Greetings,
You would search against the whole ChocoPhlAn database if you wanted to do a comprehensive, nucleotide-level search against microbial pangenomes. Note that under most circumstances this is "overkill" as you'd be searching against pangenomes that are not in your sample (which could also result in spurious hits). The goal of the prescreen is to isolate the subset of ChocoPhlAn that we believe is represented in your sample, which allows us to map against that subset exclusively in the downstream step.
You might choose to map against all of ChocoPhlAn if you believed that a potential species-of-interest was present in your sample but not detectable by MetaPhlAn (e.g. because it was very low-abundance), but I don't recommend starting with this approach.