L'article Barbara Henry : The teacher who helped Ruby Nell Bridges integrate a New Orleans school a été publié sur le blog nikozitambirwa ce mardi 7 décembre 2021.

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Dec 7, 2021, 12:13:21 PM12/7/21
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L'article Barbara Henry : The teacher who helped Ruby Nell Bridges integrate a New Orleans school a été publié sur le blog nikozitambirwa ce mardi 7 décembre 2021. 

#RubyNellBridgesHall
Ruby Bridges Hall, née Ruby Nell Bridges le 8 septembre 1954 à Tylertown au Mississippi, est une Américaine connue pour avoir été la première enfant afro-américaine à intégrer une école pour enfants blancs en 1960, à l'époque où la ségrégation scolaire...
Barbara Henry: The teacher who helped Ruby Bridges integrate a New Orleans school

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Barbara Henry : The teacher who helped Ruby Nell Bridges integrate a New Orleans school
Ruby Bridges Hall, née Ruby Nell Bridges le 8 septembre 1954 à Tylertown au Mississippi, est une Américaine connue pour avoir été la première enfant afro-américaine à intégrer une école pour enfants blancs en 1960, à l'époque où la ségrégation scolaire...

Ruby Bridges Hall, née Ruby Nell Bridges le 8 septembre 1954 à Tylertown au Mississippi, est une Américaine connue pour avoir été la première enfant afro-américaine à intégrer une école pour enfants blancs en 1960, à l'époque où la ségrégation scolaire prend officiellement fin aux États-Unis. Elle y a été aidée par une enseignante très courageuse, Barbara Henry (born January 1, 1932), an elementary teacher from New Orleans. 
Many educators work to improve conditions for students. One of these was Barbara Henry, a teacher who helped integrate Louisiana schools during the 1960's.
Posted on August 18, 2020
There are many courageous Chalkboard Champions in American history who have worked diligently to improve social conditions for all their students. One of these was Barbara Henry, an elementary teacher from New Orleans who sought to help integrate Louisiana schools during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. She was the teacher of Ruby Bridges, who was the first African American student to attend an all-white school in her city.
Barbara was born January 1, 1932. As a young girl, she attended Girls’ Latin School in Boston. There, she says, she “learned to appreciate and enjoy our important commonalities, amid our external differences of class, community, or color.”
Barbara inaugurated her career as a teacher overseas in schools for military dependents. Those schools were integrated. When she returned to the United States, the adventurous educator and her husband settled in New Orleans. She accepted a position at William Frantz Elementary School.
In 1960, little Ruby Bridges enrolled in the school. Barbara volunteered to teach Ruby, but the decision prompted white parents to remove their children from the class. For more than a year Barbara taught Ruby as her only student in the classroom.
At first, Ruby was nervous about meeting her new teacher, especially when confronted with loud protests going on outside the school. “I had never seen a white teacher before,” Ruby remembered, “but Mrs. Henry was the nicest teacher I ever had. She tried very hard to keep my mind off what was going on outside. But I couldn’t forget that there were no other kids,” she said.
The intrepid and courageous Barbara Henry: A true Chalkboard Champion. To read Barbara’s story in her own words, see this essay written by her published by Scholastic: In Her Own Words.

L'article Barbara Henry : The teacher who helped Ruby Nell Bridges integrate a New Orleans school a été publié sur le blog nikozitambirwa.
Ruby Bridges Hall, née Ruby Nell Bridges le 8 septembre 1954 à Tylertown au Mississippi, est une Américaine connue pour avoir été la première enfant afro-américaine à intégrer une école pour enfants blancs en 1960, à l'époque où la ségrégation scolaire...

Barbara Henry : The teacher who helped Ruby Nell Bridges integrate a New Orleans school


Ruby Bridges Hall, née Ruby Nell Bridges le 8 septembre 1954 à Tylertown au Mississippi, est une Américaine connue pour avoir été la première enfant afro-américaine à intégrer une école pour enfants blancs en 1960, à l'époque où la ségrégation scolaire prend officiellement fin aux États-Unis. 
07.12.2021 Nikozitambirwa

#RubyNellBridgesHall

Ruby Bridges Also Known As: Ruby Nell Bridges, Ruby Nell Bridges Hall
Quick Facts
Birthday: September 8, 1954
Age: 67 Years, 67 Year Old Females
Sun Sign: Virgo
Also Known As: Ruby Nell Bridges, Ruby Nell Bridges Hall
Born In: Tylertown
Famous As: Philanthropist
African American Women Black Activists
Family:
Father: Abon Bridges
Mother: Lucille Bridges
U.S. State: Mississippi, African-American From Mississippi
Education: William Frantz Elementary School
Who is Ruby Bridges?
She was young. She was sweetly innocent. And she was unaware of what her small step would do to her community in the coming years. As a young brilliant student who successfully cleared the aptitude test to qualify for an admission into a better educational institution, she paved way to unite two completely different races and groups. At the young age of six, she became a public face by entering into and desegregating an all-white school. Little did she know that her excitement to study at a new institution would bring about a major difference in the lives of colored Americans, who presumed African-Americans not capable of walking shoulder-to-shoulder with them. However, it was her struggle and determination that helped her fight all odds and complete her schooling. Many books, paintings and movies have shown the hardships and obstacles she experienced in her initial days. Since then, she has been fighting and working to alter the lives of African-Americans and give them a free and liberated environment by eradicating the dividing disease called racism, through her foundation. She is firm and strong-minded on her dream of providing children with equal opportunities to grow and prosper.
Recommended Lists: Civil Rights ActivistsBlack Civil Rights ActivistsAmerican WomenWomen Activists
Childhood & Early Life
Ruby Bridges was born as Ruby Nell Bridges on September 8, 1954 in Tylertown, Mississippi, to Abon and Lucille Bridges as the eldest of the four kids.
Since her family had been sharecroppers, they moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, in search of a better living, when she was four. This was the same time when blacks were largely discriminated from the whites.
To support the increasing expenses, her father sought employment as a service station attendant, while her mother started working in night shifts.
Even though she lived just five blocks away from an all-white school, she had to walk several miles ahead to attend an all-black school.
Of the six students who successfully passed the National Association from the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) test in 1960 to attend an all-white school, she was the only student who chose William Franz Elementary School.
On November 14, 1960, she became the first African-American to go to an all-white school in the Southern United States (or the South), thus integrating a white school and changing the face of the prevailing education system.
On her first day at school, Bridges and her mother were escorted by four US marshals, fearing protest from the white parents, as none of them wanted their kids to study with a black girl.
On the second day, it was assumed that she wouldn’t be able to attend classes as all teachers refused to accept her. However, Barbara Henry, a new teacher from Boston, Massachusetts, came forward and accepted her with open arms.
She was her teacher’s sole student for the entire year. Her loving nature and support helped her with problems faced in the curriculum as well as the hostility for being born a black.
On being threatened to be poisoned by a different woman each day at school, President Eisenhower ordered the four US marshals deployed by him to ensure that Ruby only consumed food brought from home.
Career
She completed her graduation from Kansas City Business School in travel and tourism. After graduation, she took the job of a world travel agent in American Express.
In 1993, when her brother Milton was killed in a drug-related issue, she adopted his four daughters and enrolled them in William Franz Elementary School.
She started volunteering at William Franz for thrice a week and became a parent-community liaison. She gained instant popularity and got to reunite with her first teacher, Henry, through Coles’ book on her, on the Oprah Winfrey Show.
Recommended Lists:American Female Civil Rights ActivistsVirgo Women
Major Works
In 1999, Bridges established The Ruby Bridges Foundation to support and encourage parents to educate their children as a need to end racism and promote equal rights for one and all.
Awards & Achievements
On January 8, 2001, the US President Bill Clinton honored her with the Presidential Citizens Medal for her undying courage and strength.
In 2007, an exhibition depicting the lives of Ruby Bridges, Anne Frank and Ryan White was held by Children’s Museum of Indianapolis.
On May 2012, Tulane University, New Orleans, conferred upon her an Honorary Degree at the annual graduation ceremony, organized at Mercedes-Benz Superdome.
Personal Life & Legacy
In 1984, Bridges was married to Malcolm Hall, thus becoming Ruby Nell Bridges Hall. The couple, along with their four sons, lives in New Orleans.
Her bravery, when escorted by four US marshals on her first day at school, inspired painter Norman Rockwell to create the painting ‘The Problem We All Live With’, which became the cover page of Look magazine in January 1964.
Child psychiatrist Robert Coles, who counseled her during her first year at school for the ever-increasing riots and protests against her, penned a children’s book titled ‘The Story of Ruby Bridges’, in 1995, as an inspiration for other students.
The 1998 made-for-TV movie ’Ruby Bridges’ was filmed on the struggle and ignorance faced by her at William Franz Elementary School.
A new elementary school was opened in her honor by the Alameda Unified School District, in October 2006.
In 2011, Mario Chiodo unveiled the ‘Remember Them’ humanitarian monument at St. Paul’s Episcopal School, which included a statue of young Bridges.
Trivia
When she arrived at the school on her first day, she misinterpreted the large crowds of protesters as a Mardi Gras celebration, an annual carnival held in New Orleans.
Barbara Henry had to pay a heavy price for supporting Ruby by sacrificing her job. Her contract wasn’t renewed and hence, had to return to Boston with her husband.
As a result of being the only student in the class, she was stressed to such an extent that she stopped eating her lunch and hid it in the storage cabinet. Discovered by a janitor, Mrs. Henry started giving her company during lunch.
Her family, too, suffered the impact of her admission to a white school. Her father lost his job, her mother could no longer shop at her regular grocery store and her grandparents were thrown out from the land they lived on for years.
Things began to change towards the end of the first year, when students in her grade started returning to school. By the beginning of second year, everything seemed to have calmed down.
Bridges wasn’t anymore a single student in her class, as there were over 20 students in her second grade class and she gradually accustomed herself to the changing environment.
She finished grammar school at William Franz Elementary School and took admission in another integrated high school, Francis T. Nicholls High School.

Ruby Bridges
Image dans Infobox.
Ruby Bridges en 2010.
Biographie
Naissance
8 septembre 1954 (67 ans)
Tylertown
Nationalité
Domicile
Formation
William Frantz Elementary School (en)
Activité
Autres informations
Distinctions


Ruby Nell Bridges (nom d'épouse Ruby Bridges Hall), née le 8 septembre 1954 à Tylertown au Mississippi, est une Américaine connue pour être la première enfant afro-américaine à intégrer une école pour enfants blancs en 1960, à l'époque où la ségrégation scolaire prend officiellement fin aux États-Unis. Pour son premier jour d'école, elle fut escortée par la police car de nombreux manifestants racistes et hostiles à la déségrégation protestaient contre le fait qu'une enfant « de couleur » aille dans une école « de Blancs ». Son image est passée à la postérité grâce au tableau de Norman Rockwell : Notre problème à tous (The Problem We All Live With)

Biographie

Son intégration scolaire

Ruby Bridges1 est la fille de Abon et de Lucille Bridges2. Ses parents emménagent à La Nouvelle-Orléans (Louisiane), en 19583,4. À cette date, ses parents répondent à un appel à volontaires pour que leur fille participe à l'intégration dans le nouveau système scolaire mis en place à La Nouvelle-Orléans. Elle devient ainsi la première enfant noire à aller à la William Frantz Elementary School5 et la première enfant afro-américaine à fréquenter une école blanche, alors que la ségrégation scolaire est abolie depuis l'arrêt Brown v. Board of Education de 1955. Certains États du Sud se rebellent et font des manœuvres dilatoires pour en empêcher l'effectivité, notamment dans le Mississippi.

À cause de l'opposition des Blancs à intégrer les Noirs, elle eut besoin de protection pour entrer à l'école. Mais les officiers de police locaux et de l'État refusant de la protéger, elle fut accompagnée par des marshall fédéraux sous escorte. Sa mère l'avait prévenue qu'il « pourrait y avoir beaucoup de gens près de cette nouvelle école » : en effet, elle fut accueillie par une foule hurlante de parents blancs racistes qu'elle devrait traverser pour arriver à l'école. Comme elle le décrit, « de la voiture, je pouvais voir la foule, mais puisque je vivais à La Nouvelle-Orléans, je croyais que c'était Mardi Gras. Il y avait une grande foule de personnes près de l'école. Elles lançaient des choses et me criaient dessus, mais ce genre de choses arrivait à La Nouvelle-Orléans au Mardi Gras »

Ruby Bridges escortée vers son école par des Marshals.

La scène a été commémorée par Norman Rockwell dans un tableau intitulé Notre problème à tous (The Problem We All Live With).

Quand Ruby arriva à l'école, des parents blancs entrèrent aussi mais sortirent leurs enfants de l'établissement. Tous les enseignants, à l'exception d'une professeur blanche, refusèrent également de faire cours s'il y avait une enfant noire dans l'école. Seule Barbara Henry, qui était originaire de Boston, au Massachusetts, accepta de faire cours à Ruby. Pendant un an, Mme Henry enseigna donc uniquement à Ruby, comme si elle enseignait à toute une classe.

Les suites

Son père perdit son emploi et ses grands-parents, agriculteurs du Mississippi, furent renvoyés de leurs terres.

Ruby Bridges, aujourd'hui Ruby Bridges Hall, vit toujours à La Nouvelle-Orléans. Elle est la porte-parole de la Ruby Bridges Foundation, fondée en 1999 pour promouvoir « les valeurs de la tolérance, du respect et de l'appréciation des différences ». Décrivant la mission de cette association, elle dit : « Le racisme est une maladie d'adulte et nous devons cesser d'utiliser nos enfants pour la propager ».

Le 27 octobre 2006, la municipalité d'Alameda, en Californie, a ouvert une école élémentaire portant le nom de Ruby Bridges et a fait une déclaration en son honneur6.

Elle a été reçue par le président Obama à la Maison-Blanche, le 15 juillet 2011, qui lui montre le tableau de Norman Rockwell la représentant, accroché dans un des couloirs proches du Bureau ovale et pour lui dire que, sans elle, il ne serait pas devenu président7.

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07.12.2021
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