Roses in the Temple Garden
Maev
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On Aug 14, 4:33 pm, elizabeth wrote:
>
> Here's a snip from Henry VI in which Bacon
> shows the complete lack of empathy in the
> feudal mind if feudals even had minds in the
> modern sense:
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(anagram)
Emaricdulfe
Feudal crime?
Feudal merci
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(Emaricdulfe
- note likeness to Emmerich)
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>
> Warwick: And here I prophesy: this brawl today,
> Grown to this faction in the Temple garden,
> Shall send, between the Red Rose and the White,
> A thousand souls to death and deadly night.
>
> The Temple Garden reference is to an occasion,
> likely mythical, in which the combatants chose
> sides by going into the Temple garden, probably
> Temple Inn, to chose either a red or white rose.- Hide quoted text -
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Roses in the Temple Garden
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With such a tradition the Temple Garden should never be without its
roses.
They are one of those friendly plants which will do their best to
fight against fog and smoke, and flower boldly for two or three years
in succession: so a supply of red and white, and the delightful Rosa
mundi, the "York and Lancaster," could without much difficulty be seen
there every summer.
Certainly some of the finest roses in existence have been in the
Temple Gardens, as the Flower Shows, which are looked forward to by
all lovers of horticulture, have for many years been permitted to take
place in these historic grounds.
How astonished those adherents of the red or white roses would have
been to see the colours, shades, and forms which the descendants of
those briars now produce. The Plantagenet Garden would not contain
many varieties, although every known one was cherished in every
garden, as roses have always been first favourites.
Besides the briars, dog roses, and sweet briars, there was the double
white and double red, a variety of Rosa gallica. Many so-called old-
fashioned roses, such as the common monthly roses, came to England
very much later, and the vast number of gorgeous hybrids are
absolutely new.
Elizabethan gardens had a fair show of roses with centifolia,
including moss and Provence roses, and York and Lancaster, Rosa lutea,
musk, damask, and cinnamon roses in several varieties; and as the old
records show, the Temple Garden was well supplied with roses.
All these probably flourished there in the days of Shakespeare, and
would readily suggest the scene he immortalised.
Maev
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William Shakespeare, Henry VI and Temple Garden.
Of all the incidents that are associated with particular places, none
stands out more vividly than the scene told by Shakespeare, of the
first beginning to the Wars of the Roses in the Temple Garden.
Richard Plantagenet, with the Earls of Somerset, Suffolk, and Warwick,
Vernon, and a lawyer, enter the Temple Garden ("Henry VI." Pt. I. Act
2, sc. iv.).
Suffolk. Within the Temple Hall we were too loud; The garden here is
more convenient.
Plantagenet. Then say at once if I maintained the truth, Or else was
wrangling Somerset in the error ?
The direct answer being evaded, Plantagenet continues- Since you are
tongue-tied and so loath to speak, In dumb significants proclaim your
thoughts; Let him that is a true-born gentleman, And stands upon the
honour of his birth, If he suppose that I have pleaded truth, From off
this brier pluck a white rose with me.
Somerset. Let him that is no coward nor no flatterer, But dare
maintain the party of the truth, Pluck a red rose from off this thorn
with me.
Warwick. I pluck this white rose with Plantagenet.
Suffolk. I pluck this red rose with young Somerset.
Vernon. I pluck this pale and maiden blossom here, Giving my verdict
on the white rose side. Lawyer (to Somerset) ... The argument you held
was wrong in you, In sign whereof I pluck a white rose too.
Plan. Now, Somerset, where is your argument ?
Som. Here, in my scabbard, meditating that Shall dye your white rose
in a bloody red.
Plan. Hath not thy rose a canker, Somerset ?
Som. Hath not thy rose a thorn, Plantagenet ?
Plan. Ay, sharp and piercing to maintain his truth; Whiles thy
consuming canker eats his falsehood.
Som. Well, I'll find friends to wear my bleeding roses, That shall
maintain what I have said is true.
Warwick. And here I prophesy this brawl to-day, Grown to this faction
in the Temple-garden, Shall send between the red rose and the white A
thousand souls to death and deadly night.
> http://www.gardenvisit.com/book/london_parks_and_gardens_1907/chapter...
Maev
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Old Temple Gardens
The long green slopes down to the Embankment, are much larger than
the older gardens, as the wall which was built in 1528 to keep out the
river, cut across from where No. 10 King's Bench Walk now stands. The
wall must have been a vast improvement, and was greatly appreciated.
In 1534 a vote of thanks was passed by the "parliament" of the Inner
Temple to the late Treasurer, John Parkynton, who had "takyn many and
sundrie payns in the buylding of the walle betwene the Thames and the
garden," for which "greate dyligens" they gave unto him "hartey
thankes." And, indeed, the garden must sorely have needed this
protection. It is difficult to picture the Temple in the sixteenth
century, and the little gardens must have been as bewildering as the
present courts and buildings. In the records there are references to
various gardens, no doubt small enclosures like the present courts,
besides the Great Garden and the kitchen-garden.
There was the nut garden, perhaps adorned with nut trees, as Fig-tree
Court probably was with figs. There is more than one record of
payments for attending to the fig-tree or painting rails round it. In
1610, just at the time James I. brought them into notice, a mulberry
was "set in Fairfield's Court." In 1605 seats were set "about the
trees in Hare's Court"; thus all the courts were more or less little
gardens.
In 1510 a chamber is assigned to some one "in the garden called le
Olyvaunte." This was probably the Elephant, from a sign carved or
painted to distinguish a particular house facing it. There was
similarly "le Talbott," probably from a greyhound sign, in another
court.
The houses facing the Great Garden apparently had steps descending
into it from the chief rooms, and it was a special privilege to have
your staircase opening on to it. Thus, "May 1573, Mr. Wyott and Mr.
Hall, licensed to have 'a steeyrs' (stairs) from their chamber into
the garden."
The Great Garden was constantly being encroached on as new chambers
were built. Entries in the records with regard to permission to build
into the garden often occur; for instance- "1581. Thomas Compton... to
build... within the compass of the garden or little Court... from the
south corner of the brick wall of the said garden... 57 feet... and
from the said wall into the garden 22 feet."
On one occasion a license to build was exceeded, and the offence
further aggravated by cutting down "divers timber trees." The offender
was at first put out of commons, and fined �20, which was afterwards
mitigated to �5, with the addition of a most wise proviso, that "he
shall plant double the number of trees he caused to be cut down."
Would that the fault of felling timber always met with the same
punishment!
> http://www.gardenvisit.com/book/london_parks_and_gardens_1907/chapter...
> >http://www.gardenvisit.com/book/london_parks_and_gardens_1907/chapter...- Hide quoted text -
Maev
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Inner and Middle Temple Great Garden
The Temple Gardens are larger now than in the earlier days of their
history, as then there was nothing to keep the Thames within its
channel at high tide. The landing steps from the river were approached
by a causeway of arches across the muddy banks. It was not until 1528
that a protecting wall was built, and a pathway ran outside the wall
between it and the river.
Gardens must have existed on this site from a very early date. When
the Templars moved there from Holborn and built the church in 1185, it
was all open country round, with a few great houses and conventual
buildings standing in their own orchards and gardens.
After the suppression of the Order, it was in the hands of Aimer de
Valence, Earl of Pembroke, and in 1324 the land was given to the
Knights of St. John. As they had their own buildings and church not
far off, they granted it "to the Students of the Common Lawes of
England: in whose possession the same hath sithence remained."
All the consecrated land, and all within the City, was included in the
grant to the Knights of St. John: besides this there was some land
outside the City, or the Outer Temple, part of which remained in
secular hands, and in later times was covered by Essex House, with its
famous gardens.
The section belonging to the Law Societies, beyond the City, is spoken
of in early records as the Outer Garden, and from time to time
buildings were erected on it-at first under protest, as in 1565 there
was an order "for the plucking down of a study newly erected," and
again in 1567, "the nuisance made by Woodye, by building his house in
the Outer Garden, shall be abated and plucked down, or as much thereof
as is upon Temple ground." All this garden has long ago been
completely built over, and the large spaces now forming the Temple
Gardens are those anciently known as the "Great Garden," belonging to
the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple Garden. The Outer Temple (never
another Inn) was merely the ground outside the limits of the City.
> http://www.gardenvisit.com/book/london_parks_and_gardens_1907/chapter...
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Maev
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Middle Temple EC4
An award-winning garden in one of the Inns of Court, south of Fountain
Court and extending to the Embankment. The name derives from the 12th-
century residence of the Knights Templar, which was built on the site
and whose round church still survives. Their refectory and ancient
buttery were in the adjacent Inner Temple Hall.
Traditionally this was the scene of the plucking of the red rose of
Lancaster and the white rose of York. In 1602 Shakespeare's first
presentation of Twelfth Night was held in Middle Temple Hall.
Today the planting is a mixture of herbaceous borders, rose beds and
trees surrounded by lawyers' chambers and apartments. Elm Court is a
charming, formal rectangular garden. The fountain in Fountain Court
appears in Martin Chuzzlewit by Charles Dickens.
http://www.opensquares.org/detail/MiddleTemple.html
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Temple Garden
Crown Office Row, via Tudor Street Gate
Inner Temple Lane Gate and Middle Temple Lane Gate
London
EC4Y 7HL
See map >>
E: abrunsendorf[AT]innertemple.org.uk
Visitor Information
Open: 12.30-3pm Mon-Fri (times may vary)
A haven of tranquillity situated between the Thames and the hubbub of
Fleet Street within the historic precincts of the Inner Temple. The
impressive three-acre site includes sweeping lawns, many unusual and
ancient trees and spectacular herbaceous borders. History buffs will
should certainly pay a visit; parts of the garden date back to the era
of the Knights Templar when it was an orchard.
The scene from Shakespeare's Henry VI, in which Richard Plantagenet
plucks a white rose and John Beaufort a red rose at the outset of the
Wars of the Roses, is reputed to have occurred in the garden, and this
otherwise undocumented event is commemorated by a rose bed alternately
planted with the roses representing the Houses of York and Lancaster.
A boardwalk along the Thames embankment side of the gardens is lined
with plane trees planted in 1871 and offers excellent river views. Be
sure to combine a visit to the garden with an exploration of the
surrounding courtyards, where the likes of Pepys, Dickens and
Thackeray have strolled, and to the beautiful 12th century Temple
Church.
Full-screenTemple Garden
Crown Office Row, via Tudor Street Gate Inner Temple Lane Gate and
Middle Temple Lane Gate London EC4Y 7HL
http://www.visitthecity.co.uk/index.php/attractions/view/232/
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Temple Church
Temple
London
EC4Y 7BB
See map >>
E: verger[AT]templechurch.com
Visitor Information
Here are eight hundred years of history: from the Crusaders in the
12th century, through the turmoil of the Reformation and the founding
father of Anglican theology, to some of the most famous church music
in London.
The Church is in two parts: the Round and the Chancel.
The Round Church was consecrated in 1185 by the patriarch of
Jerusalem. It was designed to recall the holiest place in the
Crusaders' world: the circular Church of the Holy Sepulchre in
Jerusalem. It is a numinous space – and has a wonderful acoustic for
singing.
In the Round Church you will find the life-size stone effigies of nine
knights. Most famous of these knights was William the Marshal, Earl of
Pembroke, the most important mediator between King John and the Barons
in 1215. John was at the Temple in January 1215 when the barons
demanded that he confirm the rights enshrined in the Coronation
Charter of his predecessor; it was William who swore on the King's
behalf that the barons' grievances would be satisfied in the summer.
William became Regent in the minority of Henry III.
William's own eldest son, also William, was among those chosen by the
barons to force John's compliance with Magna Carta; and on John's
death he joined the rebels against Henry's rule. His father eventually
won him over to Henry's cause. The effigy of this younger William lies
next to his father's.
The Chancel was built in 1240. Henry III had signalled his intention
to be buried here. (He was in fact buried in Westminster Abbey; one of
his sons, who died in infancy, was interred in the Temple.) If you
look at the dark marble columns in the chancel, you will see that they
'lean' outwards. These columns are replicas of the 13th century
columns that stood until the War; they leant outwards too. The church
was bombed in 1941: the Chancel's vault survived; the columns cracked
in the heat, and after the War they had to be replaced. The architects
wondered whether to build the new columns upright. But if the
'leaning' columns had done good work for seven hundred years, their
replacements, it was decided, should lean too – and so they do!
The Temple Church features in Dan Brown's book, The Da Vinci Code and
also in the film of the same name.
Full-screenTemple Church
Temple London EC4Y 7BB
http://www.visitthecity.co.uk/index.php/attractions/view/136/
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