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Aug 5, 2024, 7:09:30 AM8/5/24
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ZscalerThreatLabZ became aware of a prevalent phishing campaign targeting employees of various organizations. During the past couple of weeks, many enterprise users have been getting spear phishing emails indicating that their employment with the company has been terminated.

These emails contain a Google document link that leads to the Bazar backdoor (from the TrickBot gang). What's interesting is that this campaign also used the Buer loader, which is the first time we have seen these two malware strains used together.


Use of the Buer loader by the TrickBot gang comes as no surprise as this group is known to work with different malware groups. In the past, the TrickBot gang has also worked with other botnets, such as Emotet.


In this email campaign, instead of relying on attachments, the attackers included links to what appeared to be a legitimate Google Docs document, which itself contained links to malicious files hosted on Google Drive or, in some cases, hosted elsewhere. In some previous phishing email campaigns, attackers leveraged SendGrid to distribute the initial emails to hide the Google Drive links in the documents behind a SendGrid URL as a way to bypass traditional defences.


Although, the use of target names with actuating themes is not new to this group, there has been a significant uptick in the number of emails received and this campaign has been persistently active for the past few weeks.


In most cases, the payload that is downloaded is the Bazar malware but, in some cases, it is the Buer loader. The packer used in both malware payloads is identical. Most notably, the packed binaries are exe files with a randomly named export function. The export function is responsible for payload decryption and injection.


First, a shellcode is decrypted, which further decrypts a headerless PE loader that has the final payload in its overlay. The headersless loader allocates memory, maps the payload into memory with proper permissions, and finally transfers control to it. In this campaign, no process self-injection is used to load the payload.




The C&C TLS communications of the Bazar backdoor have been using certificates created in the same manner that TrickBot certificates have been created. The C&C server TLS certificate is shown in Figure 7.




Researchers also observed that the backdoor downloads and executes the Cobalt Strike pentesting and post-exploitation toolkit on the victim's machine within some period of time after the infection. By deploying Cobalt Strike, it is clear that this stealthy backdoor is being used to gain a foothold in corporate networks so that ransomware can be deployed, data can be stolen, or network access could be sold to other threat actors.


The Buer loader was first discovered around the end of 2019. It is a very capable malware written in C and primarily sold on Russian underground forums for around US$400. Notably, this malware does not function in the CIS. It has most of the important strings encrypted and APIs are loaded by hash, just like most of the sophisticated malware these days. We are not going to go into technical details because detailed analysis of this has already published.


Last but not the least, always be attentive while opening any email links or attachments. Even if there is a tiny bit of suspicion, verify the email or get it reviewed thoroughly by your security team before proceeding further.


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When managing data sets in research data workflows almost all research disciplines are faced with the challenge on how to deal with versioning or, broader, tracking provenance. At this stall we propose an extension to the CMD Infrastructure to specify (provenance) relationships among language resources. Although we are particularly interested in use-cases for describing relations between corpora (update, enrichment etc.), we also like to discuss provenance tracking and provenance use cases in general. Contributions to our work are very welcome.


It is widely known that gaze is an important phenomenon in face-to-face conversation. This, however, is not the only way gaze is relevant to speech and language research. What we do with our gaze is useful from pther eperspectives as well. Here, we discuss how gaze can be used as a tool to achieve better annotations for speech technology, specifically to improve prosody in speech synthesis.


Speech production technologies are of increasing importance and diffusion in the domain of multimodal humanities, often providing high dimensional imaging data on speech articulators that can also be used for the realization of three-dimensional (3D) interfaces of the vocal tract. These technologies and related tools are less expensive and can be more flexibly used than in the past, e.g. by being applied to a larger sample of speakers and speaking situations, including fieldwork on endangered dialects and the study of speech pathologies. However, physiological imaging coupled with audio recordings requires the managing of extremely large quantities of experimental data. Safe storage and sharing of such datasets may go beyond the possibilities of single research centres and would thus greatly benefit from the existence of shared policies of data processing as well as of infrastructures sustaining speech production data archives. Among the major problems is also the lack of open access software and tools for speech production analysis, which implies a very low level of interoperability among systems - and research centres. The current lack of shared procedures and protocols for data storage and processing (including metadata organization) is also a major issue to be addressed in order to include speech production data and resources under the umbrella of shared linguistic infrastructures promoted by CLARIN. Ethical and privacy-related issues are also a crucial aspect in speech production research, which would require specific consideration, as they overlap only partially with the protocols currently developed in the domain of oral linguistic and historical archives. We will discuss these issues by providing concrete examples of datasets and procedures used in SIAMO, an ongoing project on speech motor disorders and visual feedback.


Starting from the digital encoding of the resources by using the Text Encoding InitiativeSee: _Encoding_Initiative guidelines, we will illustrate a workflow encompassing a sequence of incremental steps each of which will be led both on a methodological and technological perspective.


In order to present the output of the digital scholarly process the Edition Visualization Technology tool (EVT) has been appropriately customized. Specifically, new features concerning image visualization, diplomatic edition display and textual search have been developed.


In many cases, the sheer amount of audio data we find in archives is daunting. In The TillTRal project, we look to get an overview of 13 000 hours of data, which in many cases has virtually no metadata. For this reason, we're exploring techniques to quickly get an overview over large audio datasets. Here, we will discuss the effects of temporal dissassembly (e.g. chopping up audio in small segments and playing them out of order) and massively multichannel acoustic environments (a method of replaying large numbers of small sound samples in a manner that creates a continuous acoustic environment, or a soundscape.


The group aims to have completed and tested the Project Exchange Standard in March 2019. This standard will exchange the whole content of a project, i.e. processed data files, codes and links, their characteristics and the notes made, both about the objects in the project and the project itself.


The in-depth study of a text, especially in a scholarly perspective, requires some specific levels of the text to be appropriately annotated and some textual content elements to be structured in external resources linked to the text. In particular, the terms that make up a text and which constitute its semantic "backbone" have to be formalized and structured in electronic terminologies. Moreover, the concepts denoted by each term have to be structured too and linked to the relative terms, in order to allow a user to browse a text also on a conceptual basis.


The translation of a text is no exception, especially if the text to be translated is linguistically and structurally complex. A multilingual termino-ontological resource that encodes the keyphrases (including terms and named entities) present in the source and target texts provides the translator with valuable information elements belonging to the deepest semantic layers of the texts.


At the Literary Computing group of ILC-CNR, on the basis of models and formalisms of the Semantic Web, two collaborative web applications have been developed, LexO and Traduco, the former for the construction and management of termino-ontological resources and the latter for the computer-assisted translation of the Babylonian Talmud in Italian.


We have identified the need for a set of recommended components for basic aspects of the description of language resources and tools within the Component MetaData Infrastructure (CMD). The availability of high quality generic components would greatly improve discoverability and comparability of resources hosted across various consortia, and thus the general usability of the infrastructure. Our inventory of existing components shows that there is substantial overlap regarding content, but still a rather inconsistent use of similar concepts in this area. We aim to develop a first draft of a CLARIN general information component based on this inventory and further requirements pertaining to adequacy, interoperability, and reusability. As a closely related topic, we also aim to address the issue of mapping between various schemas in use within and outside of the Language Resources and TechnologySee: -resource-inventory community. Contextual semantics introduce significant complexity to such mapping tasks. As an alternative to previously considered relation registry based approaches, we suggest exploring the option of an augmentation framework for CMD to allowing for in-line mapping information under control and responsibility of the metadata modeller. At our bazaar stall, we are looking forward to getting your input and hope that some of you are interesting in joining us in the further exploration and implementation of these enhancements.

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