UMWAMI MWUMVA NTABWO ARI UMWANZI W’URWANDA - Rwandan prof Leopold Munyakazi says 1994 killings were not genocide

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http://www.udel.edu/PR/UDaily/2007/oct/scholars102506.html

 

Rwandan prof says 1994 killings were not genocide

 

Leopold Munyakazi

6:12 p.m., Oct. 25, 2006--A professor of linguistics from Rwanda said the massacre of nearly 1 million people in that country 12 years ago was not ethnic-driven genocide but civil war rooted in decades of social class conflicts. Leopold Munyakazi, a visiting scholar and assistant professor of French at Montclair State University in New Jersey who sought refuge in the U.S. two years ago out of fear for his life, spoke during a faculty forum at the University of Delaware on Wednesday, Oct. 25.

“There is a kind of international conspiracy to hide the truth about what happened,” Munyakazi said of the 100-day slaughter that began on April 6, 1994, soon after a plane carrying Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana and Burundian President Cyprien Ntaryamira was shot down as it was about to land in the capital, Kigali. “I refer to it as civil war, not genocide; it was about political power.... Ethnicity is not really understood about Rwanda; in Rwanda there are no tribes, there are social groups, they are one single people.”

Munyakazi dismissed the version of events given by hotelier Paul Rusesabagina, whose heroics that saved hundreds of lives were featured in Philip Gourevitch's book, We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will be Killed With Our Families: Stories from Rwanda, and inspired the Oscar-nominated film Hotel Rwanda. Munyakazi said Rusesabagina had chosen to support the one-sided “official narrative.”

“It is quite wrong to say that genocide was committed by Hutus,” Munyakazi, who said he was among moderates who opposed violence, said. “I kept hiding from place to place in Rwanda because I did not want to join any fighting party. I had the same attitude as Mr. Rusesabagina.”

Munyakazi said civil strife in Rwanda can be traced back to the 1920s when Belgian colonial rulers issued identification cards with a notation of Tutsi, Hutu or Twa, based on their social class. The Tutsi, he said, were the elites, while the Hutus were the middle class and the Twa were the low, poor class.

The linguist, who speaks French, Kinyarwanda, English and Swahili, said that a social revolution in 1959 shifted the balance of power and led to many Tutsis fleeing the country. The exiles and their supporters, he said, regrouped both at home and abroad over the years and eventually supported a rebel invasion that fueled the massacres in 1994.

Munyakazi said he left his job as professor of linguistics at a northern campus of National University of Rwanda in 1992 because people from the southern part of the country were not welcome there. He was working in Kigali as executive secretary general of a federation of Rwandan unions when the bloodshed began. Munyakazi said militias destroyed his home, and he was later arrested and kept in jail for five years without any charges.

After his release in 1999, Munyakazi taught French at the Kigali Institute of Education until 2004, when he attended the 11th World Congress of Teachers of French in Atlanta and chose to remain in the U.S. out of fear that he would be arrested upon his return to Rwanda. A colleague at the conference, he said, warned him that he would have to answer for his presentation, which appeared to contradict the government. Worse, his wife informed him that he faced arrest upon his return home because he was on a list of 500 “divisionists” that had just been released by the Rwanda government.

Munyakazi said his presentation at UD had drawn objection from the Rwanda Embassy in Washington, D.C. The UD provost's office confirmed that such an objection was received and responded to.

“I would prefer to have the people from the embassy come and sit with you and listen to me,” Munyakazi, who also challenged any person with opposing views to a public debate, said. “They are accusing me, but they don't talk officially in the open when they are accusing me of something so serious. It's not fair.... I am still being threatened.”

Munyakazi's wife recently joined him, but three of their children are still in Rwanda while two older children are seeking asylum in France. He taught French at a Pennsylvania high school before he joined Montclair State University on a one-year appointment through a grant from the Scholars at Risk Network (SAR), a growing international network of more than 100 universities and colleges that works to promote academic freedom and assist scholars experiencing threats in their home countries, primarily by arranging temporary positions for these individuals at network universities and colleges.

Speaking at the forum, which was sponsored by the Office of the Provost and the local chapter of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), Robert Quinn, director of SAR, said Munyakazi is “an example of the numerous, deeply courageous scholars we have been able to meet in our network.”

Gerald Turkel, immediate past president of AAUP at UD, said the well-attended forum showed the continued interest among faculty and administrators in issues of academic freedom in an international context.

“The main concern is not deciding who is right or wrong on any particular issue, rather that we value discussion, we value academic freedom, where issues can be discussed without the threat of intimidation, without reprisal,” Turkel said.

Editor's note: Munyakazi approved the use of his name and photograph for this article.

Article by Martin Mbugua
Photos by Duane Perry

Ndahimana Joseph <jndahim...@yahoo.fr> a écrit :

Ŕ: uRwand...@yahoogroups.com
Cc: rwanda-l forum <rwan...@yahoogroups.com>,
rwandanet forum <rwan...@yahoogroups.com>,
Democracy Human Rights <democracy_h...@yahoogroupes.fr>
De: Ndahimana Joseph <jndahim...@yahoo.fr>
Date: Tue, 18 Sep 2007 00:43:29 +0200 (CEST)
Objet: [rwandanet] RE : UMWAMI KIGERI YIHAKANWE N'ABO YAKAMIYE! (Bravo)

 

Muvandimwe Dr Léopold Munyakazi,

 

Nanditse ngirango ngushimire ubuhanga, ubushishozi n'ugushyira mu gaciro biranga ibitekerezo by'ingirakamaro bikubiye muri iyi nyandiko yawe.

 

Biragaragara neza ko gutegura iyi nyandiko byagutwaye igihe kinini.  Ariko ntiwaruhiye ubusa.  Ndahamya ko buri Munyarwanda wese, aho ari hose, ashobora kuvana inyigisho y'ingirakamaro mu bitekerezo utugejejeho.

 

Nafashe igihe gihagije nsoma iyi nyandiko yawe.  Ntabwo ari inyandiko abantu bashobora kujyaho impaka bahereye ku ngingo imwe muri ziriya ngingo indwi (zirindwi) watangaje.  Byaba byiza buri wese ushaka kugira icyo avuga ku iyi nyandiko afashe igihe gihagije akayisoma yose mbere yo kugira icyo ayivugaho.  Bityo, Aho babereye, Abanyarwanda bakabona bakajya impaka zishingiye ku ntango ifite ireme.  Ureke ibyo bamazemo imyaka agahiryi birangwa n'ubuswa, kwirengagiza ukuri no guhuguza mu bitekerezo.

 

Imana ikurinde.

 

Joseph

munyakazi leopold <cmunyakazi2@ yahoo.fr> a écrit :

UMWAMI MWUMVA NTABWO

ARI UMWANZI W’URWANDA

Dr. Léopold Munyakazi

0. INTAGIRIRO

Nyuma y’ikiganiro Nyakubahwa Umwami w’uRwanda Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yatangiye kuri  Radiyo BBC ku itariki ya 17-18 Kanama 2007, inyandiko nyinshi zaracicikanye ku mbuga zitandukanye za murandasi. Nk’uko bisa n’ibyamenyerewe mu biganiro byose byerekeye uRwanda,  Abanyarwanda bumva ko bagomba kwigabanya mo ibipande bibiri rugikubita: icy’abashyigikiye n’icy’abarwanya igitekerezo runaka. Biterwa n’uko  benshi biyemeje kugengwa n’amarangamutima aho gushingira intekerezo yabo ku isuzuma ryimbitse ry’impamvu zibatera kubogamira aha cyangwa hariya.

Bityo rero, muri izo nyandiko zacicikanye ku mbuga, hari mo abashyigikiye ku mugaragaro igitekerezo cy’uko ubwami ari bwo bushobora kuzahura uRwanda mu bizazane bikomeye rumaze mo imyaka myinshi, ndetse bakanongera ho ko umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa ari we, mu bantu bayoboye uRwanda mu rwego rwo hejuru bakiri ho, washobora kunga Abanyarwanda bose kandi akabaha ihumure n’ituze bagaturana neza kandi bakabana mu mahoro.

Hari mo n’abandi, kubera impamvu zinyuranye bagiye bagaragaza, bavuga ko ubwami nta mwanya bugifite mu bihe tugeze mo, kandi ko nta kigaragaza ko umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa afite za mbuto abiru n’abacurabwenge bajyaga bapfumbatiza uwo bashakaga kwimika.

 Iki kibazo cy’umwami n’ubwami kimaze iminsi kigibwa ho impaka no mu Rwanda nyirizina kuko hari benshi cyakururiye ingorane. Nifuzaga kugira icyo nkivuga ho muri uyu mwandiko nifashishije izi ngingo indwi zikurikira. Uwashaka yajya asoma ingingo imwe mu munsi hanyuma akagira na we igitekerezo anyungura. Izo ngingo ni izi:

1. Umwami yafatiwe ibyemezo n’Ababirigi, Abanyamashyaka na Rubanda
2. Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa mu mateka y’Inyenzi-Inkotanyi
3. Umwami yihakanwe n’abo yakamiye n’abo baruhanye
4. Umwami baramuhata ibicumuro bitabarika
5. Ubwami mu ruhando rw’imitegekere ya demokarasi na repuburika
6. Umwami ubereye uRwanda yaba ameze ate?
7. Umwami uRwanda rukeneye azimikwa ate?

1.     UMWAMI YAFATIWE IBYEMEZO N’ABABIRIGI,

ABANYAMASHYAKA NA RUBANDA

Impaka ku bwami no ku mwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa si iza none. Kuva bigitangira ku ya 28 Nyakanga 1959, Ababirigi ntibari bashyigikiye byimaze yo umwami wimitswe n’abiru (batari bagifite umwanya mu butegetsi bw’igihugu) ku buryo butunguranye, ni ukuvuga batabigiye mo inama n’abategetsi b’Ababirigi,  kandi ku buryo bunyuranyije n’imihango isanzwe yo kwimika umwami mu muco w’Abanyarwanda. Ni cyo abanyamateka bise kudeta y’I Mwima. Byakomereje aho umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa ananiranwa n’Abazungu bose, ari abo mu butegetsi bwa Reta ari n’abanyamadini. Ibyo kutamushyigikira byaje kuva mo kumurwanya ku mugaragaro. Abazungu rero icyo bakoze ni ukumuteza abanyamashyaka n’abaturage ibitero by’abatwa b’ibwami n’insoresore z’abatutsi byari bimaze kwica mo abatari bake ngo bazira kuba Abaporosoma. Ku wa 28 Mutarama 1961, Ababurugumesitiri n’abajyanama 2.873 batorewe mu mashyaka agaragara yari ho  bateraniye i Gitarama bashagawe n’imbaga y’abaturage bagera ku 25.000 maze  bafata icyemezo (ku bwiganze bw’amajwi 80%) cyo gukura ho ubwami n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. Umwami wimye ingoma nshya ya repuburika na demokarasi bamubatije “Perezida” aba ari ryo  izina rishya ry’ubutegetsi.  Kigeri V Ndahindurwa ntiyemeye iryo teka ry’intumwa z’abaturage zasimbuje ubwami repuburika, zikanamunyaga ubwami zitaramwimitse. Yatanze ikirego muri Roni maze itegeka ko izikoreshereza ubwayo amatora ya  Kamarampaka yaje kuba ku ya 25 Nzeri 1961 akerekana imyanzuro ikurikira: abatifuza ubwami: 1.006.339 ku batoye 1.260.302; abadashaka Kigeri V Ndahindurwa: 1.004.655 ku batoye 1.262.165 . Iyi mibare iboneka mu gitabo cyakusanyijwe na Fideri Nkundabagenzi, 1962.

Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa na none ntiyemeye ibyavuye muri ayo matora, kuko ku bwe yabonaga ko amatora yafifitswe, ariko ntiyashoboye kugaragaza ubujura n’ubuhendanyi bwabaye muri ayo matora, cyane cyane ko  yari ahagarariwe na Roni yari imuteye ingabo mu bitugu ku buryo bwirengagije  kurarama bugakabya kubogama. Aha hari ikintu abantu bakwiriye kuzajya bibaza ho : Iteka iyo umuntu atsinzwe amatora, avuga ko yabaye mo amahugu, ko bamwibye amajwi, n’ibindi n’ibindi, none ho akabonera ho intandaro yo gushoza intambara mu gihugu cye ashakira abayoboke ku ruhembe rw’umuheto. Ni ryari rero umuntu azashobora kugira ubutwari bwo kwemera ko na nyina w’undi abyara umuhungu? Ikoranabuhanga rigezwe ho ryadufasha iki kugira ngo dukore amatora buri wese yakwemera ko yakozwe mu mucyo? Ibi ndabivugira ko no mu bihugu bikoresha ubugeni bwa mudasobwa mu matora, buri gihe hashorwa imanza z’uko izo mashini kabuhariwe bazigobetse mo akantu nka bwa buryo bw’abacuruzi bwo kunyonga umunzani mu kwiba ibiro!

2.     UMWAMI  KIGERI V NDAHINDURWA MU MATEKA

Y’INYENZI-INKOTANYI

Abami babiri ni bo bavugwa cyane mu mateka y’Inyenzi-Inkotanyi: Rwabugiri zatoye ho urugero n’icyivugo na Ndahindurwa wakoranye na zo. Aho Kigeri V Ndahindurwa  aboneye ko ubwami abuburiye mu banyamashyaka (28/1/1961) no mu mbaga y’Abanyarwanda (25/9/1961), ko inkunga ya Roni ntacyo azayimaza mu gihe Ababirigi bagifite ubutegetsi mu gihugu batamushaka, yabuze ahandi yakandira maze ahitamo kwishora mu bunyeshyamba, ingabo zitari zashoboye kumurwanirira mu ntambara y’amatora y’imbere mu gihugu azihindura “Inyenzi” zigaba ibitero zitwikiriye ijoro n’amashyamba yose y’uRwanda. Yari yageze mu rwego rw’“abahinza”, ba bami b’ibyigomeke ku ngoma y’abami n’ubutegetsi bw’abanyiginya. Na we ubwo yari yahindutse icyigomeke ku butegetsi bwa Repuburika.

“Inyenzi” rero zagiye ziyitiranya n’ “udusimba dukunda kuba mu bishingwe” cyangwa se “Ingangurarugo ziyemeje kuba ingenzi”, bitewe n’imigambi zabaga zigamije n’abo zakoraga ho poropagande, muri wa muco Abanyarwanda bamwe batiza abiyita abatutsi bavuga ko bahorana nibuze indimi ebyiri mu kanwa. Muzarebe amagambo “cockroach” cyangwa “cafard/cancrelat” yamamajwe mu bitabo byandikwa n’amasenema ahimbwa ku Rwanda, maze mutekereze uwagiye ayatangira insobanuro n’icyo yabaga agamije.  Izo “Nyenzi” zaje kwiyuburura mo “Inkotanyi” maze umunyamakuru Ruwiza Kayibanda azibonera icyivugo cy’inyongera ngo ni “Imburagasani” . Izo Nyenzi-Nkotanyi ziganye imico ya Bicura n’ingabo ze kubera inyungu z’agatsiko k’intagondwa zari mu buyobozi bwazo, maze zitobanga umuco w’Abanyarwanda zikora amahano yo kwirengagiza ihame ryavugaga ngo “URwanda ruratera ntiruterwa”. Kuva icyo gihe ni bwo na none byagaragaye ko “Usenya urwe umutiza umuhoro”. Koko rero, “Inyenzi” zabonye inkunga zituruka imihanda yose, ariko aho kuzikoresha zubaka uRwanda rwari rwarazahajwe n’ingoma nyiginya, n’ubukoroni bw’Ababirigi  n’imyivumbagatanyo ya rubanda rugufi, zazishoye mu bitero bihungabanya umutekano w’igihugu, bimena amaraso y’Abanyarwanda, ndetse bigakururira ibyago bikomeye ibyitso byabonekaga mu batari bahunganye na ba shebuja  bakemera  kuyoboka bya nyirarureshwa ubutegetsi bushya. Abantu bamwe bagiye bashaka guhakana cyangwa gutubya uruhare rw’ibyitso mu mahano yagwiriye uRwanda mu bihe by’ibitero by’Inyenzi, ariko ndibwira ko abo bose ibitabo bya Varensi Kajeguhakwa , Buduru Ruzibiza n’abandi byabavanye ku izima n’ikinyoma.

 “Inyenzi” zaje kubona ko urugamba rwo kwisubiza ubutegetsi zitazarutsinda nizikomeza imigambi n’ingamba zihitana abana b’uRwanda batagira ingano. Ni bwo ziyemeje kubanza gushaka inkunga zikomeye mu mahanga, ariko zitirengagije gukomeza kugwiza ibyitso n’ibizungerezi mu nzego zose z’ubutegetsi bw’imbere mu Rwanda no mu butegetsi bw’ibihugu by’andi mahanga. Uwashaka kumenya  imikorere y’ibyitso imbere mu gihugu, yasoma igitabo cya  V. Kajeguhakwa ( 2001) wari umukuru w’ibyitso n’abacengezi ku ngoma za Kayibanda na Habyarimana. Umuganda wa ba Robwa bo muri ibi bihe uraboneka buri munsi, cyane cyane mu banyamahanga bakiguye mo bagashiduka bashinga amashyaka n’amashyirahamwe bahahira mo inkwano n’ibihano basabwa gutanga. Mu guhindura ingamba rero, “Inyenzi” zahinduye n’izina ziyita “Inkotanyi”, ari cyo cyivugo cy’umwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri wamamaye mu mateka nk’umwami “gashozantambara” na “rukarabankaba” , akaba ari na we wakuruye ubutati butagira ingano mu Banyarwanda abatandukanya mo “amoko” y’“Abahutu”, “Abatutsi” n’“Abatwa” ashingiye ku butunzi no  ku “buretwa” butabaga ho mbere y’ingoma ye(Reba igitabo cya J. Vansina, 2001). Uwashaka kumenya  umubare w’ibitero Rwabugiri yagabye n’imitegekere ye yasoma ibitabo bya Aregisi  Kagame, 1975  na Benedigito Murihano, 1988. Icyo gihe ni bwo yakumva neza imigambi nyayo n’impamvu z’abateye uRwanda mu Kwakira 1990 baturutse I Bugande, akumva n’inshingano nyakuri z’uwiyita Sharangabo wagabiwe umurimo w’“umumotsi”  kuri izi  mbuga za murandasi, izina rye akaba yararitiye umuhungu wa Rwabugiri nyirizina.

Wenda hari abadashobora kubona ku buryo bworoshye ibyo bitabo mbarangiye ariko bakaba bafite amatsiko yo kumenya ho duke kuri Rwabugiri. Mu magambo make, umwami Kigeri IV Rwabugiri yari afite ingabo zitwaga “Ingangurarugo” zateshejwe ishema n’agaciro n’Inyenzi zazitiye izina.  Rwabugiri yari azwi kandi  ku izina ry’icyivugo cye “Inkotanyi cyane” ryatoraguwe  n’iziyise “Iz’amarere”, izi zayogoje uRwanda zikarugeza aho umwanzi ashaka cyangwa aho umwana arira nyina ntiyumve, mu buryo busumbye kure ubugome n’ubunyamaswa  Rwabugiri yasize abibye mu Banyarwanda. Abakeka ko ibyo mvuga ari amakabyankuru cyangwa ibisebyo bakwisomera  inkuro ngufi y’umuvugo Padiri Aregisi Kagame yahimbye agenekereza iby’ingoma ya Rwabugiri. Iby’“ubumanzi” bwa Rwabugiri  tubisanga mu muvugo wa 21 w’agatabo kitwa Isoko y’Amajyambere ( no2, 1950, pp.95-103 ):

“Umwami twimitse ubu ni KIGERI

Akitwa RWABUGIRI, iritutsi.

Ayendanye ubukaka bw’ivumbi,

Amahanga arakubana amuhunga.

Ati: “Ndi intwari batijana,

Nabyirukanye isheja rityaye

Nkurana kuba Inyimura-bahinza

Inkotanyi yahariwe gutsinda.

[…] Karinga yanshimiye ibyo bigwi

Izi ko narwanye ishyaka nashinzwe.

Gushishwa, ubwoba, kuzarira

Kirazira, mbibwirwa imbarirano!”

Tukamusubiza

Uri Inkotanyi cyane

Uri Muhungira-nteko

Uri na Rwabiza-murego

Uri Ruganzu rwa kabiri.

Wihogora urata ibigwi

Kubimenya turabikurusha

Twasanze babikuvuga

Turabyiga mu bitaramo!

Unkundire ngushengerere

Ndi nk’umuhakwa utiganda;

Sinakereye kuryarya

Nkaba imena yo mu bayoboke.

Ndi umutasi w’ibizaza

Ngahanura iby’ubuvivi

Nkamenyesha nyirigihugu

Ibyo bazahamunegurira.

Ni akarimo k’amaruhanya

Kagashobora mbarwa muri twe

Kuba ari inzirwa mu buhake:

Ukagaceceka ngo uhagabane,

Nyoboka Umukuru w’Igihugu

Nkamurabukira amanyakuri

Nkaba umutasi umwongorera

Ibyo bavuga bahwihwisa

Uzabazwa ngo Nyirakigeri

N’urugori rw’Ingoma Nyiginya

Rwavuniwe kuri Mbirima

Byaramvuwe ho indahiro

Iyo bateruye na Nkoronko

Baramamana ngo baceceke:

Byashegeshe benshi urora,

Ukabashisha mu gihagararo!

Bashyira ho Rwampembwe

N’inkongi yo ku Murehe,

N’amakuba y’icyangaro:

Bakakwita insiba gihugu!

Bavuga Nyiraburunga

N’imbaga y’abagore bawe

Watikirije mu Burembo

Ukaba icyorezo barahira

Aho wagejeje Nzirumbanje

Uko wagenjeje Remera

Nyantaba na Ntizimira

Ntibizashira Rubanda.

Wubahutse Nyiringango

Babona ko utari umuntu

Baraguheba nk’uwazimiye

Bakakwita itatabya.

Uwakwishyuza Baramba

We na Nsoro yo mu Bushubi?

Na Kagoro wo mu Mazinga

N’umuyoboke w’Itambi?

Uwavuga ibyo uzanegurwa

Akabivana na ruhande

Byamurikwa icyumweru

Babitonda ku murongo.

Imbaga woreje mu Rwanda

Kuyivuga ntibyashoboka

Ko watebeje urupfu kwica

Ngo rutajyaga rurushwa!

Umurimo muto ni ukubara

Abakurokotse bakarama

Ukabasiga bakiri bazima

Utabakubise Rwagakoco!

Wibuka ko mbere hose

Nta Mwami wicaga atyo?

Ubwo bugetanyi wadukanye

Uzaratwa bwemere ko?

Inzira wabaga waciye

Wayisasaga mo imicuzo

N’imitumbi n’ibihanga;

Ari abawe wiraye mo!

Uko bukeye utabisiba

Rijye kurasa wasinze!

Utange abatagira icyaha

Bazize ko wazonzwe inzoga!

Ubwo butegetsi bw’isindwe,

Ry’ubutaretsa ijoro n’amanywa

Byavanga n’ubwenge

Ngo buseruke wekuyoba?

Nyahiniye aha Nyirigihugu

Nashyugumbwaga n’amahame

Yo kubwiriza Rubanda

Ndaruhutse ubwo nyavubuye!

Ndayarungitse nyaragire

Nyorore nyahembere

Nzaburire ubuvivi

Ngo batagwa mu mahwa y’ububi.

Nziyorobeka n’iBwami

Mu ngoro ya Se w’Abantu

Na we amenye ko nyuma adahari

Biteze kuzamuvuga.

Yirinde ibyo wagawe ho

Agororokere imbaga imurora

Azabe umususurutsa- ngoma

Ahoze uRwanda mu mpundu.”

Ngiyo imico y’umwami w’intwari “Inyenzi- Inkotanyi” zahise mo kugira umutoza! Abirirwa rero batayanjwa batakira, baganyira cyangwa bayagira Inkotanyi ni uguta igihe n’amagambo nka bya bindi byo gucurangira abahetsi cyangwa guta inyuma ya Huye. Inkotanyi zaje mu Rwanda zifite gahunda yazo kandi yamaze kwigaragaza. Ntibigikomeye rero kwisobanurira ubugome burenze kamere n’ubuzirampuhwe dusangana uwitwa Inkotanyi wese. Koko rero, nta kintu cyo mu rwego rw’ubugira nabi Inkotanyi zasize inyuma, ku buryo abantu badatinya kuvuga ko ari zo za “Ngabo za Sekibi” zihora zihanganye n’“Ingabo z’Umwami”. Kolini na  Murigande baba basenga imana zo mu yihe gehonomu ko byabananiye guhashya ibyo binyabubasha? Rutayisire we ngo ibyari Faith under Fire byaba byarahindutse  “Faith and Failure” kuko byakabije kwivanga na porotiki! Imana yonyine ni yo yirindiye uRwanda kuko abarinzi b’amarembo bose bahunikiye.

Nuko rero, kimwe n’Inyenzi, “Inkotanyi”  na zo zashatse inkunga mu mahanga yose, mu bihangange byo mu mpande zose z’isi, ndetse no muri Roni yari yarakomeje gushyigikira “Inyenzi” kuva na mbere hose. Na none, aho kugira ngo “Inkotanyi” zimbike inkunga zahawe mu mishinga yo kubaka uRwanda rwari rukiri ku itonde ry’ibihugu bikabije ubutindi, zayishoye mu ntambara yahitanye abana b’uRwanda batagira ingano, intambara yasatiriye akarere kose, none ubu  imbere mu gihugu ikaba yarahawe akazina ka “gacaca- rwagakoco”. Uwashyira se  ku munzani yazasanga uRwanda rwarungukiye ibingana iki mu ntambara rwashowe mo kuva  ku ya mbere Ukuboza 1990? Cyangwa se ahubwo yasanga hari agatsiko k’abantu bahataniye inyungu zabo bwite birengagije iz’igihugu n’iz’Abanyarwanda muri rusange? Aha na none abantu bakunze kuhajya impaka za ngoturwane zikabura gica, cyane cyane ko “abacitse ku icumu” bavuga bati icyo dukeneye ni ikituramutsa , naho ibindi byose ni amashyengo mu gihe nta wuzatugarurira abacu baguye mu nkomati y’abasibaniraga ubutegetsi.

Nta wundusha kumenya ubukana n’ubucurame bw’ingoma ya Kinani  mu kuntera ipfunwe na sentiri no kumpigira ubutaruhuka, ariko nemeza ko iyo irari rikabije ry’Inkotanyi ritajya kuzicurika umutima ngo zishakire muri “jenoside” amakiriro zitashoboraga kuzapfa ziboneye muri demokarasi, Abanyarwanda ubwabo bari gushobora kwigobotora  ingoma y’igitugu hatamenetse amaraso angana n’ayo Inkotanyi n’Interahamwe zanywereye ubucibwe bwazo. N’iyo abere n’inyangamugayo baba ari bo bake  mu mahano yagwiriye uRwanda guhera mu wa 1990, nta muntu n’umwe  ushobora kunganya amafuti n’Inkotanyi. Imana zigira ni uko abazikingiye ikibaba bafite ingufu, bakiharira ijambo ku mbuga zose kandi bagaca imanza uko babishaka, batiriwe bazirikana ko mu Rwanda hari umugani ugana ku butabera nyabwo ugira  ngo “Uca urubanza rw’abavandimwe arararama”. Ibyo Abadaki, Ababirigi n’Abasenyeri bamwe bakoze mu Rwanda rwa mbere ya 1959 biri mo gukorwa muri iki gihe n’abandi cyangwa se mu bundi buryo, ariko ikibabaje ni uko na none abategetsi bacu bahora ari  “Ndiyo Bwana” bazongera wenda kuvuga ngo “Twari ibikoresho gusa nta jambo twari dufite!”, ngo “Ibibi byose n’amacakubiri byazanywe n’Abazungu!”. Nta kwiregura na guke kuri aho, ahubwo hari mo impamvu nyongeracyaha. Abakamisha buri munsi aya “jenoside” ntibarumva ko bari mo kwiha amenyo y’abasetsi.

 Amateka ni yo azabisonanura byose  umunsi  MINUAR yari mo gukinira uruhande rumwe kandi yiyita umusifuzi izagera ubwo itaburura inyandiko zose, senema n’ibindi bimenyetso byose simusiga yakusanyije kuva mu wa 1990 kugeza ku ntambara zo muri Kongo unyuze ku buhotozi bwa za Kibeho, Mugunga, Tingitingi na Mabuso zuzuye igihugu cyose. Kugeza ubu ibyo bimenyetso yategetswe kubitabika mu mitamenwa y’imiturirwa ya Roni, noneho bamwe mu bitegereje ibyabaye byose bahatirwa kuzenguruka isi bavuga amateshwa aho kubara inkuru y’imvaho. Abanyamateka, abanyamakuru, abanyamasenema, abashakashatsi, abanditsi, abagenzacyaha n’abacamanza,  ndetse n’ababwirizabutumwa bajyaga bizerwa n’isi yose beguriwe imigabane mu minyago bategekwa kutamama n’akajisho ku mahano yagwiriye uRwanda na n’ubu akiruhekura. Mu gihe abahamya b’ukuri bari mo kujujubywa, izo “nzobere” ahubwo zirasabwa gukoresha ubuhangare n’igitinyiro zisanganwe ngo zemeze amahanga  yose ibinyoma bigamije guhishira umwanzi nya we wahekuye uRwanda. Baribeshya ariko. Ngo “Umuntu ntayoberwa umwibye ayoberwa aho amuhishe”. Abahekuye uRwanda bose n’abayogoje akarere k’ibiyaga bigari  barazwi, ariko bahindutse indakoreka kuko ngo “Uhagarikiwe n’ingwe aravoma”. Iminsi y’igisambo ariko ni mirongo ine kandi n’uwendeye nyina mu nyenga yarashyize aramenyekana. Nta mwobo ba Gahini  bazabona usumbya ubujyakuzimu uwa Saddam Hussein, kandi ijisho ry’Imana rizababuza ibitotsi iteka ryose ribishyuza abavandimwe babo bishe cyangwa bicishije. Nitureke kwiyanduriza ubusa tubatunga agatoki cyangwa tubamagana mu “mitamenwa” biyubakira bibwira ko ari “indaki” bazihisha mo. Umugabo Bruguičre ni we wakomye akamu bwa mbere ati  “ Muratange badatoroka!” none bose batangiye kuyatokomwa. None se mama umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yafatwa nk’umufatanyacyaha kubera inkunga yateye Inyenzi n’Inkotanyi, cyangwa se yafatwa nk’umwere kubera ko yageze aho akitandukanya na zo? Amateka ntacyo aratangaza kuri iyi ngingo. Dutegereje bene ubwite ko baziva mo nk’inopfu.

3.     UMWAMI YIHAKANWE N’ABO YAKAMIYE N’ABO

BARUHANYE

Mu mateka y’uRwanda ya vuba aha, Abatoni bakuru b’ibwami bagize uruhare rukomeye mu iyicwa cyangwa inyagwa ry’abami bane ba nyuma : Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa, Yuhi V Musinga, Mutara III Rudahigwa na Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. Uretse ibya Rutarindwa byisobanuriye ku Rucunshu, ingorane abandi bami bagize nta wazegeka ku Bazungu gusa, kuko bene wabo b’abatware, abatoni, ibikomangoma n’abagaragu batari baboroheye. Igisetsa rero ni uko bamwe birengagiza nkana  ubutati, ubucakura, ubugambanyi, ubwicanyi, ubucakara, ubunyunyusi n’ubukandamize byaranze ubutegetsi bwa cyami, ugasanga nta soni bafite zo kuvuga ko uRwanda rw’icyo gihe rwari ubusitani bwa paradizo! Bitera isesemi n’umujinya, ariko abamenyereye iby’imvugo ya poropagande ntibibakanga: Ikinyoma gihabwa intebe rimwe!

Reka twikomereze ku by’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa.  Impamvu yo gukomoza ku  mateka y’Inkotanyi, ni uko umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yamenyeshejwe imigambi yazo yo gutera igihugu kavukire kuva zikitwa Inyenzi, ariko akaba asa n’utarumvikanye n’abayobozi bamwe b’Inkotanyi ku ngamba zo kwigarurira ubutegetsi. Twumva ko ubwo bwumvikane buke ari na bwo bwaba bwarabaye intandaro y’urupfu rwa Gisa Rwigema. Gisa ngo ari ahuje ingamba n’ibitekerezo n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa, ibitekerezo ngo byagenderaga kure ikintu cyose cyakwicisha Abanyarwanda bangana n’ab’intambara y’Inkotanyi yahitanye (Reba ubuhamya bwa A. J. Ruzibiza). Ntibyatangaza rero ubutegetsi bw’Inkotanyi burwanyije umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa, kuko atigeze ashyigikira gahunda zijyanye no kurimbura Abanyarwanda nk’uko Inkotanyi zabipanze. Koko rero, dore n’uwitwa ko akuriye Inkotanyi kandi akayobora uRwanda  ntahwema kwitotomba ngo ikimushengura  umutima ni uko atashoboye gutsemba no kuroha mu Kivu  Abanyarwanda yabatije abicanyi n’Interahamwe. Abo yajugunye  mu Kagera, mu biyaga, mu migezi, mu byobo byo mu Rwanda no mu mashyamba y’I Bugande na Kongo ntibigeze batsirika  inyota ye y’ubuhotoranyi. Ni nde mu Nkotanyi ushobora kwivuga ko yarushije shebuja kwica abashenzi mu byo  “kuondoa vumbi”, cyangwa ko amurusha imashini zisya “ibigori” biva amaraso aho kuva mo ifu, cyangwa “amakaramu akomeretsa” abatamukomera amashyi? Igitwenge giteye ishozi ni cyo cyonyine umuntu ashobora  guseka agacira n’amacandwe y’indurwe iyo amwumvise yishyira ngo mu mubare w’abarokoye bene wabo,  kandi yigamba ko yarushije Inkotanyi Rwabugiri utari warigeze arushwa  mu kumara Abanyarwanda b’ingeri zose ahereye ku bo mu muryango we n’urugo rwe bwite! 

No mu gihe ubutegetsi bw’inzibacyuho bwari hafi gucyura igihe, Inkotanyi zakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo zikumire ibitekerezo by’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. Zari zarabanje kwigiza yo mu buryo bunyuranye abantu bose bakekwaga ho gukorana n’umwami, tuvuge nka Yozefu Sebarenzi. Nta wakwibagirwa ibyavuzwe n’ibyakozwe byose mu rwego rwo kurwanya abahimbwe akazina k’“Ingabo z’Umwami” kugira ngo haboneke intandaro yo kubasera muri za mashini zagenewe ibigori byiha kumera ahagenewe ubwatsi bw’Inyambo. Ni  no muri icyo gihe hatangajwe “Inkuru ya Bwana Bizumuremyi Pascal” mu kinyamakuru Umuseso mu Kwakira 2002. Na none muri ibi bihe batangiye gutekereza no gutegura amatora azaba mu mwaka wa 2008, harakorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibitekerezo by’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa biburizwe mo byoye kumenyekana, nk’uko Ababirigi bamukumiriye mu matora bakamwuriza indege igitararaganya. Ngo abambari ba Kagame barahihibikanira kwikoma radiyo BBC yagiranye ikiganiro n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. Kuki ingoma y’Inkotanyi ifite ingabo zitabarika imbere mu gihugu no “mu butumwa mu mahanga” ifite  ubwoba butagira ingano  bw’uko Abanyarwanda bashobora gutora ku bwende bwabo umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa ngo yunamure uRwanda arubohore akandoyi k’Inkotanyi? Ziratinya se ko amatora yazageza Abanyarwanda ku butegetsi bubatinyura  kuvuga n’akari imurori? Ibi byo byaratangiye ntaho bagishoboye kubigarurira, kabone n’iyo bakomeza kwigarurira  no guhongera ibinyamakuru byose by’isi n’abanditsi b’ibihuha bihimbirwa guhishira abicanyi.

Hari ikibazo gikomeye abantu bari bakwiye kwibaza ku mwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. Ni kuki uyu mwami yakomeje gutera ikidodo abategetsi b’Inkotanyi? Ni mpamvu ki Inkotanyi zakomeje kugira ubwoba bwo gukorana na we? Visenti Rwabukwisi ni we wabanje kugira ingorane zo kubonana n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa muri za 1991-1992, ariko nyuma hari abandi benshi batotejwe kubera kuvugana no gukorana na Kigeri. No mu nkuru yanditswe na Pasikari Bizumuremyi mu kinyamakuru Umuseso, biragaragara ko yagombaga kubariza abantu mu ibanga rikomeye cyane ibyerekeye umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. Hari  n’Abanyarwanda baterwa ubwoba no kubonana na Kigeri V Ndahindurwa no kumushengerera aho yibereye mu buhungiro ngo hato hatagira umwambari w’ingoma y’Inkotanyi ubatanga ho raporo zibarega ubugambanyi. Mbese umwami waciwe n’Ababirigi,  n’abanyamashyaka na Kamarampaka mu 1961 na n’ubu ntarahabwa ihumure ngo abamukunda bamuhe umuriro? Pasikari Bizumuremyi ahamya yihanukiriye kandi nta gihamya atanga ko mu Rwanda hari abantu bake bakunda umwami, ariko ntiyagaragaje uko yakoze iryo barura. Mbese ko abamwanze mu 1961 bari bafite impamvu zo kumuhigika, harya nk’Inkotanyi zifitanye masinde ki na Kigeri? Mbese  wenda ntibaba bikeka ko bamuhuguje ibyo umuco w’igihugu  n’umurage w’umuryango umuhera uburenganzira? Abashimusi bo mu rwuri no mu ruhongore baba se baraciriye urwaho mu mihango yo kwambika no kwasira bagasingira Karinga nyirizina?

Mu muvugo w’ubuse yise Indege y’ubumwe Rwanda rw’ubu, 1999, Farasisiko Saveri Gasimba aratiza Murigande amagambo  ngo asobanure ko “ikibazo” cy’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa kitarabonerwa igisubizo. Ingamba zose Kigeri yambariye arwanira ishyaka ingoma yarazwe wabona zimuviriye mo kuruha nk’uwa Kavuna! Cyangwa se twibwire ko ubusaza bwaba bwaratumye asubira bwana  akibagirwa ko umwana w’umwega ahora arikanuye? Reka twibukiranye amwe mu magambo y’uwo muvugo:

“Ubwo ni Nyakubahwa Murigande

Uvugana ikiniga cyinshi cyane

- Jye murabyumva sinagenda

Ikibazo cya Kigeri kikiri ho

Yanze kumvira ku neza

Yenda azumvira ku nabi

Impunzi zanze gutahuka

Tubona ari cyo cyazishobora.

Jye nateganyaga kumwagaza

Akaza nk’uko abandi baza

Yari no kuza mu iyi ndege

Tukamugororera mu ngando

Akagira imyumvire y’ubuyobozi

Nk’iyo twamenyereje abandi

Bamutanze gutahuka.

Byaba ngombwa agafata umuheto

Imbunda ntabwo yazishobora

Iza rutura ni zo dutunze

Akajya guhangana n’amahanga

Agaterekera abasokuruza

Ba Rujugira ba Ruganzu

Ndetse na Sekuru Rwabugiri

Nk’uko byavuzwe na Rugamba

Akusa cya kivi cy’abakambwe.

Ndetse agategekwa gusaba imbabazi

Kuko yabaye umugambanyi

Agirana ibanga na ba banzi

Basebya Reta y’abadatana

Acura imigambi yo kurutaha

Ateretse ku ngoma y’ibinyita

Abega bapfaga n’Abanyiginya

Bamena amaraso y’Abanyarwanda.

Yananirana tukamufunga

Byo kumurinda ngo batamwica

Ba bacengezi bakituri mo

Kuko amahanga yahagurukira

Kubishinja Reta y’ubumwe.

Nta Kamarampaka twe dushaka

Ariko n’umwami ntitumushaka

Twe icyo dushaka ni twe tukizi.

Mu bitanga ntimundebe

Ibyo murabyumva runo rubanza

Muri mwe ntawe narusigira

Naba muraze ibyatunaniye.

Nzategereza Kigeri atange

Nanjye nemere kwitanga.”(pp. 22-23)

4. UMWAMI BARAMUHATA IBICUMURO BITABARIKA

Mu bihe by’intangiro y’ingoma y’Inkotanyi, ntabwo umwami Kigeri V yari yibasiwe cyane. Ahubwo abayoboke be ni bo bagiye batotezwa ku mugaragaro babita “Ingabo z’umwami”, bikaba byarasobanuraga ko batari mu ngabo ziyobowe na Kagame. Byitwaga ko bakurura amacakubiri, ariko na bo ntibigeze bayahanirwa kuko “amacakubiri” yo mu Rwanda rw’Inkotanyi afite abo yagenewe. Mbere y’amatora yo mu wa 2003, ni bwo umwami Kigeri yashyizwe mu majwi ku mugaragaro, ari nk’uburyo bwo kumvisha abayoboke be ko nta burenganzira bafite bwo kumutanga ho umukandida ku mwanya wo kuyobora igihugu. Ni ho havuye  intandaro n’impamvu y’inyandiko yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Umuseso. Muri iyo nyandiko, hari mo ibibazo byinshi ngo byabajijwe n’Abanyarwanda batavuzwe amazina n’umubare. Hari mo ibirego bitagira ingano ariko bimwe muri byo bidafite shinge na rugero. Hari mo n’ibitekerezo bicurikiranye ku buryo umuntu ashaka ingingo n’urunyiriri rwa bimwe muri byo  agaheba. Mu by’ukuri intego y’iyo nyandiko yari iyo kubiba mu Banyarwanda imbamitima zo kuzinukwa ubwami n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. No mu nyandiko za vuba aha, nta ngingo ifatika igaragaza ikintu bapfa n’ubwami n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa, uretse gusa ko ngo ashobora kubangamira cyane Perezida Kagame cyangwa se Kandida Perezida Rutayisire Bonifasi.

Ikintu gikwiye kwitonderwa muri ibi byose, ni uko usanga abenshi mu bashyanukiye kuvuga iby’ubwami n’umwami, batazi iyo biva n’iyo byerekera. Pasikari Bizumuremyi wababimburiye yatangaje itonde ry’ibibazo bicurikiranye ngo yatumwe n’abantu batazwi, ariko we ubwe nta kibazo na kimwe yatangiye igisubizo. Imigambi ye ni nko gushyushya abantu imitwe gusa. Seth Karekezi ngo nta n’ubwo yumvise ikiganiro cyose umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yatangiye kuri BBC, ariko aramuvuga ho amagambo y’akaminuramuhini. Murebwayire ati amakosa y’ubwami n’ay’ubukoroni ntabwo namenya kuyatandukanya. Rugamba yikomye abo avuga ko “bakangata”, ariko ugasanga amateka ya Repuburika yitwaza ayazi amanusu. Batsinduka  ngo igihugu cyageze kuri Repuburika kivuye mu Bwami ntikiba kigisubiye inyuma ngo kibugaruke ho, kandi ngo Kigeri akwiye kwicisha bugufi akaba nk’abami bakomerwa amashyi mu Bugande, muri Kongo, Kameruni na Nijeriya. Mugabo ngo aho guta igihe n’ijwi rye, Umwami w’uRwanda Kigeri V Ndahindurwa  akwiriye kwamamaza no gutora Rutayisire Bonifasi ku mwanya wa Perezida. Simbarondoye bose kandi n’ibitekerezo byabo simbivuye imuzingo. Icy’ingenzi bahuriye ho ni uko biyemeje guhuzagurika mu byo bivugira ubwabo ko batazi, ariko bakaba babiboneye ho intandaro yo gusesereza umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa bamugereka ho ibirego bitabarika, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba bitagira ireme. Nta wabibarenganyiriza ariko, kuko nibwira ko byose biterwa n’amateka y’amanusu kandi agoretse batoragurira mu “nyigisho” za Karisiti Ndikubwimana mu gihe bari mu ngando, cyangwa mu bitabo by’abacurabwenge b’inzaduka nka Muzungu, Sebasoni, Semujanga, Mugesera, cyangwa muri raporo zikorwa ku gitsure cy’abakada n’abasirikari bagena icyerekezo  cy’impaka n’imyanzuro mu biganiro bitegurwa n’Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi n’Ubusabane bigamije amahoro.

Bararega abami b’uRwanda kuba barananiranwe n’abazungu. Icy’ingenzi abantu bari kwiriye kwibanda ho ni ukumenya impamvu, ku ngoma y’Abazungu, ubutegetsi bwa cyami bwari bwarabanje kuba ubwa “NDIYO BWANA” igihe kirekire bwaje kuva mo ubwa “NDANZE” bikabuvira mo gusezererwa. Bararega abami ko batashoboye kumvikanisha Abanyarwanda bakarasana, bagatemagurana. Iki kirego gishobora kugira aho gishingiye, ariko kukiva imuzi ni ukugihera mu mizi, ku gatsiko k’Abanyiginya (bari batuye mu Mubari nyuma bakimukira  I Gasabo) batobanze ubutegetsi batoye ku bami b’Abarenge, b’Abenengwe n’Ababanda maze bakabuhindura mo ubw’ubuhake bw’inka n’imirimo y’uburetwa. Aho abazungu baziye bendeye ku macakubiri n’umwiryane Rwabugiri yaraze uRwanda, noneho basoreza ku ntekerezo bahawe n’abagaragu bakuru b’ibwami (17 Gicurasi 1958) n’Abanyarwanda bari I Nyanza (18 Gicurasi 1958) bemezaga ko Abanyarwanda nta sano y’ubuvandimwe bafitanye. Kuva ubu rero, “Va ku giti dore umuntu!”. Biratangaza kubona hakiri abantu bakomeza kwigira nyoni nyinshi ngo bashakisha icyaba cyarateye amacakubiri n’inzangano mu Banyarwanda! Iyo barega Rewo Mugesera kuba yaragiriye inama (22 Ukuboza 1992) abiyita Abatutsi gusubira iwabo muri Etiyopiya bikiri byiza (sinamushyigikiye! ), biyibagiza ko ibyo bitekerezo babyigishijwe na mwarimu wacu, umwiru mukuru w’ingoma “ntutsi”, Musenyeri Aregisi Kagame wabyanditse mu bitabo byinshi guhera ku Nganji Karinga. Iyo Abatutsi ubwabo bihakanye Ubunyarwanda (Reba A Lestrade, 1972, p.9), kuki barega Abahutu ngo babimye uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu bw’Abanyarwanda?

Ikirego cy’uko umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa atashoboye guhosha  amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda ntikimureba wenyine,  kuko ingoma z’abanyiginya  zose kugeza kuri iyi  y’Inkotanyi yimwe n’umwega zategekesheje igihugu amacakubiri n’inzangano. Intambara(1 Ukwakira 1990 ) n’ubutegetsi bw’Inkotanyi( Nyakanga 1994 kugeza ubu) bwikingirije inyuma ya “Demokarasi” na “Repuburika” ni bwo bwatumye amacakubiri agera ku  rwego rw’agahebuzo kuva uRwanda rwaba ho. N’ubwo  bigaragara ko  abami bose b’abanyiginya bicaranye n’amacakubiri mu  nteko cyangwa ijabiro, nta hantu twahera tuvuga ko amacakubiri ari  akaramata k’ubwami, kuko mu Rwanda no mu karere ruri mo habaye ho abandi bami benshi batategekanye Abanyarwanda igitugu, amacakubiri n’ubukandamize. Ni babandi bose bambitswe Karinga, barimburanwe n’imiryango yabo ku buryo bunyuranye , bashyizwe mu rwego rw’abahinza cyangwa se bahanantuwe maze abaturage bayoboraga bagahindurwa ingaruzwamuheto. Kuki se hari abakomeza kuvuga amateka y’uRwanda  igice n’amanusu  basubira mo nka gasuku “amateka y’ingoma”ashingiye ku bifitirano by’“Abacurabwenge” , ariko  ntibakenguze ngo bashimikire kumenya “amateka y’igihugu n’aya Rubanda rw’Umwami”?. Abo ni bo bishaririza bavuga ngo hari abashaka kwandika amateka mashya y’uRwanda. Ingingo bagaragaza ibaha uburenganzira bwo kuvuga ko amateka bavuga ari yo mateka aboneye ni iyihe? Ejobundi ni bwo bavugaga ko batari Abanyarwanda none baje kurusha bene ubwite ibanga ry’umuco n’amateka by’uRwanda! Bariyibagiza nkana ko icyo bakoze ari ukuryama mu buriri bwashashwe n’abandi. Ibi ariko ntibivuga ko ari “Abavamahanga” , kuko iyo nkuru yadukanywe n’Abazungu ejobundi. Bashatse bakomeza kwiyita “Ibimanuka”, ariko na byo byabasaba kwemera ko hari abo basanze mu Mubari kwa Kabeja. Niba barageze ubwo bimukira I Gasabo, nta gihamya bafite cy’uko ari bo bahise izina “Rwanda” riboneka no mu tundi turere tw’Afurika batakandagiye mo. Hashize iminsi bandika ku mbuga ibyerekeye “accusations en miroir”, ariko nta washidikanya ko abarega abandi amacakubiri ari bo baminuje kurusha abandi mu kwitanguranwa babatwerera  za “accusations en miroir”.

 Bararega umwami guhunga mu gihe abantu bapfaga. Kuri iyi ngingo abantu bakeneye kumenya amatariki iryo hunga ryabereye ho no kumenya abantu bapfaga abo ari bo, uko bangana  n’icyo baziraga. Kuko n’uyu munsi abantu baracyapfa. Amateka y’ingoma nyiginya atumenyesha ko hari abami benshi bahunze uRwanda, barumeneshejwe mo n’abandi bami babarushaga amaboko, cyangwa se bagiye muri gahunda zabo bwite. Ruganzu II Ndori ni we ibitekerezo byibanze ho, ariko hari n’abandi bami bagiye mu mahanga. Na Yuhi V Musinga yaguye muri Kongo. Mu mpeshyi 1960 Umwami Kigeri yagiye muri Kongo kwizihiza iminsi mikuru y’ubwigenge maze amara yo amezi akusanya inkunga yo guhutaza abaharaniraga “demokarasi” n’ubutegetsi bwa Repuburika. Na none  mu mpeshyi 1961 yazengurutse mu bihugu byo mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari Ababirigi bamubujije kuza gukomeza gahunda yo guteza akaduruvayo mu matora anyanyagiza amataragiti mu gihugu. Aho Kamarampaka ihamirije iteka rimukura ku ngoma ni bwo yafashe icyemezo cyo kuba impunzi. None aba yarabigenje ate kugira ngo adahunga abantu bapfa? Ko Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa Ababirigi  bamubujije kugaruka mu Rwanda, harya nk’abatware bivanye muri  peyizana zo mu Bugesera n’I Kibungo basobanuye  ko bahavuye bahirukanwe na nde? Nka Kagame wavuye mu Rwanda mu wa 1961 ahasize abandi bo mu muryango we bahagumye nta nkomyi,  harya byatewe n’uko ubunyobwa bwa Mbarara na Kampala bwari buryoshye kurusha ubwo mu Mutara n’I  Kibungo? Ibindi bihumbi by’abiyita “abatutsi” bagumye mu Rwanda bari barabaye iki mbere y’ubushotoranyi n’ubwiyahuzi  bw’Inyenzi n’Inkotanyi? Kigeri V Ndahindurwa wenyine se  ni we wandikaga amataragiti akangisha urupfu abashakaga gutura mu masambu atagira uko angana bari bakatiwe ngo batere mo imbuto zo kubatunga bareke kunyunyuza imitsi y’abandi Banyarwanda?

Bararega umwami kunanirwa guhuza Abanyarwanda mu buhungiro no kubafasha gutahuka. Igisubizo cy’iki kibazo cyaturuka mu mateka y’Inyenzi kuko ibitero byose zagabaga zabikoraga mu izina ry’umwami. Icyaruta cyaba  gusuzuma uruhare umwami ubwe yabigize mo kuko yahoraga acicikana asaba inkunga muri Roni, mu bihugu byo mu karere no mu bihugu by’abakomunisiti. Ikindi  ni ugusuzuma intwererano umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yatanze mu ntambara nkorashyano yashojwe n’Inkotanyi guhera mu Kwakira 1990 none ikaba yarayogoje akarere kose k’ibiyaga bigari. Bamwe batashye badatabarukanye iminyago ahubwo bazanwa no gukaba ibyo abaturage bitutubiye. Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa se ko yasigaye  ishyanga ni ukuvuga ko batari bahuje umugambi? None se niba umwami yari mu nteko igihe urugamba rwari rwabaye urutare mu Kagera, I Kaniga , mu birunga n’ahandi, kuki umugaba  ari we wagororewe maze umugabe  “akabwirirwa yaraje” ndetse akaba yararindirijwe “kuzarutaha ashaje”? Inkotanyi se zahinduye amategeko yahoze agenga ibitero, itabaro n’itabaruka? Aha na none igisubizo kiri hagati y’Inkotanyi n’Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa uhora yinubira ko Inkotanyi zamutendetse. No mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC byarumvikanaga neza ko amaze kurambirwa gutegereza. Mbese ni ukuvuga ko atagifite ububasha bwo gutanga amategeko mu batware, cyangwa mu bana b’abatware  yahoze ahatse? Ubwami nyabwo bufitwe nande ko biboneka ko Kigeri V Ndahindurwa nta cyitwa ububasha agifite? Mbese abategetsi b’Inkotanyi bamugeneye uwuhe mwanya mu nzego zitandukanye z’ubuyobozi cyangwa z’icyubahiro? Inkotanyi se zizamutereka ku butegetsi zimaze gutengeneza igihugu nk’uko cyari kimeze mu gihe cy’umwami Rwabugiri nk’uko ari we zatoranyije ngo azicarire mu nteko?

Bararega umwami ko amakuba yose yagwiriye uRwanda akomoka ku burangare n’amakosa y’imitegekere ya cyami. Aha koko abantu bakwiye kuhatekereza. Ikintu gikomeye ubwami bw’abanyiginya bwahinduye mu runyiriri rw’ubwami bwababanjirije, ni uko ubwami babuhagitse ku ruhembe rw’umuheto, n’ingoma bakayitamiriza ibinyita by’ “abahinza”, ari bo “bami b’ibyigomeke”. No mu rusimburane rw’abami b’abanyiginya, hateganyijwe ko bamwe (Kigeri & Mibambwe) bagomba kuba abashotoranyi n’abashozantambara. Abantu bakwiye kwibukiranya bakareba niba hari ubwo amaraso yigeze ameneka mu Rwanda bidaturutse ku nzigo, amagomerane, irari, umushiha n’ubushotoranyi bw’ “abami b’abanyiginya” . Nta wakwirengagiza ko hari ubwo abanyamahanga bagiye babigira mo uruhare  rukomeye cyane, ariko byaragaragaye iteka ko “Akamasa kazamara ishyo karivuka mo” kandi ko “Usenya urwe bamutiza umuhoro”. Dukwiriye kwibukiranya amateka aho kuyatobanga.

Bararega umwami kuba nta ruhare yagaragaje  mu gutanga ihumure mu gihugu, mu gusana ibyangiritse,  mu kunga Abanyarwanda no mu guhumuriza  imfubyi n’abapfakaye. Aha hantu harakomeye. Ubusanzwe nyuma y’igitero ni umwami wakoreshaga umunsi mukuru ukomeye, ingabo zikambarira umuhiso, intwari zikivuga ibigwi zigahatanira inka y’ubumanzi, abaturage bagahabwa ihumure bagasubira mu mirimo yabo ya buri munsi. Muri kino gihe ingabo zirabyina insinzi, zikiyambika impotore n’imidende ndetse zikanacana uruti, ariko zikabaza Umwami ziti “Wewe namna gani?”, zikamarira abaturage muri “mabuso” uhereye ku b’imena muri bo. URwanda Inkotanyi zaramvuye I Bugande ni uRwanda nyabaki ko nta handi ruboneka uretse mu mashusho y’ubushandi ya bwa buhendwabana bwahimbwe akazina ka “Vision 2020”. Aha hakubiye mo ibibazo bitagira uko bingana! Urwanda ruteye rute? Ruragana he? Dukeneye  kumva ibisubizo by’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa.  

Bararega umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa kuba afite inenge zitamuhesha umwanya n’agaciro mu bihe tugeze mo. Bati “Umukambwe” Kigeri ntaho ahuriye na “Mzee-Kijana Kagame”. Ni ukuvuga se ko abasheshe akanguhe n’inararibonye nta mwanya bagifite mu gihugu? Ngo n’ikimenyimenyi nta mwana afite wazamusimbura aramutse akomeje kuba umwami. Ni iki se kibuza umwami w’iki gihe gusimburwa n’undi muntu badafite icyo bapfana? Ngo barakeka ko byagorana aramutse ageze mu Rwanda agashaka “umuhutukazi” kubera ko ngo ubwami bwaziritswe ku “batutsi”. Umwami nta nzego z’Abanyarwanda atatoranyaga mo abagore, kubera impamvu z’ubwiza bwabo buhebuje(Bwiza bwa Mashira, Nturo yo ku Kabasanza ka Runda), cyangwa se ku mpamvu z’imihango(Nyirabazi ga ku Mukingo, Nyirandirikirwa I Buhazi, Kabarere ku Kamonyi). Kimwe n’abandi bose, abami b’uRwanda bari bazi ko uburyo bwo kwirinda amacugane ari ugushaka  mu bo mudafitanye ubusano bwa hafi. Ikindi kandi, abari barageze ku bugeni bwo korora inyambo si bo bari kuyoberwa ko “umwana uvutse ku mututsi no ku muhutukazi akomera”. 

 Baribaza ku mashuri umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yize n’ubushobozi afite bwo kuyobora igihugu muri ibi bihe.. Bafite amatsiko yo kumenya “ikipi” y’abiru, abatware n’abacurabwenge bazamwunganira mu murimo utoroshye wo kuba ku isonga y’igihugu. Bamwe bafite impungenge z’uko yakongera kuba ingwate y’abasaza   nka babandi bamwihereranye muri za 1959 bakamubuza kuba umwami w’Abanyarwanda bose agahinduka uw’agatsiko k’abatutsi b’intagondwa. Kuri ibi bibazo byose, twari dukwiriye kwibuka uyu mugani w’Abanyarwanda ngo “Banegurana ari inege ba nengitirora”, maze tukirinda gukabiriza ibintu bimwe na bimwe. Njye wibonaniye n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa nasanze asumbya ubwema abishongozi bamwe b’I Kigari biratana  ubwonko bwasabitswe n’ubusopanyi n’umutima wasinze indurwe y’inzigo n’inzangano.

Ibi birego byose byibasiye ubwami n’umwami biragaragaza ko ibintu byose bitagenze uko byifuzwaga, mbese ko “Nta byera ngo de!”. Kigeri V Ndahindurwa babigeneye cyangwa se  n’undi Munyarwanda wese afite kugira icyo yabivuga ho akurikije amateka y’ubuzima bwe, ibyo yabwiwe n’ababyeyi be, ibyo yigiye mu mashuri , ibyo yisomeye mu bitabo binyuranye  cyangwa se ibyo  yatorejwe mu ngando. Icy’ingenzi njye navanye mo ni uko ibi birego bidafite uburemere bwo guhungabanya ubwami n’umwami Kigeri V wabwegukanye ku ya 28 Nyakanga 1959. Buri muntu wese azi ko Kigeri V ari umwami w’uRwanda uba mu buhungiro  mu mahanga. Aracyari umwami w’uRwanda kuko akiri ho, akibyiyumva mo, akibifitiye ibimenyetso by’ingenzi: igihugu (n’ubwo rugeze aho umwanzi ashaka, uRwanda ruracyari ho!), izina ry’ubwami, ingoma Karinga itakiri ho ibinyita, abiru n’abacurabwenge batakibereye ho kujijisha rubanda, ingabo z’abayoboke be imbere mu gihugu n’amacuti menshi mu bindi bihugu.  Icyo abura ni umurwa n’ingoro, n’uburyo bwo kurangiza imihango yagenewe abami kugira ngo igihugu kigire impagarike.. Koko rero, hari  imihango igomba abami  kandi “Abaperezida” badafitiye ubushobozi. Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yemeye kuva kare ko azaba umwami w’umusirimu. Ibyo kandi ni impamo kuko ubuhake, gufata igihe , ikoro,  amaturo n’ibitaramo byari byaraciriwe ho iteka na Mutara III Rudahigwa. None se mu by’ukuri abakerensa Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa babona abura iki kugira ngo akomeze ubuhamagarwe yatorewe bwo kuba Umwami w’Abanyarwanda? Icyo abandi Bami bari hirya no hino ku isi bamurusha ni igiki?

5. uBwami MU RUHANDO RW’INDI MITEGEKERE

Ibirego bapangiye Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa byabaye n’intandaro yo gupfobya  ubwami mu ruhando rw’indi mico n’imitegekere. Abibasiye ubwami bafite mu mutwe wabo agapande gato k’ishusho y’ubwami bendeye ku  yagaragajwe n’ubutegetsi bw’abiyise abatutsi. Hari n’abibarira bibeshya ko ubwami ari ikiremwa cy’abatutsi b’abanyiginya. Baba baraturutse muri Kokaze, bakanyura mu Misiri no muri Bisiniya mbere yo gutura mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari (umugani wa bene Kamu na Havila), baba se “bararemewe”,  “baramereye” cyangwa “baramanukiye” mu Mubari kwa Kabeja (umugani w’Ibimanuka), ntabwo abiyita abatutsi ari bo bazanye ubwami, ubwiru, inka n’ingoma mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari. Nk’uko Shanwani de Lacger (1959, p.88) n’abandi banyamateka babivuga, icyo abiyita abatutsi bakoze ni “ukuryama mu bwo batashashe”. Koko rero, bicengeje mo umuco w’abami bari bahatswe ho  aba ari wo bakomeza mu mihango y’ubutegetsi bwabo aho bamariye kwigaranzurira abagira neza babo. Ubushakashatsi bwo mu ngeri zose nta kantu na gato ko mu rwego urwo ari rwo rwose bwasanganye abiyita ubuvivi bwa Kamu ku buryo kabibutsa inkomoko yabo mu mpugu zitandukanye bagiye banyura mo mbere yo kugera mu Mubari cyangwa I Gasabo.

 Ibi maze kugaragaza bisobanura rero ko dukwiriye kwamaganira kure abakomeza gukwiza ibinyoma no gukongeza amacakubiri mu bihugu by’Afurika yo hepfo ya Sahara bavuga ngo abaturage babyo bigabanyije mu bwoko “Bantu” no mu bwoko “Nilotique/Hamitique / Havila”. Ibi ni ibihimbano by’ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. Amagambo “Bantu” na “Nilotique/Chamitiqu e” akoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bwerekeye igenangeri ry’indimi gusa. Abayakoresha rero mu igenamatsinda ry’amoko y’abantu baba bagamije kuyobya abadasobanukiwe n’iby’ubuhanga bw’iyigamuntu muri Afurika. Ni muri urwo rwego abakoresha amagambo “Empire nilotique” bashaka kuvuga ubutegetsi bw’abantu bafitanye isano n’abiyita abatutsi bakwiriye kugarurira hafi no kugorora imvugo yabo vuba kuko “Empire nilotique “ nta kintu na gito bisobanura. Bityo, n’abavuga ko hari ho ubwoko “Bantu” n’ubwoko “Nilotique/Chamitiqu e” bakwiriye kumenya ko iyo mvugo yabo iyobya abantu ku buryo bukabije. Koko rero, nta bwoko “Bantu” cyangwa ubwoko “Nilotique/Chamitiqu e” buba ho. Mu rwego rw’iyigandimi, ni ho honyine hari itsinda ry’indimi “bantu” n’itsinda ry’indimi “Nilotique”, n’irindi tsinda ry’indimi ryitwa “Chamitique”. Icyo mpamya cyo ni uko abiyita abatutsi bavuga indimi zo mu itsinda “Bantu” aho kuvuga indimi zo mu matsinda “Nilotique” cyangwa “Chamitique”. Kuvanga iyigandimi n’iyigamuntu ni ikosa rikomeye mu rwego rw’uburyo mbonera bwo gukora ubushakashatsi. Biraboneka ku isi ko abavuga ururimi rumwe batagomba kuba basangiye ubwoko, kandi ko abasangiye ubwoko batagomba kuba bavuga ururimi rumwe. Kwitiranya ururimi n’ubwoko ni ikosa rikomeye cyane. Hari abantu benshi bahinduye indimi ariko ntibahindura ubwoko. Hari abantu benshi badasangiye ubwoko ariko bavuga ururimi rumwe. Bityo rero, no ngombwa kwirinda kuvangitiranya iby’indimi n’amoko. Mu gihe abiyita abatutsi bo mu Rwanda batemeraga ko ari Abanyarwanda,  bakoreshaga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda basobanura ingingo zabo, kandi nta rundi rurimi ruzwi bigeze bavuga bari ku butaka bw’uRwanda. Ubungubu ni bo baharanira Ubunyarwanda kurusha abandi, ariko baracyakoresha ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda, uretse ko kurusuzugura no kurupfobya byatumye abenshi muri bo bagerageza kuruhindura mo ikintu cy’igihindugembe kitari ikinyarwanda nyirizina, ntikibe icyongereza, ntikibe igiswayire ntikibe n’igifaransa. Ni bo wumva barega abandi ngo bakoresheje ijambo “Ubumuntu” atari ikinyarwanda kandi rifite insobanuro itomoye.

Mu gusoza iyi ngingo, nibutsaga ko byaba ari ukuyoba kuvuga ko ubwami ari nk’ikirangantego cy’abiyita abatutsi, kandi ko “abahutu” bari mu bwoko “Bantu” naho “abatutsi” bakaba mu bwoko “Nilotique”. Ibi nta kintu na gito bishingiye ho. Ikigaragara cyo ni uko “abahutu” n’ “abatutsi” bo mu Rwanda no mu Burundi bavuga bose ururimi rumwe  rwo mu itsinda “Bantu” kandi nta n’ikimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko “abatutsi” bo muri ibyo bihugu byombi ari abavamahanga nk’uko na bamwe muri bo bakunze kubibeshya bagamije kubibona mo indonke.  Ukeka ko abiyita abatutsi bo mu Rwanda bakomoka mu bwoko bwa Nilotique (butaba ho!) yagaragaza ibihe bimenyetso by’ubwo busano, cyane cyane ko nta kintu na gito cyo mu rwego rw’umuco, ururimi, ibikoresho, ubukorikori, ubuvanganzo, iyobokamana, nb. kigaragaza ko abiyita abatutsi baba baraturutse mu zindi mpugu zitari uRwanda n’akarere ruri mo? Gacamigani aracyafite abamutura imifuragiro!

Abibasiye ubwami bavuga ko ari umurage n’uruhererekane rw’umuryango umwe ndetse n’ubwoko bumwe, bityo ntibuhe abana b’uRwanda amahirwe amwe n’uburenganzira bungana. Reka tubyemere dutyo niba dukomeje gukeka ko ubwami bw’abanyiginya, bw’abandi bakuru b’ibihugu bya Afurika n’ibyo mu yindi migabane y’isi tuzi bubumbatiye inshoza yose y’ubutegetsi bwa cyami. Njye si ko mbibona, kuko uburyo bw’imitegekere y’abantu buhora buhinduka uko amasekuruza agenda asimburana. Ntitwari dukwiye kwibohera ku nshoza y’ubutegetsi ubu n’ubu mu gihe iki n’iki nk’aho ari ishusho itayega kandi  itagira inenge idashobora guhindurwa ho akantu. Ibi byaba ari ukwihenda. Ubutegetsi bwa “demokarasi” tubona muri iki gihe hirya no hino ku isi ntibuhwanye mahwi n’ubw’Abagereki babuhanze. Demokarasi ntiyubahirizwa kimwe mu bihugu byose byigamba ko ari bwo butegetsi bigendera ho. Yemwe njya numva ko n’ingoma y’ihonyora n’ikandamiza iri mu Rwanda bene yo bavuga ko ishingiye ku mahame ya demokarasi!  Ni akumiro!

Ubutegetsi bwa “cyami” bwo mu Rwanda ntabwo bwakoreshejwe mu buryo bumwe n’abami bose, uhereye ku bami b’Abarenge ukageza kuri Mutara III Rudahigwa. Ubwami bwo mu Rwanda kandi hari aho bwari butandukaniye n’ubwami bwo mu bindi bihugu, tuvuge nk’uBufaransa bwa kera, uBubirigi, uBwongereza n’uBuhorandi. Ni iki se cyabuza abantu kumvikana bagashyira ho ubutegetsi bwa cyami budashingiye ku ruhererekane rw’ubwoko n’umuryango? Ubwami bwo ku ngoma ya Mutara III Rudahigwa bwari butandukanye cyane n’ubwo ku ngoma ya Kigeri IV Rwabugiri, alias Sezisoni. Amateka ya vuba aha se ntiyerekana ko hari abategetsi bo muri Afurika banze kwitwa “abaperezida” bakiyita “abami nyabami”? Ntitubona se abitwa “abaperezida” bahise mo gukoresha imitegekere ya cyami? Kuri iyi ngingo ndashaka kuvuga ko abantu bafite buri gihe uburenganzira bwo gushyira ho ubutegetsi bashaka, bakabwita n’izina bashaka. Ntabwo rero byaba ari amahano mu Rwanda habaye ho umwami udakomoka mu muryango w’abiyita abatutsi kandi ngo abe yaraburazwe na se cyangwa se undi muvandimwe we. Muri za 1959 inkuru yari yahiye kimomo ko Yozefu Habyarimana Gitera yahataniraga kuba “Umwami wa rubanda rugufi”na ho Rudahigwa agakomeza akaba “Umwami w’abatutsi” nako ngo “Umwami w’imfura” da, kuko hari ho  “abatutsi” benshi babarirwaga muri Rubanda rugufi, ari “abahutu” b’abatware runaka. Bityo rero, nta kintu na kimwe cyabuza Abanyarwanda kumvikana yuko umutegetsi wo ku isonga y’igihugu bazongera gutora bazamwita umwami aho kumwita perezida. Twibohore mu mitwe tureke gukomeza kugendera ku ntekerezo zishaje. Dufite uburenganzira bwo gushyira ho ubutegetsi bunogeye benshi kandi tukanabwita izina dushatse. Umukuru w’igihugu wo mu Rwanda rw’ejo ashobora kwitwa umwami,  akaba atavuka byanze bikunze mu muryango w’abanyiginya cyangwa mu w’abiyita abatutsi, akaba yaratowe n’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda aho kuragwa ubutegetsi na se cyangwa undi muvandimwe we, kandi agategekesha amahame ya demokarasi na repuburika. Si ishyano ryaba riguye! Uwo mwami se byamubuza kuyobora Abanyarwanda mu nzira zibaganisha ku bumwe, ku majyambere no ku busabane?

Mu gukomeza gushakisha ikintu cyose cyapfobya ubwami kigatuma n’abantu bazinukwa umwami, Pasikari Bizumuremyi arandika agira ati “Ikindi gitangaje ni uko usanga n’abadakunze ubwami benshi ari abatutsi. Abahutu bo ibyo ntiwabitinda ho kuko bari mu bahiritse ubwami”. Ikigaragara muri iyi mvugo ni uko Pasikari abeshya abantu ngo yakoze anketi, ariko  ntagaragaze imibare n’ibyiciro by’abantu yabajije, n’ijanisha ry’ibisubizo byabo. Nta ngingo n’imwe ashingira ho agereranya abakunda umwami n’abatamukunda. Kwandika ngo abahutu bari mu bahiritse ubwami nta cyo bisobanura, ahubwo bigamije kujijisha. Koko rero, abaturage 1.006.336 banze ubwami na 1.004.655 banze umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa bakomokaga mu moko yose n’amashyaka yose yo mu Rwanda rw’icyo gihe. Kumvikanisha ko umuntu yakwibwira ko ari abahutu bonyine bahiritse ubwami n’umwami ni uburyo bwo kugoreka amateka y’igihugu. Bamwe mu bagiriye Kagame inama yo kwiyimika yitwa “Perezida” bari mu bari bashyigikiye ko ubwami bwa kera buva ho. Sipiriyani Mugabo aherutse kwandika ngo “Abantu benshi bababwiye  ko igihe Kagame w’umututsi yemeraga kuba perezida wa Repuburika yaciye burundu ubwami ku isonga y’igihugu”. Ibyo murumva ko  byakwijwe n’abiru n’abacurabwenge batari abambari b’ingoma Karinga igifitwe n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa. Ikindi kandi ni ukurengera bikabije gutiza Kagame ububasha busumba ubw’Imana n’ubw’imbaga y’Abanyarwanda iyo bavuga ko yaciye burundu ubwami ku isonga y’igihugu. Ubwo bwema bujya gusigira n’ubwirasi si umukambwe we Rutagambwa wabumutoje kuko yatabarutse akiri umutoni w’umwami.

Ngo ubwami bunyuranyije n’amahame ya Demokarasi na Repuburika. Nk’uko twabonye ko abavuga iby’ubwami babuha inshoza ifunganye cyane, umuntu yakwibaza inshoza bafite kuri demokarasi na repuburika. Mbese ubwami buvuguruzanya na demokarasi na repuburika? Ni ukuvuga se ko mu  bihugu biri mo ubwami muri iki gihe nta demokarasi bafite, ko batagendera ku mahame ya repuburika? Demokarasi ni ubutegetsi bukomoka kuri rubanda kandi bugakorera rubanda. Repuburika ni uburyo bwo gucunga igihugu ushishikajwe n’inyungu za rubanda. Ayo mahame mbona abami bari ho ubu bakora ibishoboka ngo bayubahirize mu bihugu byabo. Kuki se umwami w’uRwanda yazananirwa kuyubahiriza? Aroyizi Kaberuka we arerura akavuga ko dukwiriye gushaka uburyo bwo “guhimba repuburika nyami”yakorera muri demokarasi isesuye kandi irangwa n’amashyaka menshi n’amatora. Kuki se hari abirengagiza nkana ko hari Abanyarwanda biyemeje kuzatuma izo nzozi  zihinduka impamo mu Rwanda? Bityo rero, twikure mo ibitekerezo twapakiwe mo by’uko ubwami buvuguruzanya na demokarasi na repuburika. Wenda ubwami bwahoze mu Rwanda ni ko bwari bumeze, ariko hashobora kuba ho indi sura y’ubwami bwubahiriza amahame ya demokarasi na repuburika. Ntibigoye gushyira ho ubwo buryo bushya bw’imitegekere y’igihugu.

6. UMWAMI UBEREYE URWANDA YABA AMEZE ATE?  

Umunyamerika w’umwirabura, Maritini Ruteri Kingi Jr, ni we wabwiye imbaga y’abari bateraniye I Washington, D.C bamuteze amatwi ati “ Mfite inzozi inzovu”. N’ubwo abagizi ba nabi bamuhitanye atabonye uburyo yazikabije, imbuto y’urukundo yari yabibye mu mitima y’abamutotezaga yatumye bagera ubwo bacogora badohora ingoyi y’isumbanya n’ivanguramoko yari yarabaritse mu bwonko, none, ibintu biragenda birusha ho kujya mu buryo kugera ku rwego rw’uko umwirabura aharanira umwanya wo kuba ku isonga y’igihugu. Ubwo burenganzira buraharanirwa ntibutangirwa ubuntu.

Ni ukuvuga ko mu bihe tugeze mo buri Munyarwanda wese afite uburenganzira bwo guhirimbanira kuba Umwami w’Abanyarwanda, nta nkomyi, nta nzitizi iyo ari yo yose.

Icy’ingenzi gikwiye kudushishikaza, ni ukugena isura y’ubwami bubereye uRwanda rw’iki gihe n’urw’ejo. Mbese icyo dushaka mu bwami ni igiki abaperezida badashobora kutugeza ho? Mbese Umwami wakemura ibibazo by’uRwanda yaba amaze ate? Mbese hakorwa iki kugira ngo uwo Mwami werejwe n’ibyifuzo bya Rubanda  ashyirwe mu mwanya kandi ahabwe ibyangombwa bimushoboza kurangiza inshingano ze? Aha rero ni ho buri Munyarwanda wese afite uburenganzira bwo kugaragaza ibitekerezo bye ku mitegekere ibereye uRwanda , aho gutsimbarara ku bitekerezo by’ingoma zadukamiye, ariko ntizikemure ibibazo igihugu cyacu gihanganye na byo.

Umwami ubereye uRwanda ni uwumva mbere na mbere uko ibibazo by’igihugu biteye, kandi akagaragaza ubushake bwo kubikemurana umurava  adakurura yishyira, adakururira mu muryango we, mu kazu ke, mu gatsiko ke, mu karere ke, ku murenge we. Umwami w’inyangamugayo ni uzi neza ko “Abasangira ubusa bitana ibisambo”, bityo agakora ibishoboka kugira ngo asaranganye uduke tubonetse, kandi agashishikariza bose umurimo watuma bongera umutungo n’ubushobozi bwo kwibesha ho. Ubutegetsi bw’uRwanda kuva ku bahawe izina ry’“abami b’umushumi” kugeza ku “baperezida” bo muri demokarasi na repuburika bwaranzwe n’ubwikanyize bw’udutsiko. Utwo dutsiko twagiye twirema hitabajwe amaboko, amoko, imiryango, amashyaka, n’uturere, ibyo byose kandi akenshi bikivanga mo inyungu z’utundi dutsiko dukomoka mu mahanga. Ni muri ubwo buryo ingoma y’abanyiginya yari ishingiye ku nyungu z’imiryango mbarwa yihaye uburenganzira bwo kwigarurira ku cy’ingufu izindi ngoma zose zari mu karere, kandi zari zisanzwe zituranye mu  mutuzo n’umutekano. Ni ho hakomotse izina ry’agasuzuguro ry’abahinza, ari bo bami bakomeje kwigomeka  ku mitegekere y’igitugu y’ingoma nyiginya. Icyo gitugu cyaherekejwe n’umuco w’ubwikanyize n’ubukandamize wagaragariye mu buhake bw’inka no mu mirimo y’uburetwa. Hagati aho ikibazo cy’uturere n’icy’”amoko” byafashe intera ndende ku buryo byasandariye mu myivumbagatanyo yo mu wa 1959. Iyo mbuto mbi yashoye imizi mu mateka y’igihugu ntiyashoboye kurandurwa n’ingoma za demokarasi na repuburika. Irari ry’ubutegetsi bwikubiwe n’agatsiko ryatumye igihugu cyongera kugwirwa n’amahano kuva mu Kwakira 1990, none na n’ubu habuze uwakunamura icumu ngo ahe Abanyarwanda ihumure, agangahure igihugu anyweshe abantu bose isubyo ryo guca inzigo.

Kubera izo mpamvu, birakwiye ko abantu bakunda uRwanda batera hejuru icyarimwe bakagaragaza impungenge z’uko icyitwa ubutegetsi buri ho nta ho buri mo kuganisha igihugu uretse mu kagane gasumba ibyago byagitabitse kugeza ubu. Iki gihe ni icy’intabaza irarikira abakunda igihugu bose gushyira ho akabo bagahagarika iki kigari kitagira feri kivudukana Abanyarwanda kigiye kubaroha mu nyenga n’urukubo bazarimbukira mo. Ku bwanjye, mbona umwami wenyine ari we muntu ushobora kuzahura uRwanda mu kandare rwaroshywe mo n’agatsiko k’abicanyi n’ibisahiranda byataye abaturage ku munigo bimaze gukaba  inzego zose z’ubutegetsi, z’uruvugiro n’iz’ubwinyagambure. Umwami ni we muyobozi w’ikirenga Abanyarwanda bose bashobora kubonera mo ishusho yabo kuko bumva kandi bakaba bazi neza imimaro y’umwami kurusha iy’abategetsi b’inzaduka bitwa “perezida” batagize igihe cyo kugaragaza ko mbere na mbere umukuru w’igihugu ari umubyeyi w’abagituye bose, akagirira n’umutima w’impuhwe rubanda rugufi muri bo.

Mu gitabo yise Ibitaramo ku Mateka y’uRwanda, 1987, Zefirini Kagiraneza yanditse avuga ko umwami yubahirwaga “ko ari we ufite ububasha butuma ababyeyi babyara, amatungo yororoka, imvura igwa, agatanga umugisha cyangwa akavumana, mbese akaba hagati y’abantu n’Imana”. N’ubwo muri ibi bihe nta wakwemera ko umwami afite koko ubwo bubasha, icy’ingenzi twavana mo ni uko umwami yari umutegetsi ufite akubaho n’igitinyiro. Mbese ba “perezida” bo muri demokarasi na repuburika hari ingingo yo kubahesha icyubahiro twigeze twinjiza mu muco w’Abanyarwanda? Abazungu ni bo batesheje agaciro ubwami ku buryo bukomeye, hanyuma natwe tubyemera dutyo tudashunguye ngo turebe imimaro abami bari bafitiye igihugu. Na none Zefirini Kagiraneza aratugeza ho inkuru y’ukuntu  twatojwe kwemera ko “kuba umwami ari imirimo nk’indi”: “Ngo Rudahigwa yasanze Eduwaridi Mutesa, Kabaka w’uBuganda ari mo gukorera urutoki aratangara cyane. Yaramubwiye ati”mu Rwanda, usibye nanjye w’umwami, n’igisonga nticyabikora!” . Kabaka aramusubiza ati “Kuba umwami ni umurimo nk’indi uzawuva ho hajye ho undi!”. Ni ko byagenze, ni na ko bikwiye kugenda, ariko twibagiwe gukomera ku mimaro y’umurimo w’ubwami. Aha rero ni ho twari dukwiye kwisama tutarasandara, none ho tugasubiza agaciro umurimo wo kuba umukuru w’igihugu, kabone n’iyo nta wugomba kuwuba ho akaramata. Umwami w’uRwanda wo mu butegetsi bwa demokarasi na repuburika yagombye kuba Umukuru w’igihugu, Umubyeyi w’Abanyarwanda bose, Inkingi ya mwamba y’ubumwe n’umuco by’Abanyarwanda, n’Ikimenyetso cy’ishema ry’igihugu. Ngiyo ishusho y’umwami ubereye uRwanda. Abami n’abaperezida bubahirije izo nshingano ni mbarwa, akaba ari na ho havuye intandaro y’amakuba yose uRwanda rwagushije kugeza magingo aya.

Nifashishije imivugo yahimbwe na Padiri Aregisi Kagame akayitangaza mu gatabo yise Isoko y’Amajyambere (no2, 1950), nifuzaga gutanga ingero eshatu z’abami bihesheje icyubahiro cyo guhora bibukirwa ku neza yabo. Ubaza imbere ku isonga  ni Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura, Rugabishabirenge, umwami wimakaje ubutabera mu gihugu abitangiye mo urugero mu manza yaciraga mu Ruhango rwa Mutakara:

Umwami twimitse ni MIBAMBWE

Izina ritutsi akaba  GISANURA

Imbabazi z’aboro ze nyinshi

Zamuteye kuba nka Rurema.

Ati: Batware na Rubanda

Nta rwango, nta nabi:

Nimukorane twishime

Mbe umubyeyi mube abana.

Sindwana ku nkiko

Y’uBurundi bwa Mwezi:

Twagiranye ya mimaro

Ya Mutaga na Muyenzi.

Ku nyanja y’Itambi

Ihera ku Bushi n’I Bishugi

Ntiharwana haratura,

Twabanye tubasumbye.

Mu nkiga zijya Gishari

Nta shyanga tuharwanya:

Twabwirije uBuyungu

Zirarisha n’uBwito.

Bya bihugu by’I Gisigari

Ku nyanja y’imyunyu,

Ni amahoro adendeje:

Nta bahizi twikanga.

Ahabigarura impera-gihugu,

Ni ishyamba ryugariye

Riragendwa n’ibikoko:

Ni icyanya twihaye.

Ku nkiko ihera uRukaryi,

Rwahashya twunze ubumwe:

Ni inkike y’urwego,

Ntihaterwa harakomeye.

Ureke igihugu cy’Abashambo:

Badutinya igihagararo;

Twasumbye kwa Gahaya

Ntarota kwenderanya.

Simpuruza ngo mutere

Nta shyanga ndakariye;

Sincogoza ubutwari,

Ndakumiriye ngo butyare.

Umwihariko ndangamiye

Ngo ube akarusho k’iyi ngoma

Ni imbabazi z’aboro

No guhaza abashonje.

Mu bagaragu b’Abatware

No mu banjye boroheje

Hari benshi bigunze

Bapfanye inzara mu nda.

Ndakariye kuyibamara

Babe abambari bakeye:

Mu bashumba nibagemure

N’ibicuba bive I Butware.

Nimbamburwa rikarasa

Bamurikire amashyushyu

N’imibanji y’urusizi;

N’abashonji bahakinje:

Uwaburaye abone icyansi

Nyamuhereze ayashushe,

Ashire inzara ye n’inyota

Abone ubwiriza uwo munsi.

Mu mashoka tuhagaruke;

Ya mirire mpasanze

Nyagotomeze abanyacyena

Bashonje icyo gitondo.

Ingoma yanjye ikome umurishyo

W’iteka ry’abatindi;

Rirakomeye muritore:

Uwarihuga ryamunyaga.

Nabahaye ingeri y’amata,

Murayakama isanzure.

Uwashaka kuyaheza iwe,

Ntagapfe atazize ubworo.

Nibahumure abatindi:

Bantunzeho imbyeyi

Ikamwa isagurira Igihugu

Ikagihaza yihariye!

            Bamaze kunywa bati:

Ye karame bwanza buke:

Uri umwami utishanya!

Urinikiza ukaruhaza

Nturangwa ibyikamize.

Ingoma zose urazitebeje,

Impuhwe zawe uri Imana!

Ubworo wabutsinze ishyaka,

Inzara ukungagiza umuhashye

Ingoma za mbere tubwirwa,

Zarwanyije amahanga,

Ziyakomoza ibihumbi,

Abazoroye barayanywa.

Tugaca urubu, tugakamanwa

By’ubusa ariko ntidukwirwe

Kuba atanzwe n’ibiganza

By’abatunze bihwaba.

Naho usomye ayo wamuramije,

Ayo aba aturutse ku Mana

Yaguhaye kuba Umwami

Ukaba isoko y’imbyeyi.

Uri Umwami ugira ibambe

Uri ijisho ry’Iyaturemye

Uri intwari izaratwa

Ko waganje inzara I Rwanda.

Wizihiye wa Mwami,

Uzaturwa n’Imana

Akayibana akaba ingoro ko,

Uko bukeye akayijyana,

Aho yatashye ikahatura

Akaba Imbumbatira- Rurema

Bizihiranye uru Rwanda

Barugwiza mo iri bambe.

Barutaka impuhwe zose

Ngo ruhundagare muri bo

Akayiteka mu ruhando

Na yo imwuzuye uruhanga

Iyo mbuto muteze kubyara

Ni we mwembi mwegeranye:

Ni we ngororano igukwiye;

Tumukwambikiyeimpun du.

Urugero rwa kabiri ntanga rw’umwami witangiye uRwanda ni urwa  CYIRIMA II RUJUGIRA. Uyu mwami yatsinze amagomerane menshi n’ibitero byagabwe n’ibihugu byari bishyamiranye n’uRwanda. Ku ngoma ye ni bwo hadutse wa mugani ngo “Urwanda ruratera ntiruterwa”. Ikindi umwami Cyirima II Rujugira yibukirwa ho mu mateka y’igihugu ni uko yashyize ku mutima uburere bw’abana n’urubyiruko. Biragaragarira mu muvugo wa 16 w’agatabo Isoko y’Amajyambere.  Ndandukura inkuro ngufi yo muri uwo muvugo:

Umwami wimye Ingabe ni CYIRIMA

Izina ritutsi akaba RUJUGIRA

Ku budacyahwa asumbye amahari

Ku budasumbwa ari ku isonga.

Ati: “Uru Rwanda naruhawe

Ndi intwari irwizihiye,

Sinarwenze mbyijanwa:

Ndi intore y’Imana.

[…]Ndi umwami unezerewe

Na Rubanda mpumurije.

Kurama ni byo twifuza.

Nta cyaruta ubugingo.

Uwabuhawe n’Imana

Simwica, singira nte;

Nibature, nibatunge

Nibarambe, nibasaze.

Dore abana mfite na njye

Mbifuriza kuramba

Uko bagwira nkizihirwa:

Nta neza yabiruta.

Ku rugori jye na Rubanda

Turahwanye, turareshya:

Ku rukundo rw’abana

Ku bubyeyi ni Abami!

Nta mwana wiheka

Mubatoze kudahetama;

Mbyigishije Abasindi

N’Abatware n’Abategekwa:

Kuba ingirakamaro mu nsi

Ntibiguruka ngo ubironke;

Ibyo bituruka ku babyeyi:

Barakurera bakugorora.

Ntukeke ko bakurema,

Ukabikurana ugimbuka

Warushinga urwihariye,

Bwa burere bukaboneka.

Ukigaragaza mu gihugu,

Mu byo ugenda wunguruza;

Ku ishimwe, ku bugabo se

Ku butware, ku butwari!

Ku bupfura se bw’urugwiro

Nta nabi y’ubutindi

Ku mutima udahemukirana

N’umurava mu ruhanga.

Nimubyara mubihawe

Murabarere: ni bo Rwanda!

N’umutware abyihate

Yirinde kureresha!

Urugero rwa gatatu nifuzaga gutanga rw’umwami wari ufitiye “inzozi nziza” uRwanda ni Mutara III Rudahigwa.Abantu benshi (abera n’abirabura) bamenye Rudahigwa bamuvuze amagambo meza yo kumushima ubupfura bw’imbere n’inyuma, imico myiza yagaragarizaga Rubanda, n’urukundo yakunze uRwanda n’abarutuye. Ubwo bugiraneza bwe ariko bwanamuteranyije n’abatutsi n’abatware b’intagondwa bari bagitsimbaraye ku mirimo y’uburetwa n’ubuhake bw’inka. Hari abatagitinya kuvuga ko hari ibyegera bye bishobora kuba byaragize uruhare mu itanga rye ryagizwe ubwiru kugeza ubu! Ikiboneka mu mateka ni uko umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yavuguruye byinshi mu mico n’imitegekere y’ubwami. Yabaye umwami w’umusirimu asezera ku bupagani yimakaza ubukirisitu. Isengesho yavuze mu muhango wo kwegurira uRwanda Kirisitu Umwami ku ya 27 Ukwakira 1946  ryari rikwiye kumurikira no kwereka inzira buri Munyarwanda wese aho ava akagera, kandi wo mu bihe byose. Birakwiye ko twibukiranya  ingingo zaryo z’ingenzi  kugira ngo tubonere ho guhora kurizirikana:

“[…]Mwimanyi, nguhaye Igihugu cyanjye cyose, abo tuva inda imwe, nanjye ubwanjye.

Abagabo barutuye mo ubahe umutima w’ubudacogora mu ishyaka barurwanira ryo kurushyira mbere no kurukomeza mo amahoro wazaniye isi yose. Ubavane mo imico ya kera yo kugirirana nabi, no guhuguzanya, no kubeshyerana, no kwiba no kwambura, n’izindi ngeso mbi zose zidahuje n’ubuvandimwe wifuza kubona bwirambuye ku Ngoma yawe. Ubagwize mo inema zibamurikira, zibajijura, zibavane mo ubunebwe n’ingeso zindi zose za gipagani zirenga itegeko ryo gusenga Wowe wenyine Mungu waremye byose.

Abagore ubahe umutima w’ubudahinyuka, barubere mu nteko barutegeye urugori, barere neza abana waduhereye kurugwiza. Bareme imitima yabo, bayishyire mo icyubahiro cyawe n’urukundo rw’Ingoma yawe n’urw’Igihugu cyacu cy’uRwanda. Ingo rero zarwo zose uzihoze mo amahoro, abashakanye bahuze imitima, babe nk’umubiri umwe nk’uko nawe umeranye na Kiriziya yawe.

Abatware ubahe kurutegekana ubutabera; barutsinde mo uburengane n’imigenzo mibi yindi inyuranyije n’ubutungane watwigishije. Ubwabo ubakomeze mo umwete wo kwirinda ingeso za gipagani zo kwangana no kwirema mo ibice by’inzangano byatuma urukundo utwifuza mo rudashinga imizi mu Gihugu cyawe. Ubatsindire kuryaryana mu migenzereze yabo, ubatsindire guhendana ubwenge no guhemukirana mu nama bajya zo kugutunganyiriza uRwanda wabaragije.

Ubarinde kurenga ku masezerano yo kwica umugenzo mwiza w’ubwangamugayo. Ubahe guca imanza ziyunganye no kutagira uwo barenganya ngo barengere uwo bikundiye. Ubatsindire kurwarana inzika, no kugira uwo bayirwara wo mu ngabo zabo; ubahe kwirinda kugira uwo bagambanira cyangwa ubagambana ho byo kurenganya umuntu n’umwe mu Rwanda rwawe. Ubavane mo rero imigenzo yose ya gipagani inyuranyije n’ubutegetsi bw’Ingoma yawe…”.

7.     UMWAMI URWANDA RUKENEYE AZIMIKWA ATE?

Umwami uRwanda rukeneye ni uwakwitangira kubahiriza inshingano zose zikubiye muri iri sengesho ry’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa.  Mu gisigo yise ngo “Umwami si umuntu”, umusizi Semidogoro wa Gasegege yerekana ko umwami ari hagati y’Imana n’abantu, ko ari we umenya Imana na we abantu akaba ari we bamenya. Akamirwa n’Imana na we agakamira abantu, akaba ari we bakesha imibereho yabo. Umwami afite umumaro wo kunga abantu n’Imana akunga n’abantu ubwabo mu mahoro n’ubusabane. Umwami wakunga Abanyarwanda akavana igihugu mu nzoberanyo ni uwakwitaza ubuhutu , ubutwa n’ubututsi, akitarura iby’ubukiga n’ubunyanduga, akarenza ho ku by’abega n’abanyiginya, agasubika ibitero by’abarunari n’abaporosoma na parimehutu, ntahore ahangayikishijwe no guhiga abahinza aho guhugurira abaturage ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bwa kijyambere. Umwami uRwanda rukeneye ni uwakwandikisha amateka mashya asobanura ko amakimbirane ya Runari, Aporosoma  na Parimehutu yakuruwe n’ ubukeca, ubwikanyize, ubushotoranyi, ubwicanyi n’ubwirasi, none  n’Inkotanyi zikaba zarananiwe kubica mu gihugu. Umwami wizihiye  Rubanda ni uwakunamura icumu agatanga ihumure agahumuriza impabe maze n’ubutabera bugasagamba mu tugari , mu mirenge no mu turere twose tw’uRwanda. Nk’uko Maritini Ruteri Kingi Jr yabitangaje mu murage we aho yagize ati “Mfite inzozi inzovu”, ndahamya ko uRwanda rutavumwe, kandi ko ruzashyira rukabona umwami uruzahura mu bizazane by’inzitane rwatewe n’umururumba w’ubutunzi n’ubutegetsi wamunze imitima y’ibikomerezwa byo kuri iyi si byibagirwa ko mu by’ukuri mu maso y’Uhoraho bikomeye nk’amase mabisi!

Umwami uzarokora uRwanda azaturuka he kandi azimikwa ate ko mu bakuru b’igihugu cumi bose basimburanye ku isonga y’uRwanda kuva mu myaka y’umwaduko w’abazungu, wenda ndakabije umwe rukumbi ari we waba waraherejwe inkoni y’ubuyobozi bidaturutse kuri kudeta ikorewe uwamubanjirije? URwanda rwatoye umuco mubi wo gutembagaza ubutegetsi no guta ku munigo uwari ubucigatiye. N’ubu abantu batagira ingano babundamye mu bico byo gucakira ibinyita by’ubwicisha rubanda yikingirije gacaca ngo hato atazabona aho abacikira. None murumva igihugu cyahora muri ubwo butati kikazatera imbere ryari? Hakwiye umwami wo guhanagurira  ayo mahano mu ruhando rw’amahanga , agaca inzigo mu miryango akanywesha abantu amasubyo akabasumbira abase akaba ari we ubabera  igihango n’igihumurizo.

Umurimo wo kuba umuranga w’umwami ntiwigeze worohera abiru n’abapfumu b’impangu. No muri iki gihe bizaba ngombwa kwitabaza ibikwerere, abasaza n’abakambwe b’inararibonye, bakazigaziga isibo n’inkomati y’abasore bazinduwe no gucurukura ibyacuramye, bakabarinda icuraburindi, ubuhuname, amahugu, ubuhendanyi n’ubuhubutsi. Aho kwigira “Havenkurushe!” , abahatanira ubutegetsi muri iki gihe bari bakwiye kwemera kwitwa “Ngerageze”, kuko n’abaje mbere yabo wenda ntako batari bagize, bibwira ngo “Amafuti y’umugabo ni bwo buryo bwe!”. Abenshi amateka yarabavuguruje. Aha hantu ni ho nagira ngo nirengere umutwaro w’ibitekerezo byanjye kuko nifuza kugaragaza uko mbona ishusho y’ubutegetsi bwakurikiranye mu Rwanda mu myaka itangirana n’imyadukire y’Abazungu. Ibingibi umugabo Farasisiko Saveri Munyarugerero yabyanditse ho igitabo kitagira uko gisa n’ubwo nta byera ngo de. Abavugwa mu mazina muri uyu mwandiko ntibibwire ko hari icyo dupfa cyangwa hari icyo mbaziza. Nta masinde na make mfitanye na bo kandi umutima wanjye urera. Gusa nk’uko mu bindi bihugu by’Afurika baca umugani baganisha ku nguge iri mu bushorishori bw’igiti, njye ndashaka kwibutsa gusa ko Abanyarwanda bavuga ngo “ Nyirumutwe munini ntarengwa n’imijugujugu”. Niba barageze mu myanya yabahesheje kugaragara, ntibakwiye kubabazwa n’uko bavugwa uko bigaragaje, kandi na none ngo “Isohotse uko iri ntibugayirwa”. Mbiseguye ho rugikubita nta mugambi n’umwe mubisha mfite wo kubasebya no kubandagaza. Icyo ngamije ni ukureba niba nta somo twavana mu myifatire yabo mu bibazo by’ingutu bya poritiki bahuye na byo. Ntibirirwe bambaza ngo iyo njya kuba ndi mu mwanya wabo mba narakoze iki, kuko amateka yagenwe ku buryo tutashoboraga kubera mu mwanya umwe icyarimwe. Nanjye rero nzasubiza iby’umwanya nari mpagaze mo icyo gihe. Rwose byumvikane ko ntifuza guterana amagambo, ko ahubwo ngamije kungurana ibitekerezo.  Nzi ko buri wese agira ikintu adakunda ko bavuga iyo ahari cyangwa iyo kimwerekeye, ariko nta bundi buryo nari nagera ho bwatuma nirinda kuvuga abantu mu mazina yabo. Mbaye mbasabye imbabazi.

 Ibyacikiye ku Rucunshu wagira ngo byacuritse Abanyarwanda imitima, kandi nta muyobozi n’umwe wigeze ashishikazwa no guca iyo nzigo yacengeje amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda bagatora umuco wo kwishyira ku butegetsi binyuze iteka muri kudeta.

Mbere yo kunyagwa no kwangarizwa ishyanga, umwami Yuhi V Musinga yabanje kwitera amajeki y’Abazungu yiteranya n’abaturage n’abategetsi bashoboraga kumutera ingabo mu bitugu maze abategeza abatutsi baturutse mu Busanza n’abatemu bitwaje imbunda. Mbere yo gutangira ishyanga na we, Mutara III Rudahigwa yabanje gutatira uwakamutije intanga, yiteranya n’abatutsi abatora ibyabateraga ubutesi, yitandukanya n’abahutu abatsindira abatware batari bakibatega amatwi kandi abategeza abatwa batojwe gutungwa n’amata y’izo badatunze. Mbere yo kwikurira mo ake karenge ajya mu mahanga, Kigeri V Ndahindurwa washoboraga kunga Abanyarwanda yagizwe ingwate n’ingaruzwamuheto n’agatsiko k’intagondwa zahakanye ubuvandimwe bwa bene Kanyarwanda zigamije kwikanyiza. Umuntu se yavuga ko umuvumo wakomotse ku Rucunshu ari wo wokamye abami batatu bose batandukanyijwe n’uRwanda bagafata inzira y’amahanga?

Mbonyumutwa yagoragoje abarunari n’abaraderi b’imbere mu gihugu abakangurira amatora abagabira imyanya mu butegetsi barayagarama bahita mo gutera inkunga iterabwoba ry’Inyenzi zaje kwibombarika gato zikiyuburura mo Inkotanyi zarahiriye guhagika  ubutegetsi ku ruhembe rw’umuheto no ku ntumbi zitagira kibarika. Kayibanda wari wiyemeje gukorana n’abakomoka mu turere twose tw’igihugu mu mucyo wa demokarasi yaje kunanizwa n’amatiku y’abanyaporotiki  batandukanyijwe no kutumvikana ku murongo wo kuboneza ubutegetsi. Abahejwe ku mbehe bahembereye ubusambo n’ubusabosi bw’abasirikari bihishe inyuma y’imvururu z’amoko n’uturere benyegezaga maze bagahirika ubutegetsi bwa Reta bari bashinzwe kurinda.  Habyarimana amaze kwitesha ipeti yemera kuba igikoresho cya ba Rutemayeze muri bagenzi be yadukanye intero y’ubumwe n’amahoro ariko yanga gutega amatwi Gitera  ahinduka ingwate y’ibyitso n’abanyakazu bamugushije mu mitego yose y’abamuhanantuye  mu wa 1994. Abatabazi batari bazi iyo biva n’iyo bigana bateshejwe umutwe n’ibitero by’Inkotanyi ingabo z’igihugu bazihindura Interahamwe maze bageze imbere ya baringa y’ubutabera bahinda umushyitsi bigereka ho n’ibyo batateguye. Bizimungu na Twagiramungu biyibagije kontaro bemeye yo kuba ibikoresho maze Mukotanyi abereka aho umwana w’umwega  abera akaga. Rwigema na Makuza bati aho guhangara uguhatse wacisha make ugakama iyica bene gupfa bakicwa ubutagira kivurira. Biruta ati mu mwanya wa Nkusi na Sebarenzi bashaka amategeko agiwe ho impaka ndakora kuri Mukezamfura watojwe kuva kera guhatira abaturage amateka ya Nyiringabo utanga cyangwa agatonesha uwo ashaka n’igihe abishakiye. Rusesabagina na Rutayisire bati aho gukomata nka Rukokoma twishora mu matora cyangwa mu mishyikirano itazagerwa ho  tuzatanga ubuhamya ku byabaye n’ibigikomeza nk’uko abadutera inkunga babyifuza maze ahasigaye twibutse abatuyobotse ko ubukana bw’imboga butotsa imbehe kandi ko imitunu y’urukwavu itabuza ishyamba gushya. Nyuma y’abami batatu hakurikiye ho repuburika eshatu. Bamwe bibaza niba atari ababyinnyi bahindutse ariko imbyino ikagumana  ibitero byayo!

Ngiyo ishusho y’ubutegetsi n’imitegekere yo ku ngoma za cyami na repuburika. Haracyari ho inararibonye mbarwa zigishobora  kudutekerereza iby’izo ngoma zose ku buryo bw’imvaho atari amabwire. Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa ari muri izo nararibonye kandi yagize uruhare muri ubwo butegetsi  Ari mu bayobozi bo ku isonga bake basimbutse urwo ababasimbuye bagombaga (bisa n’ibyabaye umuco n’akamenyero  mu Rwanda no mu bihugu by’Afurika!) kubateganyiriza. Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa aracyari ho, asheshe akanguhe  kandi afite urunyiriri mu bitekerezo. Kugeza ubu ni we ufite gahunda yo kuyobora uRwanda no kunga Abanyarwanda atabinyujije mu bitero cyangwa inkomati. Kudeta yamuhaye ubutegetsi ntiyamennye amaraso y’Abanyarwanda kandi yishingikirije “amategeko” y’umuco w’Abanyarwanda  abiru bagihererekanya. Koko rero, avuga ko abiru b’ingoma yarazwe bakiri ho, ko ariko bagikomeza kubundabunda mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Yibukije abakabye ubutegetsi ku cy’ingufu ko igihe kigeze cyo kubusubiza bene bwo, kandi ku neza. Niba ubwe yaragize igihe gihagije cyo kuzirikana amafuti yose abacurabwenge b’imitima icuramye bamukoresheje, kuki atabona umwanya wo kugaragariza Abanyarwanda icyo noneho ashobora kumarira igihugu cye? Ibintu biroroshye cyane. Ba bandi birirwa baririmba intero za demokarasi na repuburika, nibareke abantu bose bifuza kuba  abayobozi  baziyereke Rubanda mu matora yo mu wa 2008 maze abe ari yo azagaragaza uw’ingirakamaro! Byantangaza umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa abuze abantu bamuhagarara inyuma kuri ya mirongo y’iterabwoba ihatira abaturage gutora abo badashaka kandi badashoboye ibyo bashizwe.

Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa ntagikeneye abamwamamaza. Nta rindi shyaka akeneye. Nta zindi ngabo akeneye uretse  Rubanda rw’umwami rwagizwe imfubyi. Ntiyaba ashaka kuba umwami w’amahoro ngo arundanye ibitwaro birimbura abantu. Ntiyaba ashaka kunga Abanyarwanda ngo yongere gukora ikosa ryo kurwanirira igipande kimwe muri bo. Ntiyaba ashaka kuba umwami w’urugwiro ngo ashyire ho imitwe y’abakumirizi bamubuza gushagarwa n’imbaga ayoborana urugwiro. Abamurega ubusaza bamenye ko mu by’ukuri tudakeneye yuko aba umusore kuko nta  misozi azaba asimbuka. Bati niba adafite ishyaka n’abamwamamaza, niba adafite ingabo n’ibitwaro agahiryi, niba adafite intege zo gukomata, niba adafite abanyamahanga bazamushyira ho ku gitugu biteguye  kumuhahisha no kumuha amabwiriza, Kigeri V Ndahindurwa ntiyashobora kongera kwakirwa nk’umwami w’uRwanda! Ku bwanjye, mbona  icya ngombwa ari uko abavuga ko bemera amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu bamuha urubuga akavugana n’Abanyarwanda imbonankubone bitakiri kuri radiyo gusa, maze akabageza ho imigambi namwumvanye yo kunamura igihugu no kunga abaturage bacyo ashingiye ku mahame n’imigenzo myiza ikubiye mu isengesho umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yavuze mu gihe yaturaga uRwanda Kirisitu Umwami. Nta wakongera kwibeshya akeka ko uRwanda rw’ejo ruzubakwa n’imbaraga za muntu gusa. Umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa iryo hame yarangije kuryicengeza mo kandi gahunda ze zose azitura Imana. Amasaha namaranye n’umwami Kigeri V Ndahindurwa yanyeretse by’imvaho ko utagera iBwami abeshywa byinshi. Ndababwiza  amanyakuri ko umwami mujya mwumva atari umwanzi w’uRwanda , ko ahubwo afitiye Abanyarwanda bose urukundo rwa kibyeyi. ARAKARAMA! ARAKARAMA! ARAKARAMA!

Jean Pierre mugema <memajp2000@yahoo. fr> a écrit :

Where is the problem if Kagame has immitated him? Kagame ni umuntu nkawe.Ibyo nushaka uzabimubaze uti mbese mbere y'uko uba Perezida ntiwari umuntu nk'abandi? Kuba Kagame yariganye Rutayisire Boniface ni ikintu cyiza. Iyaba Kagame yiganaga n'ibindi byose byiza by'uwo mugabo maze agaha abanyarwanda amahoro. Turagirangi tukubwire ko kandi Kagame na FPR ye atari ubwa mbere bigana Rutayisire Boniface kuko barabikoze no muri 2003 baterura projet politique kubireba amashuri n'ubumwe n'abanyarwanda byari byaranditswe na Rutayisire Boniface hanyuma FPR irabikoresha mumatora. Uzasome umuseso w'icyo gihe uzabisangamo.  Ikibabaje ni uko bateruye ibyo bitekerezo batabanje kubitekerezaho none  bikaba byarabananiye kubishyira mubikorwa. Ubundi rero niba utari ubizi ubimenye ko kwigana ibyiza aho biri nabyo ni ubutwari. Icyica abanyarwanda ni uko abiganye babikorana ubuswa n'ubugome bagamije guhemukira abo byaturutseho cyangwa kutubaha iby'undi hamwe n'aho byaturutse.
------------ --------- ---------
--- In rwanda-l@yahoogroup s.com, seth karekezi <skarek2002@. ..> wrote:

this was the president's stand time immemorial as regards King Kigeli, this would just be giving your self airs, the president has his own conscious, his own way of understanding things, if it coincides with ur understanding, it doesn't mean he has immitated you, he is not in competition with  Rutayisire.   
  seth
------------ --------- --------- --------- -----

memajp2000 <memajp2000@. ..> wrote:
          Kagame arashyize arahangutse ye. Kukibazo kireba umwami Kigeri
turabona Kagame yiganye imvugo ya wamunyapolitiki wo muri opposition
witwa Rutayisire Boniface urwanya ingoma ya Kagame. Biragarara ko
noneho Kagame yiganye icyemezo cya Rutayisire Boniface cy'uko uwo
Rutayisire Boniface aramutse abaye Perezida wa Repubulika yahamagara
n'uwo Kigeri akamuha ibyo agenewe nk'umuntu wayoboye igihugu.
ubundi se Kagame yigizaga ibiki ? kare kose se ko Kagame yari
yarigize Rutare ntafate icyemezo nk'icyo cyo kwemera ko uwo mututsi
Kigeri Ndahindurwa ataha nk'abandi banyarwanda kandi agahagwa ibyo
agenewe nk'uwayoboye igihugu. Kagame aragenda atakaza credibilité.
Ninde wakwemeza ko ibyo Kagame avuze ubu kubera pression
yazabikurikiza akabishyira mubikorwa? Wenda yamara no kumucyura
yarangiza agakora agatendo akamuhitana. Ibyo Kagame yemeye kubera
kwigana abanyapolitiki bo muri opposition imurwanya nta gaciro
umuntu yabiha kuko atabikoze k'ubushake bwe.
Hari hamazeho n'iminsi hacaho impaka zishyushye zivuga kuri iyo
ngingo ya Rutayisire Boniface bamwe badatinya kwita muruhame futur
Président, impaka zimwe z'abatutsi n'abahutu zavugaga ko Kigeri
yemeye gutahuka akemera gutegekwa na Republika ariko nawe agahabwa
ibyo agenewe nk'uwayoboye igihugu.
Ntihashize kabiri none Kagame ahinduye imvugo bwa mbere mumateka
yemera ko yaha umwami ibyo agenewe nk'uwayoboye igihugu. Ibyo
by'akajambo ko kumuha ibyo agenewe nk'uwayoboye igihugu ni ubwa
mbere abivuze mumateka.
Kagame rero arimo aragenda atakaza ibipande binini by'ikibuga yari
yarihariye wenyine.
Vive les opposants b'ubu barimo kumumerera nabi kugeza no mumbere
iwe bigatuma ahindura na positions yari afite.
Ninde watinyuka kuvuga ko opposition idahagaze neza? Icyo opposition
igomba gukora ni ukuzirikana ko buri wese ubu noneho ari kukiraka
kandi inzira ye ayihagazemo neza.
Ishyaka Banyarwanda rya Rutayisire Boniface, Partenariat Intwari ya
Mushayidi, na FDU ya Ingabire Victoire mwese hamwe mukomereze aho
murimo murajegeza Kagame cyane kubibuga byinshi binyuranye haba mu
Rwanda imbere cyangwa kurwego mpuzamahanga. Kagame amaze kuba intare
yakutse amenyo. Hazagire udushushaniriza intare yakutse amenyo
hanyuma tuyihekeshe Kagame. Mubwire Cyakumukungu akore ku irangi
cyangwa undi uzi gushushanya amushushanye yarakutse amenyo.
Mbese wari uziko hari abazungu bahoze ari abazungu b'ishuti ya
Kagame mu Burayi kuri ubu badashaka kumva n'aho ahagaze kubera
bamaze kumenya ukuri bakaba badashaka guheka icyo gipyisi cya FPR na
Kagame hamwe n'ibibi byacyo? kagame asigaranye inshuti nkeya cyane
zikomeje kwigira injiji kandi nazo zirimo ziratera intambwe
zimuhunga buhoro buhoro.
Mugema
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Polycarpe KIRAHUTERA <inyemeramihigo@ ...> a écrit :

Refus du statut spécial du monarque Kigeri V Ndahindurwa Jean-
Baptiste

Kigeri V Ndahindurwa Jean-Baptiste
Mana y'i Rwanda wagiye he?!

 

« Voilŕ la race commune des gens qui sont ŕ la tęte de la société.
Dans quel gâchis nous pataugeons !
Quel niveau ! Quelle anarchie !
La médiocrité se couvre d'intelligence.
Il y a des recettes pour tout, des mobiliers voulus et qui disent :
' Mon maître aime les arts. Ici on a l'âme sensible.
Vous ętes chez un homme grave ! '
Et quel discours ! quel langage ! quel commun ! Oů aller vivre,
miséricorde !
Saint Polycarpe avait coutume de répéter, en se bouchant les
oreilles
et s'enfuyant du lieu oů il était :
' Dans quel sičcle, mon Dieu ! m'avez-vous fait naître !
' Je deviens comme Saint Polycarpe. »
(A Louise Colet, 21 Aoűt 1853).

Mana y'i Rwanda wagiye he?!

 

 

Rwanda: Refus du statut spécial du monarque Kigeli
Kigali, Rwanda – Le tout dernier roi du Rwa nda, sa majesté Kigeli V
Ndahindurwa, exilé aux Etats-Unis depuis 1959, n'a pas de statut
spécial pour rentrer au Rwanda en sa qualité de monarque, a estimé
le chef de l'Etat rwandais, Paul Kagame, rapporte la presse locale.
"Il (Kigeli V Ndahindurwa) peut rentrer éventuellement comme tout
autre citoyen mais pas comme un roi. Certes le gouvernement rwandais
est disposé ŕ lui accorder certaines avantages et prises en charge
comme quelqu'un qui a dirigé le pays", a déclaré le président Kagame
au cours d'une conférence de presse animée mercredi ŕ Kigali.
"Il y a des gens qui veulent rendre le roi Kigeli V plus célčbre. Il
faut désormais que tout le monde soit conscient que ce monarque ne
pourra pas rentrer au Rwanda pour instaurer une autre royaume", a
renchéri le président rwandais, selon ses propos rapportés par
certains journaux de la place.
Le roi Kigeli V Ndahindurwa a régné sur le Rwanda de 1959 ŕ 1961,
date ŕ laquelle la monarchie fut abolie.
Kigeli V, qui fait partie du groupe ethnique Tutsi, comme tout
membre de la famille royale, s'est exilé ŕ la suite d'une révolte de
la majorité Hutu en 1961, alors qu'il se trouvait ŕ Kinshasa (RDC)
pour rencontrer le secrétaire général des Nations unies de l'époque,
Dag Hammarskjöld. Il obtient l'asile politique aux Etats-Unis en
1992 et vit actuellement ŕ Washington.
Kigali - 13/09/2007
Panapress

Baremera ga!

ut jam taceam quod in brutis plura observentur quć humanam
sagacitatem longe superant et quod somnambuli in somnis plurima
agant quć vigilando non auderent, pour taire pour l'instant ce fait
qu'on observe chez les bętes un assez grand nombre de choses qui
dépassent de beaucoup la finesse humaine et que les somnambules font
dans leurs sommeils un trčs grand nombre de choses qu'ils
n'oseraient faire éveillés. Ikibya cyundi kirakandika.

Le Rwanda est cet étrange pays oů de s'ętre beaucoup trompé dans le
passé constitue une présomption de lucidité pour l'avenir.

« Mon Dieu ! Mon Dieu ! Dans quel temps m'avez-vous fait vivre ! »

Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959), le mwami muselé

En 1931, les autorités belges sustituent ce jeune homme ŕ son pčre
Musinga, destitué pour avoir refusé de se convertir et pour son
esprit d'indépendance. Le nouveau mwami rčgnera sous le nom de
Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959).

Baptęme de Rudahigwa, le 17 octobre 1943. Il a pour parrain Pierre
Ryckmans, le gouverneur général du Rwanda.

Monogame, catholique pratiquant, ce souverain "bien sous tous
rapports" selon les critčres des Belges, plaça son royaume "sous la
protection du Christ-roi"en 1946, supprima l'ubuhake (contrat de
vasselage traditionnel) en 1953 et semblait échaffauder de vastes
plans de modernisation pour son royaume tout en restant attaché aux
valeurs anciennes de la civilisation de la vache.

Rudahigwa et sa seconde épouse, une chrétienne cette fois, Rosalie
Gicanda.

Il fut reçu ŕ plusieurs reprises par le roi Baudoin ŕ Bruxelles puis
l'accueillit ŕ son tour ŕ Nyanza en juin 1955. Lorsqu'aprčs 1957,
l'Eglise et les Belges effectučrent une volte-face au détriment des
élites tutsies sur lesquelles elles s'appuyaient jusque lŕ, il se
produisit le męme phénomčne pour Mutara que pour son pčre : il
commença ŕ s'opposer ŕ ses colonisateurs.

La mčre et la veuve de Rudahigwa pendant la cérémonie de funérailles
du mwami, en 1959.

Le mwami mourut subitement, le 25 juillet 1959, dans de mystérieuses
conditions, aprčs une piqűre de pénicilline qui lui fut administrée
ŕ l'hôpital "Prince Régent" de Bujumbura. En dépit de la demande de
certains membres du Conseil Supérieur du Rwanda, aucune autopsie ne
fut jamais réalisée.

Kigeri V Nadhindurwa, le dernier mwami

Jean-Paul Harroy, Résident général du Ruanda-Urundi pour la Belgique
de 1955 ŕ 1961, détaille dans son livre de souvenirs, Rwanda, de la
féodalité ŕ la démocratie (Hayez/Bruxelles, Académie des Sciences
d'Outre-Mer/ Paris, 1984), la maničre dont les Belges cherchčrent ŕ
pousser sur le trône un candidat de leur choix. Il fallait qu'il
soit suffisament docile pour les laisser préparer la "révolution
assistée" hostile aux Tutsis. Les Belges furent toutefois "doublés"
par les Abirus qui opérčrent "le coup de force de Mwima" acclamant,
lors des obsčques royales, Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwa, un des fils de
Musinga (Mutara n'ayant eu aucune descendance) . L'ancien Résident
ne cache pas sa volonté de mainmise sur le nouveau mwami, baptisé
Kigeri V Nadhindurwa. Il le décrit comme "une personnalité
sympathique mais peu brillante et influençable" et raconte avoir
exigé du nouveau souverain l'acceptation de régner
constitutionnelleme nt sans gouverner. Les Belges organisaient en
fait la chute de la monarchie et ce qu'ils appelčrent "la révolution
rwandaise" afin de placer au pouvoir les Hutus formés dans les
séminaires. Une fois encore, les rapports entre la Cour et les
colonisateurs se tendirent. Le monarque, appuyé en cela par l'UNAR
(Union Nationale Rwandaise), parti royaliste récemment créé,
pressentant ce qui se tramait, se fit moins docile. Il défendit par
exemple trois chefs unaristes mutins qui réclamaient l'indépendance
et fit en vain appel, en novembre 1959, au roi Baudoin de Belgique,
lui demandant par télégramme l'autorisation de rétablir lui-męme
l'ordre face ŕ l'agitation politique intérieure menée par l'APROSOMA
et le PARMEHUTU, les partis hutus soutenus par les Belges.

Accueil sur le tarmac du roi des Belges, Baudouin, par Kigeri, le 18
décembre 1959.
En juillet 1960, Kigeri se montra hostile ŕ la création d'un
Conseil Supérieur du pays composé en majorité de Hutus opposants; il
refusa de ratifier leurs décisions. En aoűt de la męme année, un
détail significatif soulignait la perte du prestige monarchique
voulue par les Belges : sur les nouvelles impressions des billets de
banque du Ruanda-Urundi, des animaux sauvages remplaçaient le
portrait du mwami. Le roi se sentit cerné : plusieurs de ses proches
furent placés en résidence surveillée et des Hutus disaient vouloir
marcher sur Nyanza pour "célébrer leur libération de la
traditionnelle domination tutsie". Kigeri s'envola pour Kinshasa, au
Congo, dans un avion soviétique pręté par Patrice Lumumba.

En janvier 1961, les élections marquaient la victoire écrasante du
PARMEHUTU et de l'APROSOMA. En septembre, un référendum fut organisé
pour interroger la population au sujet du systčme monarchique.
Kigeri, interdit de territoire, tenta de revenir clandestinement sur
le sol rwandais mais il fut rattrapé par les Belges et ramené ŕ
Bujumbura. Le référendum donna 80 % de "nons" hostiles au trône. Le
1er octobre 1961, Jean-Paul Harroy signait l'abolition de la
monarchie rwandaise et Kigeri partait pour un long exil. Il réside
aujourd'hui aux Etats-Unis.

Kigeri au début de son court rčgne, accompagné de Jean-Paul Harroy,
vice-gouverneur général du Rwanda-Burundi et Marcel Pochet,
conseiller belge du roi.

Suit ici le court texte d'un journaliste français, François
d'Harcourt qui entreprit, en en 1959, un périple de 35 000 km ŕ
travers le continent africain. Il en tira un récit préfacé par
Joseph Kessel, L'Afrique ŕ l'heure H., (Gallimard, 1960). D'Harcourt
eut l'occasion de croiser le mwami (Mais duquel sagit-il ? L'auteur
parle du mwami du Burundi et précise plus loin que le souverain
rentre ŕ Kigali. Il mentionne sa capitale située "en pleine
montagne" [Nyanza ?] alors que le monarque du Burundi résidait ŕ
Bujumbura. Il évoque "la femme et les enfants du roi" alors que l'on
sait que Mutara, au pouvoir ŕ cette époque, resta stérile...). Cette
vision par un Européen des années 50 d'un "roi nčgre" dont on
souligne la "sauvagerie" sous l'aspect occidentalisé , bien que
caricaturale et archétypiquement colonialiste, m'a paru intéressante
du fait de la rareté des témoignages sur les monarques des Grands
Lacs ŕ cette époque.
"(...) Aujourd'hui, Usumbura, la capitale administrative, est en
fęte. L'avion de Bruxelles, qui doit ramener le Mwami de l'Urundi,
va se poser d'un moment ŕ l'autre sur le petit aérodrome de

Bikotwa Sekyiza kya Rwamahina Rushimuta-Bantu

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