Fwd: NATIONAL OF INDIA -2013

[raja ganapathy]

NATIONAL ANTHEM OF INDIA by Rabindranath Tagore " Jana Gana Mana Adhinayaka Jaya He Bharat Bhagya Vidhata Punjab Sindh Gujarat Maratha Dravida Utkala Banga Vindhya Himachal Yamuna Ganga Ucchala Jaladhi Taranga Tubh Shubha Name Jage Tubh Shubha Ashisha Mange Gahe Tubh Jaya Gata Jan Gan Mangaldayak Jay He Bharat Bhagya Vidhata Jaye He ! Jaye He ! Jaye He ! Jaye,Jaye,Jaye,Jaye He " It was first sung 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. The complete song consists of five stanzas. Jana Gana Mana was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on January 24, 1950.

The English translation of the song goes like this:

Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people,
Dispenser of India's destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of the Punjab,
Sind, Gujarat, and Maratha,
Of the Dravid, and Orissa and Bengal.
It echoes in the hills of Vindhyas and,
Himalayas, mingles in the music of the
Jamuna and the Ganges and is chanted by
the waves of the Indian sea.
The pray for the blessings,
and sing by the praise,
The saving of all people
waits in thy hand.
Thou dispenser of India's destiny,
Victory, victory, victory to thee.

 

History of Indian Independence Day

The history behind Indian independence is very painful and is full of sacrifices. And only because of those sacrifices India freed herself from the shackles of British Empire on 15th August 1947. It was an endless struggle of millions faceless Indians, who made the inhabitants united and fought for the freedom of their own country.

The year 1857 is a benchmark in the history of Indian independence. On 29th march 1875, a brave Indian soldier first ever raised his voice against the British Empire and later it resulted to Sepoy Mutiny. The name of the Indian soldier was Mangal Pandey, and the reason behind his revolt was, low wages of Indian workers than other British soldiers, racial discrimination and cultural misunderstandings. And another strong reason was the packing of the cartridges which was believed to be greased with cow and pig fat and soldiers had to tear the packing with their teeth in order to use it. And that was something which considered being very unholy for the hindu soldiers. Combination of all these issues led to the violent uprising of Barrakpore Sepoy mutiny. Mangal Pandey, the Hindu soldier of the 34th Native infantry was hanged as because he had shot his sergeant major on the parade ground. This incident fanned the fire of the revolution.  On 10th may of the same year the enraged Indian soldiers and the common civilians of Meerut joined their hands to protest against the ill-treatment of the British on some native soldiers. Later this revolt took a big form but it was eventually put down by the effective British military.

  In next few decades there were many small and big wars fought against the empire. Among these wars most prominent were the Battle of Kanpur led by Nana Shahib of Bittur, the Battle of Jhansi led by the Queen of Jhansi Rani Laxmibai and Tantia Tope, the fight of Arrah in Bihar led Kunwar Singh the landlord of Jagdishpur and the war at Lucknow led by Hazrat Begum. These battles were the indications of the discontent of the Indians against their European rulers.

   Jawaharlal Nehru  In 20th century, the dissatisfaction towards the British Government began to take a concrete shape. In the beginning of 1900 there were several revolutionary groups sprang up in different parts of the country such as Bengal, Punjab, Gujrat, Assam and the southern states of India. Several extremist organizations with arms started to sprang up with one aim that is to earn freedom through violent activities. This discontentment for freedom was not without reason. The British Government never treated the Indian natives with the deserving respect. They are always considered as low-lives comparing to the British counterparts. They don’t treat them with leniency even for the small crimes while the British civilians were being let off, even if they were found guilty of committing murders. In every path of their lives the Indians found themselves deprived. Some political groups such as Congress were formed to convey the voices of millions anguished natives to the British Empire in a peaceful manner. Some of the iconic leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose, Jawaharlal Nehru and Lala Lajpat Rai , had tried to attain freedom through peaceful means. On the other hand personalities like Mastarda Surya Sen, Chandrasekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh, had taken extreme measure to snatch freedom from the British Empire.

In 1930 Mahatma Gandhi started the famous “Salt March” and after that in 1942 he started the “Quit India Movement”. The amount of public support and remonstration was more than before. All those things which were Western were burnt or thrown away. Purna Swaraj or total freedom was demanded from the British Government. In answer to this protest the British Government imprisoned thousands of Congress leaders and civilians along with Gandhi. Subhash Chandra Bose, who idealisms were extremist, got drifted from Congress and formed a new party named the All India Forward Block Party and launched his own army named Indian National Army (INA). And by this military might he tried to attain freedom from the clutches of the British Empire. Initially they were successful. But with the sudden demise of Netaji (as Subhash Chandra Bose was popularly known to his countrymen) the entire nation saw the evanescent of the INA.

Later with two successive world wars, the resources of the British Empire were eventually drained to a certain extent that they found it really very difficult to manage India. And on top of that the huge discontent of the native Indians who wanted British to leave their country at any cost was driving them crazy. Non violent protests as well as extremist activities were being carried out on the daily basis. On this scenario the British was clear about one thing that their reign over this country were going to be over soon.

At last the day came, in the year 1947, June 3rd Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, declared that the British will leave the Indian subcontinent. But before leaving India they had decided to split up their Indian British Empire into secular India and Muslim Pakistan. This was done because the Muslims in India felt that their demands were not thoroughly represented by the Congress. And after the desired freedom they would not have equal opportunities as the Congress. They thought that after independence the Congress would give preference to the Hindus and therefore this thought lead to the demand for a separate nation. Pakistan was officially announced as an independent nation on 14th August 1947. And at midnight, on 15th August 1947, India was declared to be an independent nation by her first Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal

 

     Subhas Chandra Bose ( listen (help·info); 23 January 1897 – unknown) also known as Netaji (Bengali/Oriya/Hindi): (“Respected Leader”), was one of the most prominent Indian nationalist leaders who attempted to gain India's independence from British rule by force during the waning years of World War II with the help of the Axis powers.

Bose, who had been ousted from the Indian National Congress in 1939 following differences with the more conservative high command, and subsequently placed under house arrest by the British, escaped from India in early 1941.He turned to the Axis powers for help in gaining India's independence by force. With Japanese support, he organised the Indian National Army (INA), composed largely of Indian soldiers of the British Indian army who had been captured in the Battle of Singapore by the Japanese. As the war turned against them, the Japanese came to support a number of countries to form provisional governments in the captured regions, including those in Burma, the Philippines and Vietnam, and in addition, the Provisional Government of Azad Hind, presided by Bose. Bose's effort, however, was short lived; in 1944 the British army first halted and then reversed the Japanese U Go offensive, beginning the successful part of the Burma Campaign. The INA was driven down the Malay Peninsula, and surrendered with the recapture of Singapore in 1945. It was reported that Bose died soon thereafter from third degree burns received after attempting to escape in an overloaded Japanese plane which crashed in Taiwan,  which is disputed. The trials of the INA soldiers at Red Fort, Delhi, in late 1945 caused huge public response in India.

Clement Attlee, the British Prime Minister during whose rule India became independent, mentioned that INA activities of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose (which weakened the Indian Army – the very foundation of the British Empire in India) and the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in 1946 were major reasons that made the British realise that they were no longer in a position to rule India.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose

*Happy independence day*

 

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BY UR SWEET HEART "RG"