van het familiepark. In 1997 moesten de broers Florizoone noodgedwongen opstappen nadat de Amerikaanse firma Six Flags Walibi en Bellewaerde had overgenomen.
Luc Florizoone was weduwnaar van Andrée Delemer, die in juni 2011 overleed. Naast zijn twee broers had Luc nog twee zussen Liliane en Marie-Christine.
Een stil moment bij Luc is mogelijk in funerarium Leo op de Dikkebusseweg in Ieper tot en met komende dinsdag van 15 tot 18 uur, op zaterdag van 14 tot 16 uur. Gesloten op zondag. Het afscheid vindt plaats in de Sint-Catharinakerk in Zillebeke op donderdag 16 juni om 10.30 uur.
Luc FLORIZOONE
Op 7 juni overleed Luc Florizoone op 81-jarige leeftijd in het AZ Delta in Roeselare. Luc was één van de grondleggers en de man achter het pretpark Bellewaerde.
Dinsdag 14 juni 2022 om 13:48
ARDOOIE / Overlijden
11 juni 2022
Met Zuster Camilla verliest Ardooie een kloosterlinge die een leven lang in dienst stond van de ouderenzorg in de gemeente. Ze was verbonden aan de Zuster van Liefde in het Woonzorgcentrum Sint Vincentius, nu BEN, in de Kortrijksestraat.
Zuster Camilla overleed op 10 juni in de leeftijd van 86 jaar. Ze overleed te Ardooie. Ze was er lid van verschillende verenigingen.
HEULE/Overlijden
Heulse oud-pastoor Jos Debaere (86) overleden
12 juni 2022
Heulse oud-pastoor Jos Debaere (86) overleden 
12 juni 2022

« Murray Gell-Mann, Who Peered at Particles and Saw the Universe, Dies at 89 » [« Murray Gell-Mann, qui a scruté les particules et a vu l'univers, meurt à 89 ans »], The New York Times, New-York, The New York Times Company, série Obituaries,‎ 24 mai 2019 (ISSN 0362-4331).
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/24/obituaries/murray-gell-mann-died-.html

A Nobel winner, he found hidden patterns in the subatomic matter that forms the universe, evoking James Joyce in calling one kind of particle “quarks.”
By George Johnson
May 24, 2019

Murray Gell-Mann, who transformed physics with his preternatural ability to find hidden patterns among the tiny particles that make up the universe, earning a Nobel Prize, died on Friday at his home in Santa Fe. He was 89.

Jenna Marshall, a spokeswoman for the Santa Fe Institute, where he held the title of distinguished fellow, announced his death.

Much as atoms can be slotted into the rows and columns of the periodic table of the elements, Dr. Gell-Mann found a way, in 1961, to classify their smaller pieces — subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and mesons, which were being discovered by the dozen in cosmic rays and particle accelerator blasts. Arranged according to their properties, the particles clustered in groups of eight and 10.

In a moment of whimsy, Dr. Gell-Mann, who hadn’t a mystical bone in his body, named his system the Eightfold Way after the Buddha’s eight-step path to enlightenment. He groaned ever after when people mistakenly inferred that particle physics was somehow related to Eastern philosophy.

Looking deeper, Dr. Gell-Mann realized that the patterns of the Eightfold Way could be further divided into triplets of even smaller components. He decided to call them quarks after a line from James Joyce’s “Finnegans Wake”: “Three quarks for Muster Mark.”

With Dr. Gell-Mann at the forefront, physics took on a Joycean feel. Before long there were up quarks and down quarks, strange quarks and charm quarks, top quarks and bottom quarks, all stuck together with particles called gluons. The funny nomenclature was as much a Gell-Mann inspiration as the mathematics.

“Murray Gell-Mann dominated theoretical particle physics during the 1950s and ′60s, a period with an abundance of new experimental discoveries,” his colleague David J. Gross, another Nobel laureate in physics, said in an interview for this obituary in 2010. “With almost magical intuition Gell-Mann discerned the patterns and symmetries connecting the many new particles that were found.”
Dr. Gell-Mann at the California Institute of Technology in an undated photo. He collaborated with the renowned physicist Richard Feynman at Caltech.CreditCaltech

Conversant in several languages and fascinated by archaeology, linguistics, natural history and ornithology, Dr. Gell-Mann spotted and named subatomic phenomena as eagerly as if they were exotic birds.

“Our work is a delightful game,” he said at the Nobel banquet in Stockholm, where he received the prize for physics in 1969. “I am frequently astonished that it so often results in correct predictions of experimental results.”

After comparing the simple structure of a mathematical formula to the rules of the sonnet, he surprised his hosts by finishing his speech in Swedish. (He later berated himself for mispronouncing a word.)

With his hyphenated surname and cosmopolitan ways, Dr. Gell-Mann liked to keep people wondering about his pedigree. The physicist Sheldon Glashow once recalled a party at which his colleague cagily spun a tale about the confluence in Scotland of the River Gell and the River Mann.

Dr. Gell-Mann also had a compulsion, upon meeting new people, to provide them with the etymology and proper pronunciation of their names, going on to expound on seemingly any subject under the sun. Some found him charming, others exasperating. No one doubted the immensity of his mind.

He was born on Sept. 15, 1929, in Lower Manhattan to Arthur and Pauline (Reichstein) Gell-Mann, both Eastern European immigrants. At the time, his father operated a language school. (Born Isidore Gellmann in a small town in what was then Galicia, near the Russian border, the elder Mr. Gell-Mann had studied mathematics and philosophy in Vienna. He changed his name to Arthur and apparently added the hyphen sometime after 1911, when he was called to New York by his parents, who had emigrated earlier and were having financial problems.)

During the Depression, the language school failed and the family, which included an older son, Ben, moved to cheaper quarters on 188th Street in the Bronx, near the Bronx Zoo, and later to the Upper West Side of Manhattan.

This was long before the time when an apartment in the neighborhood conferred a prestigious address. In an oral history interview, Dr. Gell-Mann recalled living in hard times. His father, he said, though intellectually curious, struggled to make a living, finding a back-office job on Wall Street, working for a toy importer and, finally, securing a position at a bank “at a very low salary.”
Dr. Gell-Mann, second from left, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1969. At ceremonies in Stockholm, he posed with other prize winners: from left, Max Delbruck (United States, medicine), Derek R. Barton (England, chemistry), Odd Hassel (Norway, chemistry), Alfred D. Hershey (U.S., medicine), Salvador E. Luria (U.S., medicine) and Jan Tinbergen (Netherlands, economics).CreditAssociated Press

“We had very little money,” Dr. Gell-Mann said.

Young Murray was already showing signs of precociousness, multiplying large numbers in his head and correcting his elders on the pronunciation of foreign words. With the encouragement of his mother and help from a piano teacher who gave lessons at a local settlement house, he won a scholarship to Columbia Grammar, a private school on West 93rd Street, where he earned the nickname “the Walking Encyclopedia.”

Graduating as valedictorian at age 14, he went to Yale, also on scholarship. But physics was not his first choice as a major area of study, he said in the oral history. He considered archaeology or a field related to natural history. His father, however, pushed him to choose engineering, saying it would lead to a well-paying job. Murray resisted, and they settled on physics as a compromise — “to please the old man,” Dr. Gell-Mann said — and he soon found that the subject fascinated him.

“My father was absolutely right,” he said.

After Dr. Gell-Mann earned his doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in 1951, J. Robert Oppenheimer, who had directed the Manhattan Project, brought him to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. From there he went to the University of Chicago and worked under Enrico Fermi.

The two decades after World War II were a golden age in physics, with experimenters discovering one new phenomenon after another for theorists to explain. Some particles bombarding the earth as cosmic rays seemed to defy the known laws of physics: They did not disintegrate nearly as quickly as the equations predicted. Dr. Gell-Mann showed that this behavior could be explained by positing a new physical quality, which he named “strangeness.”

As with energy, there is a law of conservation of strangeness. (It is conserved in strong interactions and electromagnetic interactions but not in weak interactions.) Once this was taken into account, physicists could explain the particle’s surprisingly slow decay.

In 1955 Dr. Gell-Mann married J. Margaret Dow, an archaeology assistant he had met during a visit back to Princeton. Lured by an offer from the California Institute of Technology, the couple moved to Pasadena, where they raised two children, Elizabeth and Nicholas. The renowned physicist Richard Feynman was also at Caltech, and the two men, their egos clashing, collaborated for a while before Dr. Gell-Mann struck out on his own.

As with strangeness, the Eightfold Way and quarks were independently discovered by other theorists, but the breadth of Dr. Gell-Mann’s accomplishments and his flair for nomenclature ensured that his would be the name most remembered.

His instincts weren’t infallible. At first he dismissed quarks as mathematical abstractions — an accounting device with no real correlate in the physical world. There was good reason for his skepticism: Quarks would have to have electrical charges measured in thirds, something that was never observed.
Dr. Gell-Mann at the Santa Fe Institute in 2003. He originally wanted to study archaeology or one of the natural sciences, he said,but chose physics “to please the old man.” He added, “My father was absolutely right.”CreditJane Bernard/Associated Press

After quarks were confirmed indirectly in an experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, in Menlo Park, Calif., Dr. Gell-Mann denied that he had ever doubted their existence. He went on to help explain how the tiny particles are permanently stuck together, keeping their fractional charges hidden from view. A “green” quark, a “red” quark and a “blue” quark (the labels were arbitrary) blended to form a “colorless” proton. It was Dr. Gell-Mann who named the theory quantum chromodynamics.

By this time he was becoming known for his abrasive style, cutting down colleagues with withering remarks or saddling some of them with derisive names. The physicist Abraham Pais became “the evil dwarf.” The renowned experimenter Leon Lederman (who died last October) was “the plumber.” But those who could abide Dr. Gell-Mann’s prickliness found the intellectual pugilism exciting.

“To work with him it helps first of all not to have too fragile an ego,” James Hartle, a former student and collaborator, said in a remembrance in 2014, when Dr. Gell-Mann received the prestigious Helmholtz Medal, established in 1892. (Past recipients included Lord Kelvin and Robert Bunsen.) “But despite the obvious differences in intellect and insight, Murray somehow makes you feel an equal partner when you are working with him.”

Dr. Gell-Mann was an early champion of superstrings, hypothetical particles that, if ever verified, would be even more fundamental than quarks. Later in his career he began thinking in other directions, puzzling over the way simple laws of physics give rise to the beauty and intricacy of the living world. He explored the idea in a popular book, “The Quark and the Jaguar: Adventures in the Simple and the Complex” (1994).

In 1992, a little more than a decade after his wife, Margaret, died of cancer, he married Marcia Southwick, a poet he had met in Aspen, Colo., where he had a summer home. After retiring from Caltech and being named a fellow at the Santa Fe Institute, he moved with her to New Mexico. The marriage ended in divorce. He is survived by his two children and by a stepson, Nicholas Southwick Levis.

By the time Dr. Gell-Mann learned he would receive the Helmholtz Medal from the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, he was in a wheelchair accompanied by an attendant. So the academy came to him, bestowing the prize in a ceremony at the Santa Fe Institute.

Afterward, Dr. Gell-Mann’s friend, the novelist Cormac McCarthy, raised a champagne toast. During the ceremony, Dr. Gell-Mann had been described as “one of the great physicists of the latter half of the 20th century.” Mr. McCarthy objected to the qualification. Dr. Gell-Mann, he said, is “undoubtedly one of the great scientists of the 20th century.”

In a talk in 2007, Dr. Gell-Mann compared the last century of physics to pulling back the skins of an onion, finding at every layer that the same mathematics applies — and hinting that an objective reality can conceivably be explained someday by a universal set of laws.

“Somewhere on some other planet orbiting some very distant star, maybe in another galaxy, there could well be entities that are at least as intelligent as we are,” he said. “Suppose they have very different sensory apparatus — they have seven tentacles, and they have 14 funny-looking little compound eyes and a brain shaped like a pretzel.” Nevertheless, Dr. Gell-Mann said, we can be confident that these creatures would discover the same fundamental laws. Some people believe otherwise, he added, “and I think that is utter baloney.”

Correction: May 25, 2019

An earlier version of this obituary overstated a law about the conservation of a quantity in physics called strangeness. It is conserved in strong interactions and electromagnetic interactions but not in weak interactions. It is not the case that, “like energy, strangeness must always be conserved.”

George Johnson, a contributor to The Times, is the author of “Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics” (1999).

A version of this article appears in print on May 25, 2019, on Page B12 of the New York edition with the headline: Murray Gell-Mann, Who Peered at Particles and Saw the Universe, Dies at 89. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper |
modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Murray Gell-Mann , né le 15 septembre 1929 à New York , est un physicien américain . Il est surtout connu pour ses travaux sur la théorie des quarks dont il a fait la découverte. Il a reçu le prix Nobel de physique de 1969 . Sommaire 1 Biographie 2 Bibliographie 3 Notes et références 4 Voir aussi 4.1 Articles connexes 4.2 Liens externes ...
Murray Gell-Mann, né le 15 septembre 1929 à New York (État de New York) et mort le 24 mai 2019 à Santa Fe (Nouveau-Mexique), est un physicien américain.

Il est surtout connu pour ses travaux sur la théorie des quarks, qu'il a formulée. Il a reçu le prix Nobel de physique de 1969.

Murray Gell-Mann est né à Manhattan dans une famille d'immigrants juifs originaires de Chernivtsi (aujourd'hui en Ukraine). Adolescent animé par une curiosité intense pour les lois de la nature et les mathématiques, élève doué, il entre à l'université de Yale à 15 ans, et y reçoit son diplôme en 1948. Il poursuit ses études au MIT, obtenant un doctorat en 1951 sous la direction de Victor Weisskopf.

Sa première contribution, en 1954, est l'introduction d'une nouvelle propriété quantique, l'étrangeté, qui est associée aux nouvelles particules découvertes dans les réactions du rayonnement cosmique. L'étrangeté est conservée par l'interaction nucléaire, qui est responsable de leur création par paires, mais n'est pas respectée par l'interaction faible, qui est responsable de leur désintégration. Cette notion fut également proposée indépendamment par le physicien Kazuhiko Nishijima.

Il établit en 1961 une classification des nouvelles particules découvertes à partir des années 1950 en utilisant les propriétés de symétrie d'ordre trois du groupe SU(3). Dans la classification, certaines places pour de nouvelles particules étaient encore libres. La découverte annoncée le 20 février 1964 par un groupe de chercheurs de Brookhaven de la particule Ω-, prévue dans cette classification, confirma la théorie de Gell-Mann. La théorie du groupe de symétrie SU(3) permit à Gell-Mann et, indépendamment, à George Zweig, de proposer l'existence de nouvelles particules, appelé quarks, particules constituant les neutrons, les protons et toutes les particules massives appelées hadrons. L'existence des quarks sera mise en évidence en 1969 par James Bjorken (en) et Richard Feynman. La théorie de Gell-Mann devint une base fondamentale des théories actuelles de la physique quantique. Il obtint le prix Nobel de physique de 1969 « pour ses contributions et ses découvertes concernant la classification des particules élémentaires et leurs interactions ».

Lors de la guerre du Viêt Nam, il participe au comité JASON, conseiller de l'administration et à l'origine de la notion de « champ de bataille électronique », ce qui lui vaut, en 1972, une conférence houleuse au Collège de France à Paris.

Il est lauréat du prix Dannie Heineman pour la physique mathématique en 1959, de la médaille Franklin en 1967 et de la médaille Albert Einstein en 2005. Il est élu membre étranger de la Royal Society le 20 avril 1978.

En 2010, il est professeur au Caltech.

Dans son livre Le Quark et le Jaguar, il montre comment la physique des particules et la théorie de l'évolution sont deux théories intrinsèquement liées : il compare le mécanisme de l'évolution à des particules effectuant, de façon irréversible, de petits sauts quantiques vers des états stables (voir Attracteur), ce qui selon lui serait à l'origine de la diversité biologique de toutes les espèces vivantes sur notre planète.
Publication :

Murray Gell-Mann (trad. Gilles Minot), Le quark et le jaguar : voyage au cœur du simple et du complexe [« The quark and the jaguar : adventures in the simple and the complex »], Paris, Albin Michel, coll. « Sciences d'aujourd'hui », 1995 (ISBN 2-226-07602-6, notice BnF no FRBNF35743836)
Murray Gell-Mann, 15.09.1929 - 24.05.2019
Murray-gell-mann.jpg
Murray Gell-Mann en 2005.
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Abatabizi bicwa no kutabimenya.

15.06.2022
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