Exiobase Emission Factors Download
Brigitta Reik
EXIOBASE is a global, detailed Multi-Regional Environmentally Extended Supply-Use Table (MR-SUT) and Input-Output Table (MR-IOT). It was developed by harmonizing and detailing supply-use tables for a large number of countries, estimating emissions and resource extractions by industry. Subsequently the country supply-use tables were linked via trade creating an MR-SUT and producing a MR-IOTs from this. The MR-IOT that can be used for the analysis of the environmental impacts associated with the final consumption of product groups.
Spend-based emission factors are often considered a second-best option, especially compared to activity-based measurements. Critics point out that measuring emissions by spend can come with shortcomings:
However, spend-based factors are better than their reputation, as long as they are applied with the necessary calibrations, which we will explain in detail below. In this case, they provide companies with an easy starting point to assess their emissions, particularly Scope 3, which otherwise can be a laborious task to assess.
In the environmental extension of IOTs emission data is added to the economic output data for each sector. Combining monetary flows with emissions data then allows us to create spend-based emission factors.
Obtained spend-based emission factors are expressed in basic prices (price at the factory gate without taxes) and incorporate upstream emissions, therefore, accounting for the effects of global trade. The use and end-of-life phases are excluded.
IOA is useful to compare consumption and production-based emissions, for example, in the work of Wood et al. (2019), who examined the structure of the carbon footprint and carbon exports of Europe. Peters (2008) is another great example of this scenario.
Input-Output analysis is a powerful tool to understand supply-chain emissions and can be used by companies to conduct the first approximation of their Scope 3 emissions. Frameworks such as the GHG Protocol, PCAF, TCFD, alongside others, encourage the usage of spend-based methods in a scenario where activity data is absent or difficult to obtain, bearing in mind their limitations. They are ideal as a first assessment to understand hotspots of emissions, which, where possible, should be assessed with activity-based emission factors.
Spend-based emission factors are always drawn from a global representation of emissions. They provide a solid, high-level assessment but cannot differentiate or depict nuances between products or suppliers at the local level.
EXIOBASE v3.3 is a global, detailed Multi-regional Environmentally Extended Supply and Use / Input Output database. The database provides data at an unprecedented level of consistent detail in terms of sectors, products, emissions, and resources for all the countries covered, including 43 countries, 160 industry sectors, and 200 product categories.
For any questions regarding access, support or licence clarification please email: exiobase...@googlegroups.com . The database is provided free of charge to users under a CC-BY-SA license. There is a discussion about different licence options, please reach out for information. For help in use of EXIOBASE data for spend-based emission factors, email exiobase...@googlegroups.com
The original EXIOBASE 3 data series ends 2011. In addition, we also have estimates based on a range of auxiliary data, but mainly trade and macro-economic data which go up to 2022 when including IMF expectations. A lot of care must be taken in use of this data. It is only partially suitable for analyzing trends over time! New data incorporating a full update for all SUTs to 2020 is soon available on request, reach out to exiobase...@googlegroups.com
Some of the data in these sources may not be consistent with certain GHG Protocol standards. Before using a database, its documentation should be reviewed for transparency, completeness, and applicability to the GHG inventory for which the data is being collected. For example, a database may contain combustion-only emission factors that are not applicable to product life cycle GHG inventories. Data should also be evaluated using the data quality indicators described in the Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard (chapter 7) and the Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard (chapter 8) and selecting the highest quality data available in the context of business objectives and the principles of relevance, completeness, consistency, transparency, and accuracy.
Conversion factors allowing organizations and individuals to calculate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from a range of activities, including energy use, water consumption, waste disposal, recycling and transport activities.
The E3IOT database contains a high resolution, environmentally extended input output table for Europe which covers production, consumption and waste management sectors. Almost 500 production sectors are distinguished. Added to the production sectors are a number of consumption activities with direct emissions, such as automobile driving, cooking and heating, and a number of postconsumer waste management sectors.
A life cycle inventory (LCI) study to quantify resources use, energy and environmental emissions associated with the processing of fourteen steel industry products from the extraction of raw materials in the ground through to the steel factory gate.
The U.S. EPA Supply Chain Emission Factors for U.S. Industries and Commodities dataset is a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the U.S. economy. These factors are intended for quantifying emissions from purchased goods and services using the spend-based method defined in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions.
Cold-water laundry detergents, fuel-saving tires, energy-efficient ball bearings, emissions-saving data centers. Corporations are increasingly claiming that their goods and services reduce emissions. But there is a big problem: These avoided emissions claims are often unverifiable or inaccurate.
We have also recalculated our estimated Scope 3 baseline applying Exiobase emissions factors to spend and revenue-based input data, as they are better aligned to our business type and global operations. Read more about the basis of this reporting here.
Scope 1 Fossil Fuels - Direct emissions from the fuel (gas, diesel, oil, petrol) which the BBC buys and burns in its buildings, operations and fleet and the fugitive emissions from refrigerant gases.
Scope 2 Electricity - Indirect emissions from the electricity that the BBC buys to use in its buildings and operations as well as steam, heating and cooling processes that we purchase for our own use.
Scope 3 Value Chain - Indirect emissions from our suppliers including independent production and distribution of our content, our own business travel, franchises and capital goods. Upstream emissions are from activities that happen before our production processes and downstream emissions are from what we do with our products after production, including audiences watching and listening to our content (use of sold products), disposal of our products and financial investments.
To reach our target of a reduction in scopes 1 and 2 greenhouse gas emissions we will reduce our direct operational emissions by cutting back on energy and fuel use, by economising on office space, by improving our data and building management systems and upgrading our energy sub-metering.
We will optimise our direct operational emissions by improving energy efficiency, scaling up our building monitoring and evaluation, upgrading our heating and cooling systems and liaising with landlords to overhaul premises that we lease.
There will be unavoidable, residual emissions from our direct operations, which will need to be offset and we will be doing our best to minimise these. In addition, we are currently offsetting the emissions from our in-house productions through the BAFTA albert certification scheme. BBC Studios currently offset their emissions through a process which allows them to be certified CarbonNeutral .
By working with suppliers and the rest of the industry, we believe we can help create a sector aligned with the science that has a clear pathway to cut its GHG emissions to Net Zero to prevent the worst effects of climate change.
Since 2010, we have been reporting on our Scope 1 and 2 emissions plus our Scope 3 emissions related to logistics and travel (see box). Our reporting has been based on a simplified version of the principles outlined in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol www.ghgprotocol.org. In 2019, we initiated a project together with external consultants, Klimakost/Asplan Viak and Material Economics, to assess emissions in reporting on scope 1, 2 and 3. --blocks/themed-images--blocks/sustainability/klimakost-report-on-laerdal-june-2020.pdf
We have in our screening process learned about alternative reporting methodologies that will enable us to estimate our total CO2e emissions. By combining two these, we can see the full picture of the emissions from operations, a quantification of CO2e emissions from materials, and the impact of different decarboni-zation initiatives. Moving forward, we will use 2019 as our base-line being the first year we implemented the new methodology.
Input-output analysis is a method to study the inter-relations between sectors in the economy. This method has been extended with environmen-tal information to estimate the direct and indirect emissions from economic activity. By calculating and tracing the interconnected demand between sectors in the economy it is possible to estimate the emis-sions from the spend in any sector.
The analysis is based on the estimated materials composition for 70% of our sales volumes (by weight) and includes the four main material types (plastics, electronics, steel, and paper/cardboard). The emis-sion factors consider the embedded emissions from selected materials, i.e. the emissions from extraction and production of the raw materials. Emission factors are based on average European values, e.g. for plastics overall.
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