Gateway to Discovery
Art Neuendorffer
The Florida quarter is the second of 2004, and the 27th in the United
States Mint's 50 State Quarters® Program. On March 3, 1845, Florida
became the 27th state to be admitted into the Union. The design
incorporates a 16th-century Spanish galleon, a space shuttle and the
inscription "Gateway to Discovery." A strip of land with Sabal palm
trees is also depicted.
On Easter in 1513, while searching for the legendary Fountain of Youth,
Ponce de Leon named the region "Pascua Florida," meaning "Flowery
Easter." In 1539, Hernando de Soto and other explorers continued
the exploration of the New World through the region.
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"Greg Reynolds" <eve...@core.com> wrote
> The mainland of the North American continent was first sighted
> by the Spanish explorer and treasure hunter Don Juan Ponce
> de Leon on Easter, March 27, 1513. He claimed the land for
> Spain and named it La Florida, meaning "Land of Flowers".
> Between 1513 and 1563 the government of Spain launched six
> expeditions to settle Florida, but all failed. the French succeeded
> in establishing a fort and colony on the St. Johns River in 1564
> and, in doing so, threatened Spain's treasure fleets which sailed
> along Florida's shoreline returning to Spain. As a result of this
> incursion into Florida, King Phillip II named Don Pedro
> Menendez de Aviles, Spain's most experienced admiral, as
> governor of Florida, instructing him to explore and to colonize
> the territory. Menendez was also instructed to drive out
> any pirates or settlers from other nations, should they be found there.
>
> When Menendez arrived off the coast of Florida, it was
> August 28, 1565, the Feast Day of St. Augustine. ELEVEN
> DAYS LATER, he and his 600 soldiers and settlers came ashore
> at the site of the Timucuan Indian village. He hastily fortified the
> fledgling village and named it St. Augustine.
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Tristran's dog was named Leon or Lion. [Brewer]
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Vasco Nuñez de Balboa & Leoncito
http://www.bruce.ruiz.net/PanamaHistory/vasco_nunez_balboa_1.htm
<<Balboa joined Ponce de Leon on expeditions against [the Haitians].
In gratitude for his service, Ponce de Leon gave Balboa, a PUPPY,
son of his prized Spanish Mastiff dog. Balboa name the PUPPY
Leoncito (little Lion), in honor of Ponce. Balboa tried,
unsuccessfully, to farm [Haiti] for a living and was deeply in debt.
When an expedition headed by Ojeda, left Espanola to colonize the
mainland of South America Balboa tried, unsuccessfully to join; but,
his creditors prevented him from leaving. So Balboa & Leoncico
stowed away in an empty biscuit barrel, on one of the 2 ships
that was part of the relief expedition, organized by Encisco,
to carry more men and supplies to the Spanish settlement
of San Sebastian on September 1, 1510.>>
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http://www3.negia.net/~street/detour/illuminati.html
The Illuminati Outline of History
1275 -- Assembly of traveling mason guilds in Frankfort.
Zohar, 2nd book of the cabala, compiled by Moses de Leon in Spain.
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A Brief History of the Potato - Early
http://www.sunspiced.com/phistory.html
<<First cultivated in the Andes Mountains of Peru and Bolivia Potatoes
formed the basis of the Inca diet. South American varieties
The Spanish Conquistador Pedro Cieza de Leon in his journal "Chronicle
of Peru" wrote the first recorded information about potatoes in 1553.
The Conquistadors didn't find the gold and silver they were looking for
but quickly cornered the local potato market. Potatoes were soon a
standard supply item on the Spanish ships; they noticed that the
sailors who ate papas (potatoes) did not suffer from scurvy.
No one knows exactly when potatoes were first planted in European soil
but, in 1573, records of a Spanish hospital in Seville show that sacks
of potatoes were ordered for provisions. The potato was somewhat slow to
catch on, in part because people realized that it was a member of the
nightshade family, all of which are very poisonous. At about the same
time, some historians have written that Sir Francis Drake brought back
some potatoes from a trip to the West Indies. If so, these were probably
part of the stores of a Spanish ship he had fought with. The potatoes
were given to Sir Walter Raleigh, and were cultivated at both his
estates in Ireland and, later on, Virginia.
Potato cultivation spread to the low countries and Switzerland. With its
introduction to Germany in the 1620's, the nutritional properties of the
potato were finally acknowledged. Frederick the Great, the Prussian
ruler, ordered his people to plant and eat them as a deterrent to
famine, a common and recurrent problem of that period. The people's
fear of poisoning led him to enforce his orders by threatening
to cut off the nose and ears of those who refused.>>
http://members.rogers.com/spudsusa/District%20of%20Columbia%20images/Spud%20the%20picketer.jpg
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Chess history 1530-1647
[ http://www.hsv.tis.net/chess/history/0-1799.html ]
1530 LOPEZ, Ruy b. in Zafra, Spain. Spanish priest & leading player.
1533 Atahualpa, inca emperor of peru, imprisoned & learns chess.
1542 LEONARDO, Giovanni (a.k.a. Il Puttino/the Boy) born in Calaria.
1550 Valdiviesco, Don Antonio de, Bishop of Nicaragua,
assassinated while playing chess in his palace at Leon.
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Juan Ponce de Léon
http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/ponce.html
http://www.tfaoi.com/mn/mic/mic4.jpg
http://www.progress.org/fountain.htm
<<Juan Ponce de León was born somewhere around 1460 in San Tervás de
Campos, León, from impoverished nobility. He first visited the New World
on Columbus's second voyage in 1493, and settled there in 1502. After
a governorship of Higüey (on Hispaniola), in 1508 he left to conquer
an island further east, which he called San Juan de Puerto Rico.
He established a colony, and brought the island under Spanish rule.
In 1509 he was named governor of Puerto Rico, but in 1511
he was relieved from this duty for political reasons.
According to tradition, the natives of Hispaniola, Puerto Rico & Cuba
told the early Spanish explorers that in Bimini (Beniny), a land to
the north, there was a river, spring or fountain where waters had such
miraculous curative powers that any old person who bathed in them would
regain his youth. About the time of Columbus's first voyage, says the
legend, an Arawak chief named Sequene, inspired by the fable of the
curative waters, had migrated from Cuba to southern Florida. It seems
that other parties of islanders had made attempts to find Bimini,
which was generally described as being in the region of the Bahamas.
Juan Ponce de Leon (1460-1521), who had been with Columbus on his second
voyage in 1493 and who had later conquered and become governor of Puerto
Rico, is supposed to have learned of the fable from the Indians. The
fable was not new, and probably Ponce de Leon was vaguely cognizant of
the fact that such waters had been mentioned by medieval writers, and
that Alexander the Great had searched for such waters in eastern Asia.
A similar legend was known to the Polynesians, whose tradition
located the fountain of perpetual youth in Hawaii.
As described to the Spanish, Bimini not only contained a spring
of perpetual youth but teemed with gold and all sorts of riches.
The fact that the party of Arawaks who had gone in that direction
had never returned was taken as evidence
that they must have found the happy land!
Pietro Martire d'Anghiera (1472-1528), an Italian geographer and
historian who moved to Spain in 1487 and who is known as "Peter Martyr"
wrote to Pope Leo X in 1513: "Among the islands of the north side of
Hispaniola, there is about 325 leagues distant, as they say who have
searched the same, in which is a continual spring of running water,
of such marvelous virtue that the water thereof being drunk, perhaps
with some diet, maketh old men young again." The chronicler himself
discounted the tale, but he told his Holiness that "they have so spread
this rumor for a truth through all the court, that not only all the
people, but also many of them whom wisdom or fortune hath divided
from the common sort, think it to be true."
Ponce de Leon, who had become wealthy in the colonial service, equipped
three ships at his own expense and set out to find the land of riches
and perhaps the mythical fountain that would restore his health
and make him young again. He was only about fifty-three.
That fable was not associated with de Leon's name until long afterwards,
when Hernando de Escaiante de Fontaneda told it in his account of
Florida. In 1545 Fontaneda, at the age of thirteen, was shipwrecked
on the coast of Florida and spent seventeen years as a captive of the
Indians. He was finally rescued, probably by the French in northeastern
Florida, and later returned to the peninsula as an interpreter for
Menendez in 1565. Antonio de Herrera y Tordesilias (1540?-1625)
had access to Fontaneda's manuscript
and incorporated the story in his history of the Indies.
Whether any Europeans had visited Florida before Ponce de Leon's first
expedition is not known for certain. Some authorities suppose that both
John Cabot and Amerigo Vespucci had explored and mapped part of the
coast. At any rate, Alberto Cantino's Spanish map of 1502
indicated a peninsula corresponding to Florida.
On March 27, 1513 (not 1512 as often stated), after searching vainly
for Bimini among the Bahamas, Ponce de Leon sighted the North American
mainland, which he took to be an island, and on April 2 he landed
somewhere on the eastern coast. Nobody knows for certain where he
first set foot on Florida soil. Some suppose that it was north of St.
Augustine, while others think it was as far south as Cape Canaveral.
Either because the discovery was made during the Easter season, or
because he found flowers on the coast, or for both reasons, he named the
country La Florida. In Spanish, Easter Sunday is la pascua florida,
literally "the flowery passover." "And thinking that this land was
an island they named it La Florida because they discovered it
in the time of the flowery festival."
Ponce de Léon and his pilot, Antón de Alaminos, who would pilot several
more voyages of discovery and in his time was the person best acquainted
with the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, followed the coast southward,
rounded the Florida keys, and explored Florida's west coast northward,
possibly as far as Pensacola Bay, before returning to Puerto Rico. The
expedition was an important one. Not only was Ponce de Léon de first
European of whom we are certain he visited the territory of what is now
the United States, but also he had found the Bahama Channel, which gave
a shorter route between Cuba and Europe. Alaminos, who had noticed the
unusually strong contrary current at Florida's south coast, is now
considered the discoverer of the Gulf Stream. The king honored Ponce
de Léon with a knighthood and governorship of Florida, but it would
take until 20 February 1521 before he left from Puerto Rico with an
expedition to colonize what Ponce de Léon still thought was the island
of Florida. He landed on the west coast, and attempted to establish
a colony, which was probably either near the mouth of Caloosahatchee
River, or on Sanibel Island. However, the fledgling colony soon suffered
from Indian attacks, and had to be abandoned. Ponce de Léon himself had
been mortally wounded, and he died shortly after arrival back
in Havana (Cuba), in July 1521.>>
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http://www.publicbookshelf.org/public_html/Our_Country_Vol_1/whowaspo_bf.html
<<The new-found continent at once became an object of great interest
and attraction to adventurers of every kind, and a thirst for gold
occasioned the fitting out of expeditions for further discoveries on the
coasts of the main north and west of Hispaniola. That island, where the
first Spanish settlements were made, became the centre of operations in
the seas around, and on the coasts of the adjacent main after its
complete subjection to Castilian rule. Don Diego Columbus, the son and
successor of the admiral, was appointed governor, and there, with pomp
and ceremony, he and his "vice-queen" held a sort of court which spread
a halo of romance around that West Indian empire. Diego had married a
daughter of the renowned Duke of Alva, and in June, 1509, had sailed
from San Lucar with his wife, his brother Don Fernando who had grown to
manhood and was well educated, and his two uncles. They were accompanied
by a numerous retinue of cavaliers with their wives, and young ladies of
rank and family who were more distinguished for high blood than riches.
The latter were adventurers also-sent out to find rich husbands among
the settlers in Hispaniola. They were successful, for all of them
were soon married to the wealthiest colonists, and refined
the rude manners which prevailed among them.
Not long after Diego's arrival Juan Ponce, commonly known as Ponce de
Leon, who had borne a conspicuous part in the subjugation of Hispaniola,
as a military commander, was appointed by the king governor of Puerto
Rico, a large island east of Haiti. Distinguished in the wars with the
Moors, and a companion of Columbus in his second voyage, Juan Ponce was
regarded with reverence by many, for his locks were white with age, and
he had a noble Castilian lineage. He was then an old man animated with
the ambitions of youth; and he was still seeking renown and wealth. The
enjoyment of life had ever been an exquisite pleasure to him, and his
desire to prolong his earthly existence in vigor was intense. That
desire made him readily believe the marvelous tales told by some of the
natives, of crystal waters flowing from living springs among the Bahama
Islands, or on the coast of a beautiful country near them, in which he
who bathed would be instantly endowed with immortal youth and great
beauty. They told him that these fountains of youth were among
magnificent trees which bore golden fruit, where the air was perpetually
laden with the most exquisite perfume of flowers, and that these fruits
were gathered and given to strangers by beautiful maidens.
Here was the old story of the Gardens of the Hesperides
in another form, which Hesiod said lay "beyond the bright ocean."
Ponce dreamed of these gardens, their fountains,
their golden fruit and the beautiful maidens, until he could
no longer repress his desire to go in search of them. So, at the
beginning of spring in 1512-a month after Vespuccius expired at
Seville-he sailed from Puerto Rico for the Bahamas, with ships fitted
out at his own expense. On reaching the group, he went from island to
island tasting of and bathing in every stream and lake that met his
vision. Finally, disappointed but not disheartened, he extended his
researches in a northwesterly direction. A few days afterwards, west
winds brought the delicious perfumes of flowers. The heart of the old
cavalier leaped with joy and hope. Soon a long line of wooded shores
were in view, and as he drew near, Ponce saw lofty trees (magnolias)
whose marvelous blossoms were tinting the forest, and burdening the
air with their delicate fragrance.
It was Easter morning when Ponce and his companions landed near the
site of St. Augustine, on the southeastern borders of our Republic.
After he and his followers had chanted a joyous hymn commemorative of
the resurrection of Jesus, he took possession of the great island, as he
supposed it to be, in the name of the sovereign of Castile. Because of
its wealth of flowers, some say, or because he first saw the land on
Palm Sunday (Pascua Florida), as others tell us, he gave to the country
the name of Florida. Among its forests and savannahs he sought in vain
for the miraculous Fountain of Youth and Beauty, exciting the suspicions
of the natives. Then he cruised along its shores, doubled Cape
Canaveral, and struggling with the Gulf Stream, sailed southward until
he became entangled in a group of small islands abounding with huge
turtles. This group he called the Tortugas-the Turtles-their present
name. On another group he discovered only a single inhabitant-an old
Indian woman-who was not a realization of his dream of beautiful maidens
in the gardens of the Hesperides. He took the wrinkled hermitess with
him, hoping that she might tell him where among the Bahamas he should
find the Bimini, the beautiful island with the miraculous fountain.
After buffeting the elements for several days, Ponce transferred the
old woman to the ship of Ortubia, one of his trusted captains, who was
instructed to pursue the search. Then he returned to Puerto Rico, an
older if not a wiser man. He had not secured for himself immortal youth,
but he had won the immortal honor of being the discoverer of Florida,
a part of the North American continent before unknown.
Ortubia soon arrived at Puerto Rico. The old woman had guided him to
Bimini, where he found beautiful groves and sparkling springs and limpid
streams, but not one of the waters could restore to an old man the
vernal greenness of his youth. So Ponce turned his thoughts to more
practical subjects. Returning to Spain a few months later, he told the
sovereigns of the beautiful land he had discovered, and received the
appointment of Governor of Florida on condition that he should plant a
colony there. This was not attempted until several years afterward. He
had been moping in disappointment at Puerto Rico, after an unsuccessful
expedition against the Caribs, until he was assured that Florida was not
an island, but a part of the continent. Then ambitious desires moved his
sluggish heart, and the brilliant achievements of Cortez in the west,
aroused the slumbering energies of the old cavalier. With nearly all of
his wealth in two ships, he sailed from Puerto Rico in 1521, and landed
on the shores of Florida, not far from where he had first discovered
that land, to prepare for founding a colony there. He was met by a crowd
of natives who had gathered near the beach with bows and arrows and long
javelins, to defend their land from the intrusion of the pale faces,
for they had lately been taught, by the bitter experience of their
neighbors, to look upon them as children of the Evil Spirit.
A sharp battle ensued. Several of the Spaniards were killed,
and Ponce de Leon, *badly wounded in his thigh*, was
carried on board his ship and conveyed to Cuba, where he died.
Upon his tomb was written the following inscription, in Latin:
IN THIS SEPULCHRE REST THE BONES OF A MAN
WHO WAS LION BY NAME AND STILL MORE BY NATURE.
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Pericles Prince of Tyre Act 1, Scene 1
ANTIOCHUS Before thee stands this fair Hesperides,
With golden fruit, but dangerous to be touch'd;
For death-like dragons here affright thee hard:
Her face, like heaven, enticeth thee to view
Her countless glory, which desert must gain;
And which, without desert, because thine eye
Presumes to reach, all thy whole heap must die.
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http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/herrick/herribio.htm
<<Robert Herrick was born in Cheapside, London, in 1591, the seventh
child of Nicholas Herrick, a prosperous goldsmith. In November 1592,
two days after making a will, Nicholas killed himself by jumping
from the fourth-floor WINDOW of his house.
The Queen's Almoner had to be paid a £220 fee
for not to confiscate the Herrick estate for the crown as was
usually the case with suicides. In 1607 he became apprenticed to his
uncle Sir William Herrick as a goldsmith. Herrick entered St. John's
College, Cambridge in 1613, graduated a Bachelor of Arts in 1617, and
Master of Arts in 1620. He became the eldest of the "Sons of Ben",
Cavalier poets who idolized Ben Jonson, mixing in literary circles in
London. On April 24, 1623 Herrick was ordained an Episcopal minister
& acted as chaplain to Buckingham on the expedition to the Île de Ré.
In 1648 Herrick published his major collection, Hesperides,
consisting of 1200 poems. Included separately in Hesperides was
the subsection Noble Numbers, for the poems with sacred subjects.
With the restoration of Charles II in 1660 he was returned to Devon
where he died and was buried a bachelor in 1674 at the age of 83.>>
"The greatest song-writer EVER born of English race." - Swinburne.
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"Phil Innes" <aong...@sover.net> wrote
> The eternal Spring time of the Apple-Isled Hesperidies!
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[T]winkle, twinkle, little Phil!
[H]ow I wonder if you're ill!
[U]p above the world you fly,
[L]ike a tea-tray in the sky. ;-)
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ultima THULe : DEDICATION TO G. W. G.
With favoring winds, o'er sunlit seas,
We sailed for the Hesperides,
The land where golden APPLES grow;
But that, ah! that was long ago.
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He golden APPLES RAFT of the dragon. --Chaucer.
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<<The Lemean Hydra was a nine-headed fresh-water Serpent, or a beast
with a dog-like body; if one head were cut off two appeared in its
place. This monster was the offspring of Echidna by Typhon and was
killed by Hercules as his second Labor; it was a guardian animal,
defending the Golden APPLES of the Hesperides.>>
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Glastonbury: The Isle of Avalon?
http://freespace.virgin.net/david.ford2/avalon.html
http://www.pisle.com/bathweb/c-dir/backroad/glas.html
http://library.ctstateu.edu/~bibman/glaston.htm
In the Dark Ages, Glastonbury stood proud as an island.
Hence, its ancient British name was Ynys Witrin, which may
translate as "Island of Glass," though this is disputed. "Island of
St.Gwytherin" is a more plausible explanation. He may have lived in the
Dark Age buildings excavated on the Tor. Glastonbury was cut off from
the mainland by a defensive bank and ditch known today as "Ponter's
Ball," while Pomparles (Pont-Perles) or the Perilous Bridge, kept
communications open with land to the south. Some say, it was at the
latter that Bedwyr returned Excalibur to the swirling waters after the
Battle of Camlann. An island then, certainly, but why Avalon? Avalon was
the Otherworld home of one of the Celtic Underworld Gods, Afallach.
Both names relate to the APPLES that grew in this mystical land of the
dead and show Avalon's possible relationship to other legendary
realms such as the Garden of the Hesperides from Greek Mythology.
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Martin the (W)idow's (S)on
& (W)aska & (S)churka
<<'If your son is as wonderfully clever as you say, and if there is
nothing in the world that he cannot do, let him build a
magnificent castle, just opposite my palace windows, in four and
twenty hours. The palace must be joined together by a bridge of
pure crystal. On each side of the bridge there must be growing
trees, having golden and silver APPLES, and with birds of
Paradise among the branches.>>
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<< Loki had a hand in the disappearance of the goddess Idunn.
He lured her outside Asgard so she could
be kidnapped by the giant Thiassi. Since Idunn was
the keeper of the golden APPLES of youth, which the gods
needed to eat to keep from growing old, they were anxious
to get her back, and they therefore forced Loki to use his
trickery & magic to retrieve her from Jotunheim (Giantland).>>
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<< Broken eggs will poursuive bitten APPLES for where
theirs is WILL there's his WALL....>> - Finnegans Wake (p. 175)
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_ To Shakespeare_ by Thomas Bancroft
Thy muse's sugared dainties seem to us
Like the famed APPLES of old Tantalus,
For we, admiring, see and hear thy strains,
But none I see or hear those sweets attains.
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The Golden Asse by Lucius Apuleius
Adlington's translation (1566)
http://eserver.org/books/apuleius/
[Tantalus] standeth in the midst of the floud Eridan,
having before him a tree laden with pleasant APPLES, he beeing
neverthelesse always thirsty and hungry, betokeneth
the insatiable desires of covetous persons.
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In our orchard I saw you as a child picking dewey APPLES
with your mother (I was showing you the way).
I had just turned twelve years old, I could reach
the brittle branches even from the ground:
how I saw you! how I perished [for love of you]!
how an awful madness swept me away!
Virgil Eclogues: Book 4, Line 62
Saepibus in nostris parvam te roscida mala
(Dux ego vester eram) vidi cum matre legentem
Alter ab undecimo tum me iam acceperat annus,
Iam fragilis poteram a terra contingere ramos:
Ut vidi, ut perii, ut me malus abstulit error!
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King Henry V Act 3, Scene 7
ORLEANS Foolish curs, that run winking into the mouth of a
Russian BEAR and have their heads crushed like rotten APPLES!
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ORPHEUS AND OISIN
http://www.sundown.pair.com/SundownShores/Volume_V/orpheus_and_oisin.htm
Many of us, do we not love Niamh, and come again from enchantment, and
find all things grown old, the APPLES of Avalon become sere without and
full of dust within? Many of us, do we not follow a fay who has stolen
our joy, to go crowned a brief while with illusions, or to hold in
nerveless hands the disenchanted wand of the imagination? Many of us,
are we not continually adventuring upon a quest as futile as that of
Ponce da Leon, who, for the sake of a dream, was blind to the other
founts of youth that were within his reach, and so forsook all that he
might cross the world to find what was in his own mind?
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<<The fairy tale concept was essentially geared to stories relating to
these persecutions: allegorical accounts of the predicament of the true
Royal Family - the Ring Lords of the Sangréal, whose fairies and elves
(having been manoeuvred from the mortal plane of orthodoxy and
status quo) were confined to a seemingly Otherworld existence.
They were tales of Grail Princes who were turned into frogs, of Swan
Knights who roamed the wasteland, and of Dragon Princesses locked
in towers or put to sleep for hundreds of years. In the course of their
persecution, the Elf Maidens were pricked with bodkins, fed with
poisoned APPLES or condemned to servitude - while their champions swam
great lakes, battled through thickets and scaled mighty towers to secure
and protect the matrilinear heritage of the Albi-gens. They include such
stories as Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Snow White & Rapunzel.>>
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NOTES TO SOPHOCLES' THE WOMEN OF TRACHIS
http://www.hfac.uh.edu/mcl/classics/3345/Wom.Trach.html
1-93: Prologue
Unlike the other extant plays of Sophocles, The Women of Trachis opens
with a long speech which has the effect of a soliloquy, even though
the NURSE is on stage and listening to the words of Deianeira.
1089-1106 Heracles contrasts his past victories with his present
state of helplessness. He will mention a selection of 6 exploits:
the Nemean Lion and the Hydra of Lerna, the Centaurs and
the Erymanthian Boar, Cerberus and the Apples of the Hesperides
1095-1096 Heracles was entertained by the Centaur Pholus on his way
to hunt the Erymanthian Boar, and fought off the other Centaurs
who came for a share in the wine Pholus offered him.
1166 Priests of Zeus at Dodona who slept on the ground &
refrained from washing their feet [a la Al Bundy?] , thereby
no doubt preserving their connections with chthonic powers
( = mysterious powers of the Earth, the underworld).
1259-1278 The play closes with a section containing
clear stage directions. Heracles [Hamlet?] is
to be lifted up and carried in procession to Oeta.
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BLUE APPLES
Masonic in-joke - from "a rambling document full of puns
and anagrams by a man who calls himself the Prankster"
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Art Neuendorffer