Hexedit 4.3 0
Nelson Suggs
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When I open the file, hexedit displays the file as 9 columns, 4 bytesper column (36 bytes per line). That is very unfortunate. I need to haveit aligned in a meaningful way (ie 8 columns, 32 columns per line)
I was expecting an output of ff11 1111 11 but looking at in hexdump showed me this: 11ff 1111 0011 at first I was confused, and thought maybe I had discovered some obscurity in my assembler (obviously I have not used the .align directive here, so this code would be incorrect in a real-life usage, and I thought the assembler might be doing something weird because of this). However when I went and checked the output using the program hexedit (if you are unfamiliar with this it is just a simple command line hexeditor), and it showed me what I expected (ff 11 11 11 11). Does anyone know why I am receiving this odd output? Is this a bug in hexdump, or does hexdump not behave like I am expecting it to for some other reason?
It should be scriptable and run directly from the command line. I am looking for something like "binary-which-is-included-in-the-distro --write AB --at-offset 100000 --file thebinary.bin". I am quite sure that it is possible with dd, but I wasn't able to wrap my head around the man page.
If you don't need it to be scriptable, you could try the hexedit utility. It is available in many Linux distributions (if not installed by default, it can usually be found in the distribution's package repository).
The easy to use interface offers features such as searching and replacing, exporting, checksums/digests, insertion of byte patterns, a file shredder, concatenation or splitting of files, statistics and much more.
Editing works like in a text editor with a focus on a simple and task-oriented operation, as such functions were streamlined to hide differences that are purely technical.
For example, drives and memory are presented similar to a file and are shown as a whole, in contrast to a sector/region-limited view that cuts off data which potentially belongs together. Drives and memory can be edited the same way as a regular file including support for undo. In addition memory-sections define a foldable region and inaccessible sections are hidden by default.
Furthermore a lot of effort was put into making operations fast and efficient, instead of forcing you to use specialized functions for technical reasons or arbitrarily limiting file sizes. This includes a responsive interface and progress indicators for lengthy operations.
HxD will be able to represent templates directly in the editor window.
Templates are a kind of a structured data-view.
Usually a hex editor shows data in a stream with no interruption or any distinction between pictures, audio, dates, number, floats, ...
Today templates use an extra window to show a structured view of a data section. That kind of data input stops your work flow: you have to find the correct position, find where the interesting data starts, switch to a different window to see its structured view, switch back if you want to edit something else or see another part.
Instead, edit data as normal in the editor window but with appropriate editing methods and representation for many data types. As all is in one place it is easier to understand the data and to navigate.
Unknown/undefined data still can be hex-edited as usual.
HxD is free of charge for private and commercial use. Selling HxD is not allowed. Distributing it as part of magazine addon CDs / DVDs / other media or putting it on download portals or private websites is allowed and welcome. For details, please see the HxD License.
Starting with Vista you need to manually unmount the hard disk to successfully write to it, or in other words: make sure the disk you edit has no mounted file system. More details in this forum thread. A system drive (the one where Windows is installed on) cannot be written to while Windows is running. In order to still accomplish that, you will have to execute HxD from a boot CD/DVD like PartBE or VistaPE and edit the system disk from there.
If the RAM-editor doesn't show any processes under Windows NT 4 you most likely don't have PSAPI.DLL installed on your system. You can get it from Microsoft (PSAPI.DLL Download) and copy the DLL into the %windir%\System directory.
HxD was only tested for Windows NT 4 SP 6, though it should work with versions prior to service pack 6.
The hex editor can be set as the default editor for certain file types by using the workbench.editorAssociations setting. For example, this would associate all files with extensions .hex and .ini to use the hex editor by default:
By default, the data inspector is shown just to the right of the data grid (or decoded text if enabled), but it can be configured (via the hexeditor.inspectorType setting) to instead show up while hovering over a data cell.
It seemed to be a really good lead and brought a lot of freshness to the hunt for our fabled gateway. To summarize, u/freshkosose discovered that "Raxxla" is the resulting ciphertext of running the word "Kwatis" through a Vigenere cipher with the passphrase of "hexedit". Investigate above post for full explanation of his process and reasoning. Kwatis is an existing in game system, and the likelyhood of the word "Raxxla" decrypting to a known system were said to be "astronomically" low.
My interest and experience in cryptography told me immediately that this clue being a random coincidence is actually much more likely than this community currently understands, but still seemed sufficiently against the odds to be considered evidence. It sure seemed that way until i actually crunched the numbers. Bear with me here:
In a Vigenere cipher, each character of plaintext encrypts to a single character of ciphertext by rotating through the alphabet - a Caesar cipher. However, unlike Caesar, Vigenere uses a different rotation to encrypt each character, determined by the passphrase. If the passphrase is shorter than the plaintext, it will be repeated until it has the same amount of characters as the plaintext to use in encryption. If the passphrase is longer than the plaintext, any extra characters in the passphrase are entirely unnecessary and insignificant. Herein lies our first indication that we have not stumbled upon a Raxxla clue: "hexedit" is longer than "Kwatis" / "Raxxla", so effectively our actual passphrase is "hexedi" which is neither a system name or anything that makes sense in the english language. Yet, this tells us nothing of the odds - just our first indication that we are barking up the wrong tree.
For our purposes, we will use a standard Vigenere cipher with "kwatis" as the plaintext, "raxxla" as ciphertext, and "hexedi" as the password. We could swap the plain and ciphertext, but we would also need to invert our caesar rotations so we would then be using a Variant Beaufort Vigenere cipher, which would only matter to us as a technicality.
So we have determined that, in the cipher used, any letter can encrypt to any other. This means that the chance of a letter becoming any other is 1 in 26, and the chance of two equal length blocks of text transforming to one another is 1 : 26n where n is the number of characters in the text block. "Raxxla" has six letters, meaning there are 266 unique passwords that will each decrypt our phrase to a unique plaintext. There is exactly 1 password out of 308915776 that will decrypt "Raxxla" to "Kwatis".
Wait, at the very worst, our odds of landing on a coincidence in this case are only 1 in about 300 million? Cryptographically speaking, that is actually pretty good odds for a random guess. But the odds start really leaning in favor of coincidence when we start to consider our possibilities - "Raxxla" needn't be the encrypted form of "Kwatis". Indeed, any six letter system could potentially encrypt to "Raxxla" given the right password. In the bubble alone, we have 2631 systems with six letter names. The chance of randomly guessing the password for one of these systems to encrypt to "Raxxla" is then 2631 : 266 or 1 : 117414. Whoa, about 1 in 100,000 chance that any random six letters will Vigenere encrypt some six letter bubble system to "Raxxla"? The odds get way lower for every six letter system we include outside of the bubble (i have no idea how many). The odds get brought even lower when you consider that we dont seem to care about passphrases with no significance - random strings dont matter, only strings that have significance to the game - thus there are a finite number of acceptable passphrases which is necessarily less than the total amount of possible passphrases. I dont think "hexedi" even falls under this umbrella, so i havent goven this limitation as much consideration, as our odds have already been dramatically decreased to the point that it is actually extremely likely that the community has stumbled upon this coincidence.
I checked if it had anything to do with security constraints on the plugin files (or other Notepad++ files), but this doesn't appear to be the case. If I make a user member of Power Users but not Administrators, then Notepad++ works fine for this user as well. I granted the Power Users group almost the same local user rights as the Administrators group. (Administrative Tools > Local Security Policy > Security Settings > Local Policies > User Rights Assignment)
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