Of anagrams: By Henry Benjamin Wheatley

[neufer]

Of anagrams: By Henry Benjamin Wheatley

<<commencing this Essay on Anagrams, I must premise that though the
name is derived from two Greek words, it is not of modern or of
mediaeval formation, but has come direct to us from the Greeks, the
word avaypanna having been used among them to express the same thing.
According to one derivation, the name is more applicable to that form
of inversion known as the palindrome, but it has, however, been
allowed to include a much larger number of transpositions than the
simple retrograde form, and we can divide them into three principal
classes—those which discover a new word when read backwards; those in
which the whole of the letters are transposed, and thrown into a new
form; and, lastly, those formed by a division of one word into
several, without transposition; and, as illustrations of these three
kinds, I may mention,—of the first, reviled, which, when read
backwards, becomes deliver; of the second, or most common, revolution,
love to ruin; and of the third, sustineamus, which makes sus tinea
mus. Anagrams are called " impure " when all the letters are not used
in the transposition, and I fear many given in the following pages
will fall under this designation.

We can trace anagrams into remote antiquity, and on their revival in
the sixteenth and seventeenth, centuries, they became a fashionable
amusement, and were indulged in by the grave and the gay, by the
wittiest and the most learned. The chief of English antiquaries, the
industrious Camden, who made a collection of them, discourses
eloquently on the subject. "William Drummond, of Hawthornden, has laid
down some rules in a paper by him, The Character of a Perfect Anagram,
where he relates that Artemidorus and Eustathius, the Paraphrast of
Homer, make mention of them; he gives directions on the licence
allowed in the leaving out and adding of letters, and in the changing
and doubling of letters. He says that it is generally allowed to
change Z into S, but he would say Z into SD. He is very severe when he
adds that " the spirit of man is more prone to evil than good;
ordinarily men used to make anagrams rather on vice than virtue ;" but
he is more cheerful when he speaks of the use of the anagram:—" We may
use it as " an apophthegm, mostly if it contain any sharp " sentence.
It may be the title or inscription of " a tomb, the word of an
Impresa, the chyme of " verses, that especially which admitteth of ex"
plication. An anagram which turneth in an " hemistich or half verse is
most pleasant. How" ever it, in an epigram or sonnet, if fitly, cometh
" in mostly in the conclusion, but so that it " appeareth not indented
in, but of itself na" turally. The reason of anagrams appeareth " to
be vain, for in a good man's name ye shall " find some evil, and in an
evil man's good, " according to the searcher. One will say it is " a
frivolous art, and difficult, upon which that " of Martial is current:
—

" ' Turpe est difficiles habere nugas,
" ' Et stultus labor est ineptiarum.' "*

Anagrams were used by fine gentlemen to add pungency to their
conversation, as will be seen by the following extract from Henry
Peacham's " Compleat Gentleman," 4to., 1634 :—"In your " discourse be
free and affable, giving entertain

" 'Tis a folly to sweat o'er a difficult trifle,
And for silly devices invention to rifle."—Ditraeli.

" ment in a sweete and liberall manner, and with " a cheerofull
courtesie, seasoning your talke at " the table, among grave and
serious discourses, " with conceits of wit and pleasant invention, as
" ingenious epigrams, emblemes, anagrams, meny " tales, wittie
questions and answers, mistakings, "as a melancholy gentleman sitting
one day at " table, where I was, started up upon the sud" den, and,
meaning to say I must goe buy a dagger, " by transposition of the
letters said: Sir, I must " goe dye a beggar" p. 225.

In a little book entitled " Linsi-Woolsie : or, Two Centuries of
Epigrammes. Written by William Gamage, Batchelour in the Artes," there
is an epigram to an individual who is distinguished as an "
Anagrammatist:—

"Second Centurie, Epigram 18. To his lo. fr. Mr. W. Awbrey, an
ingenious Anagrammatist, late turned a Minister.

If that the censure of the Cabalists

Be true, which saith there lies in each man's name,

By the inversion of Hieroglyphists,

His fatal fortunes, or his blazed fame,

Which in thy name thou didst, I thinke, out finde,

When to that sacred coat thou gav'st thy minde."

In the "Magnalia Christi Americana; or, the Ecclesiastical History of
New England, by Cotton Mather,"* folio, London, published in 1702,
Thomas Shephard, a minister of Charlestown, is described as " the
greatest anagrammatist since the days of Lycophron." And on Cotton
Mather himself are the following curious lines :—

" Care to guide his flock, and feed his lambs By words, works,
prayers, psalms, alms, and anagrams."

In Dr. Donne's poemsf there is an " Elegie"

styled " The Anagram," in which are these

lines:—

" Though all her parts he not in th' usual place,
She hath yet the anagram of a good face,
If we might put the letters but one way,
In that leane dearth of words what could we say."

And in Dry den's "Mac Flecknoe," a satire against Thomas Shadwell, at
line 204, he thus satirises that poet:—

" Thy genius calls thee not to purchase fame
In keen iambicks, but mild anagram :
Leave writing plays, and chuse for thy command
Some peaceful province in acrostick land.
There thou may"st wings display and altars raise,
And torture one poor word ten thousand ways."

In Samuel Butler's " Genuine Remains," 2

* A writer in the Quarterly Review says of this work that it is " one
of the most singular books in this or in any other language. Its puns
ana its poems, its sermons and its anagrams, render it unique in its
kind."

t Pp. 69, 70. 12mo. London, 1650.

vols. 8vo., 1759, in the " Character of a Small Poet,"* there is this
account of his pursuits:—

" When he 'writes anagrams, he uses to lay the " outsides of his
verses even (like a bricklayer), "by a line of rhime and acrostic, and
fill the " middle with rubbish. In this he imitates Ben " Johnson, but
in nothing else."

And, again, on poor Benlowes—

" There is no feat of activity, nor gambol of " wit, that ever was
performed by man, from him " that vaults on Pegasus to him that
tumbles " through the hoop of an anagram, but Benlowes " has got the
mastery in it, whether it be high" rope wit or low-rope wit."

Addison, in his series of very amusing papers on False Wit (Spectator,
Nos. 58 to 63), takes a very severe view of anagrams, and relates an
anecdote of an unfortunate lover who expended much time and patience
over an anagram of his mistress' name ; but when he had completed the
task, and presented the result to her, he was shocked to find that he
had spelt her name incorrectly, its real orthography being " Mary
Bohun," while he, no doubt much to the fair one's annoyance, had
framed his elaborate transposition from the prosaic letters of " Moll
Boon."

* Vol. ii., p. 118.

Addison adds—" The lover was thunderstruck " 'with his misfortune,
insomuch that in a little " time after he lost his senses, which
indeed had " been very much impaired by that continual " application
he had given to his anagram." He then concludes with this severe
observation:— " The acrostick was probably invented about the " same
time with the anagram, tho' it is impos" sible to decide whether the
inventor of the one " or the other were the greater blockhead."

This last expression must be taken at its value, being only used to
give a quasi-epigrammatic conclusion to the sentence; for among the
numerous anagrams that have come down to us, there are many which must
have required the exertion of considerable skill.

Swift most probably satirized anagrams in his " Gulliver's Travels,"
when in the description of one of the employments at the Academy of
Lagado (Voyage to Laputa) he mentions a professor who has " A project
for improving specula"tive knowledge by practical and mechanical "
operations," whereby "the most ignorant per" son at a reasonable
charge, and with a little " bodily labour might write books in
Philosophy, " Poetry, Politics, Laws, Mathematics, and Theo" logy,
without the least assistance from genius " or study." This invention
consisted of a frame
composed of small pieces of wood, linked together by slender wires;
with a piece of paper pasted on each, and on each paper a word
written. By turning some iron handles attached, the whole disposition
of the words was changed, the result was each time committed to paper,
and as forty pupils were employed at this labour six hours a day, the
Professor had many folio volumes of these particularly rich materials
for a body of all the Arts and Sciences with which he intended to
enlighten the world.

Swift also speaks of anagrams in his notice of " Barbarous
Denominations in Ireland."* For the names of places, " some have
contrived ana" grammatical appellations from half their own " and
their wives' names joined together: others "only from the lady; as for
instance a person " whose wife's name was Elizabeth calls his " seat
by the name of Bess-borow. There is " likewise a famous town, where
the worst " iron in the kingdom is made, and it is " called
Swandlingbar; the original of which " name I shall explain, lest the
antiquaries " of future ages might be at a loss to derive it. " It was
a witty conceit of four gentlemen, who " ruined themselves with this
iron project. Sw " stands for Swift [the author's uncle, Godwin ♦
"Works 1824, vol. vii. p. 150.

" Swift], And for Sanders, Zing for Darling, and " Bar for Barry."
This Sir Walter Scott calls in a note, an anagram. In the "Parallel"*
among " A List of my proposals for raising a sum not exceeding £54,674
12s. in two years," are the following items: " For casual odes,
familiar " epistles, lampoons, satires, dedications, loose " letters
and verses, anagrams," etc.

We find in Richard Owen Cambridge's " Scrible

riad," anagrams appearing in their home, the land

of false wit, after the march of Acrostics, Bouts

Rimes, and Chronograms:

" But with still more disorder" d march advance
(Nor march it seem'd, but wild fantastick dance)
The uncouth anagrams, distorted train,
Shifting, in double mazes, o'er the plain."

Mookll. 161.

Disraeli, in his " Curiosities of Literature," makes the following
observations: "Plato had " strange notions of the influence of
anagrams " when drawn out of persons' names, and the " later
Platonists are full of the mysteries of the " anagrammatic virtues of
names. The chimeri" cal associations of the character and qualities
"of a man with his name anagrammatized may " often have instigated to
the choice of a voca" tion, or otherwise affected his imagination."

* Swift's Works, vol. vii. p. 213.

Among the manuscripts of Sir Julius Caesar there was found a
collection of anagrams upon some of the principal persons about the
court: Sir Julius had labelled them "Trash." They are now among the
Lansdowne MSS. in the British Museum.

In Howell's " Parly of Beasts or Morphandra, Queen of the Inchanted
Island" there is "An " Etymological Derivation of some words and "
anagrams in this Parly of Beasts according to "the alphabet," but they
are mere transpositions without meaning of any kind.

In that amusing work, Menagiana, the chief of the interesting class of
Ana, room is found for the following Epigrams:—

" Turpeest difficiles habere nugas, et stullus labor " est
ineptiarum ... est un passage qu'on peut " attribuer fort justement
aux faiseurs d'ana" grammes. II faut avouer que ceux qui s'appli"
quent a. cela se tourmentent cruellement pour " trouver des mots dans
des mots. Je ne pourrois " jamais me donner tant de fatigue. Voici ce
" qu'en dit M. de Valois (Adrien) dans cette " epigramme:

Quicunque nervis ingenl parum fisus,
Doctumque carmen facere posse desperans,
Evisceratis verba quaerit in verbis,
Anagranuna versu claudat ut salebroso,
Laboriosis occupatus in nugis,

Non hic meretur usque quaque damnari ;
Nam se ipse noscit et vêtus probat verbum ;
Citharœdus esse qui nequit sit Aulœdus,
Anagrammatista, qui poëta non sperat."

tome ii. p. 287.

Thus translated in the "French Anas" :—
" We should not blame the humble bard,
Who (finding it a task too hard,
' To build the lofty rhyme ; ')
Old letters with such care transposes,
Into new words the same composes,
And makes them quaintly chime.

This modest poet knows his force
And weakness ; and desires of course,
This adage grave to follow ;
Should not the harp your genius suit,
You yet may play upon the flute,
And write without Apollo."

vol. ii., p. 231. Again:—

" M. Colletet a aussi très-bien exprimé dans

" des vers qu'il m'a addresses, le tems que l'on

" perd inutilement à faire des anagrammes. Les

" voici:

J'aime mieux sans comparaison,

Menage, tirer à la rame,

Que d'aller chercher la raison,

Dans les replis d'une anagramme.

Cet exercice monacal

Ne trouve son point vertical,

Que dans une tête blessée ;

Et sur Parnasse nous tenons,

Que tous ces renverseurs de noms,

Ont la cervelle renversée."

tome ii., p. 283.

Thus translated in the "French Anas" :—
" Menage, I'd rather tug the oar,
Than any sense or wit explore,
Which mazy anagrams may hide,
In folds so strangely multiplied.
This monkish wit could never gain
Th' ascendant in a sober brain ;
And 'tis averr'd by critics sound,
That all these letter-breaking elves,
Who thus good peaceful words confound,
Must surely first be eracVd themselves."

vol. ii., p. 232.

Anagrams have heen turned to use by authors to veil themselves from
popular gaze. Thus on the title to Calvin's " Institutes," published
at Strasburg in 1539, Cafoimu becomes Alcuinus. Pielro Aretino
published under the anagrammatic pseudonym of Partenio JEtiro.* The
author of "Zodiacus Vitae," which was published as "a Marcellio
Palingenio," was found to be Pierre Ange Manzolli. Father Paul
published his evermemorable History of the Council of Trent under the
pseudonym of " Pietro Soave Polano." His real name being " Paulo
Sarpio," if we add to that the word "Veneto," for his nation, we have
the groundwork from which " Pietro Soave Polano" was anagrammatically
deduced. Jean Tabourot, uncle of the author of the curious "Bigarrures
et Touches du Seigneur des Accords," published a 'work on the art of
dancing, etc., called " Orchesographie," under the name of Thoinot
Arbeau, which is an anagram of his name. Alcofribas Nader was Frangois
Rabelais. Benedict de Maillet published his curious work on various
subjects in natural history and philosophy under the title of
Telliamed, which is a retrograde anagram of his own name. A book
entitled the "Patterne of all Pious Prayer," published in 1638, has on
the title the words " Marke prayer in't," which is the anagram of him
who wrote it; from the letters can be made the name "Patrick May erne"
who was the probable author. Rudolfus Otreb stands for Robertus Fludd.
Henry Peacham wrote some of his "Penny Pamphlets" under the name of Ri/
hen Pameach; as, for instance, his " Dialogue between the Crosse in
Cheape and Charing Crosse." 1648. 4to. John Taylor, the water poet,
turned himself into Thorny Ailo; and Peter Heylin became P. H.
Treleinie. A man named Collard read his name backward, and endeavoured
to add his Christian name John, but finding he could make nothing of
this backward, he contented himself with the initial "N," and his
works were published as by "N. Dralloc." " The Castle of Otranto" was
published originally as a translation from the Italian of Onuphrio
Mwalto, which is a rude anagram of Horatio Walpole. The celebrated
bibliographer, De Bure, printed his first bibliographical attempt (a
small catalogue of fortythree pages, entitled "Musseum Typographicum,"
1755), under an anagram of his name, " a Guillelmo-Franciseo fiebude,
juniore, Bibliopola Parisiensi." There is one most notable instance,
that of an author, whose patronymic is little known to the general
public, but whose anagrammatic name has a world-wide celebrity—this
was Arouet le jeune, who used to sign himself " Arouet 1 j." and who,
when he commenced authorship, transposed the letters of his name into
Voltaire, afterwards, with consummate impudence, prefixing the magic "
de" to impose himself upon the public as of noble descent. The name of
Voltaire naturally suggests that of Rousseau, though his introduction
here is not as an author. In early life he travelled through
Switzerland under the name of Vaussure de Villeneuve, pretending to
teach music, of which he then knew nothing. This freak of taking such
a name has been accounted for on the ground that a former peripatetic
friend of his was called Venture de Villeneuve. The word Vaussure is a
rather incorrect anagram of Rousseau. In the " Table des Pseudonymes,"
at the end of Barbier's "Dictionnaire des Ouvrages Anonymes," there
are at least a hundred pseudonyms, which are anagrammatiscd names, and
these are from French literature alone. " Frip " was the common
signature of Jean Paul Friedrich Bichter to his contributions to
Reviews, etc.; it is an anagram of his initials. TFilliam Jerdan
signed many of his fugitive pieces in the Literary Gazette and
elsewhere W. J. Andre. In 1838 was published a work, "Divine Emblems,
embellished with etchings on copper, after the fashion of Master
Francis Quarles, designed and written by Johann Abricht, A.M." The
author's real name was Jonathan Birch, of which Johann Abricht is an
anagram. Sydney Dobell published his poems with his proper Christian
name, and the same reversed for a surname, thus—Sydney Yendys, I will
add from the many examples which might be given that of a celebrated
poet, who, like Voltaire, has made his " nom de plume" infinitely
better known than his "nom de famille": Bryan Waller Procter, the
letters of whose name, when transposed, with the substitution of an o
for an e and dropping an r make Barry Cornwall, poet; or toper if the
latter letter be retained. Anagrams have been sometimes made use of by
authors to publish their discoveries to the world; and, as an
instance, lloger Bacon has described the composition of gunpowder
under the veil of an anagram, in his work, "De Secretis Operibus Artis
et Naturae," cap. 11, thus: " Salis petree Lurtj. Vopo Vir Can Utriet
Sulphuris."

We can trace anagrams back to the Jews, and indeed Camden is disposed
to refer their origin to the time of Moses, and conceives that this
divine lawgiver communicated the art to the chosen Seventy. But, to
pass this theory by, it appears to be certain that the Cabalists were
professed anagrammatists, the third part of their art, which they call
" Themuru''—i.e., changing—being no more than the practice of making
anagrams, or of finding hidden and mystical meanings in names. They
thus, from the Hebrew letters expressing Noah's name, form the word
"grace;" again, in the letters of the word " Messiah," they find " he
shall rejoice." Some of their transpositions are most ungallant; for
they have found by transposing the letters of the Hebrew word
signifying " Man," the new one—" Benediction," and in
"Woman,"—"Malediction."* This is akin to those who say that woman is
woe to man;f but the following charade contains a healthier philosophy:
—

My first does affliction denote,
Which my second is destined to feel;
My whole is the best antidote
Such affliction to soothe and to heal."

Sir Thomas Herbert, in his " Travels in Africa and Asia," folio,
London, 1677, speaking of the derivation of the word Ophir, says:
—"Yea, to strengthen that imagination, others suppose that by the word
Sophy r a (which is Ophyr anagram matized), mentioned in the lxxii.
interpreters, is intended or meant Soffala, or Sophura, as to attain
their ends they wrest it, albeit St. Jerome by that name intends
Sepher."—Pp. 349, 350.

* The conceits of the Cabalistic writers are most curious; for
instance, they suppose that Abraham wept but little for Sarah, because
a remarkably small letter—" Caph"—is used in the Hebrew word which
describes Abraham's tears, thus evincing that his grief was also
small. They likewise discovered that two letters in the Hebrew words
for man and woman, together formed one of the names of God; if,
however, these letters be taken away, the remainder formed the word
fire. They explain this to mean, that when man and wife live happily
together, God is with them, but when they depart from him, lire will
attend their steps.

t "Others (in latine) anagrammatize it from Eva into vte, because
(they say) she was the cause of our woe."— William Austin's " Hoec
Homo." 12mo., London, 1637, p. 182.

Lycophron, who flourished about 280 B.C., and wrote a poem on the war
of Troy, entitled " Cassandra," is said to have been famous for his
anagrams, and two of them have come down to us : one on Ptolemy
Philadelphus, King of Egypt, at whose court he was held in great
estimation,

UTO\ffiaiOS,
'Avb fl4\lTOS.

the other on that monarch's sister and wife, Arsinoe, to whom he was
so devoted that on her death he named a district of Egypt after her—
Arsinois:

ApfftVOTJ,

lop Upas.

Lycophron was one of the seven poets who were honoured with the name
of The Pleiades; but Lord Royston, in the preface to his translation
of Cassandra, suggests that he was probably indebted to these courtly
anagrams on his royal Patron and Queen for this distinction.

Eustachius informs us that the practice of anagrammatism was by no
means uncommon among the Greeks, and of some examples which he gives
the following is the best, showing virtue to be lovely:

Ap«T»),
Epo/TTJ.

Atlas, probably from his very heavy burthen, was found to be
wretched :

ArAar,
ToAos.

It is said that anagrams were not unknown to Homer, as some allusions
to them have been noticed in his works, but I am unable to point out
where.

Peignot* gives two early Greek anagrams, which are very good. When
Alexander was about to raise the siege of Tyre, he saw in a dream a
Satyr leaping round him, and endeavouring to seize him. He consulted
his sages, who read in the word Satyt—Tyre is thine, thus : tarvfot,
2a rvpos,

and on the following day the prediction was accomplished. Constantine
III., son of the Emperor Heraclius, was about to give battle, when he
dreamt that he took the way through Thessalonica into Macedonia. He
related his dream to one of his courtiers, who divided Thessalonica
into syllables, finding in it—leave the victory to another:

QtoffaAoviirriv,
&es a\K(f viKt)v.

The Emperor took no notice of the warning, fought the battle, and was
beaten.

• In his "Amusemens Philologiques," 8vo., 1808.

Peter Le Loyer,* according to Bayle, found a line in the Odyssey,
'which, being anagrammatized, contained his name and birth-place, with
the province and kingdom in which it was situated. The line is :

Sop 81 oi/7rcu Tis *x€t KdKov yepas aWa Ckijxos,

which he transposed into:

Tlerpos Accepios, Avfievicaos, TaWos, T\ettj,

Peter le Loyer, of the Province of Anjou, a Gaul,

{born at) SuilU. but, after extracting these words, there still
remained three letters, ?, y, «', which we must consider as numerals;
and Le Loyer says they point out the time when the name hid in the
line was to be revealed, namely 1620.

One of the few choice anagrams we possess is in Greek, and we are
indebted for its composition to a Frenchman, Jean Daurat. It is on the
name of Jesus, from which is elicited " Thou art that

sheep:"

IH20T2,
2T H OI2.

latin.

The Romans do not appear to have cultivated the anagrammatic art, for
the only kind which * Born at Huille in 1550; died at Angers in 1634.

seems to have found favour amongst them is

that by which one word is divided into several;

as, for instance, the one formed from the name of

the god Terminus:

Terminus,

Ter minus,

on which Aulus Gellius also founded an enigma.

Although original Roman anagrams are so few, modern ones in the Latin
language are very numerous, and this has probably arisen from the
malleable character of the language, and the ease with which its
inflections can be changed.

In Ben Jonson's " Hymenaei; or the Solemnities of Masque and Barriers
at a Marriage," is this anagram on the name of Juno :

Reason. And see where Juno, whose great name
Is Unio in the anagram,
Displaces her glistering state and chaire,
As she enlightened all the ayre.

The whole masque runs on the word Union, and

Juno as the patroness of marriage.

Baudoin anagrammatized his friend Calvin's

name:

Calvinus,

Lucanius ;

and Hotman also changed it thus:

Calvinus,

Lucianus.

Rabelais, in revenge for the anagram that Calvin is said to have made
on his name: Rabelsesius, Rabie lasus— turned Calvin intojan eul*

Father Finardi made a very apposite anagram upon the celebrated
bibliographer Magliabechi, who was librarian to the Grand Duke of
Florence at the end of the 16th century:

Antonius Magliabechius, Is unus bibliotheca magna. On the title-page
to the translation of Sendivogius's "New Light of Alchymie," 4to.,
1650, is this anagram on the author's name : Micheel Sandivogius, Divi
Leschi genus amo. More to the point 'is the following on the same, to
be found on the title of his " Tractatus Alter de Sulphure:"

Micheel Sandivogius, Angelus doce mihijus. There is an amusing
anecdote of Henry IV. of France, and an anagrammatist, who presented
to him the two following anagrams on his name of Bourbon:

Borbonius,
Bonus orbi.

Borbonius,
Orbus boni.

* Equivalent to the English woi&jack-ass.

The King asked the man what he was to understand by this
reduplication, who replied that when Henry was a Huguenot he was bonus
orbi, but when he returned to the true church he was orbus boni. The
King, having heard this explanation, demanded the man's profession. "
I am a maker of anagrams, please your Majesty, but am in needy
circumstances," was the answer. " I can well believe it," replied the
King, " for you have taken to such a beggarly trade." There is a good
anagram upon the murder of Henry IV., containing the name of the
assassin: Henricus Galliarum Rex, In herum exurgis Ravillac. On
another celebrated Frenchman, Yoltaire,

we have:

Voltaire, ■

0 alte vir.

On Bernard de la Monnoie, himselfa poet and

epigrammatist:

De la Monnoie,

A Delio nomen. In the " Relacion de la Fiesta de 8. Ignacio; Sevilla,
1610," 4to., there are several Latin anagrams and acrostics on the
names of Loyola, among which are the following:

Ignatius,

loni tuas.
[graphic]

Ignatius,

Vi signat.
Ignatius Loyola,
Sola vi nil agito.
Ignatius de Loiola,
Dolos a vi nil agite.
Ignatius de Loiola,
Digna sto Oliva Dei.
Pater Ignatius miles,
Plus agtt inermis? ita.

Loyola has been a prolific subject for anagrams; here is one from
another source: Ignatius de Loyola, 0 ignis Hiatus d Deo.

On the celebrated Bishop of Ypres :

Cornelius Jansenius,

Calvini sensus in ore. On the Apostle Paul:

Paulus Apostolus,

Tu salvas populum. On Mary Magdalen:

Maria Magdelana,

Mala meagrandia.

The following is from " 1' Oraison Funebre de Marie de Lorraine,
Abbesse de Chelles," by Augustin Boullenger, better known as "Petit
Pere Andre :"—" Oh, que divinement le nom de Marie de Lorraine vous
fut donné, puisque par 1' anagramme des mots renverses du Latin, Maria
de Lotaringia, nous trouvons Magni latior ara Dei! autel étendu du
grand Dieu."
[graphic]

In " Pietro Francesco Maleto, Historia del
Beato Amadeo, terzo Duca di Savoia," 4to.,
Torino, 1613, is this anagram:
Victor Amtedeus,
Audits amore Dei.
On the Eucharist:

Sacramentum Eucharistioe,
Sacra Ceres mutala in Ckristo.
Herbert says:

Roma dabit oram, maro,
Ramo, armo, mora et amor.\
Will the successor of St. Peter at Home agree
with this, which is from Taylor's " Suddaine
Turn of Fortune's Wheele:"

Supremus Pontifex Romanus, 0 non sum super petram fixus. The following
anecdote is from the " Bengal Moofussul Miscellany," reprinted in
London, 1837, which contains two papers on anagrams:— " When young
Stanislaus, afterwards King of Poland, returned home from his travels,
all the illustrious family of Leczinski assembled at Lissa

t The word Roma can be changed twenty-four times; but the only correct
Latin words to be evolved are the seven given by Herbert.

to congratulate him on his arrival. Festivals, shows, and rejoicings
of every kind took place; but the most ingenious compliment that
graced the occasion was the one paid by the College of Lissa. There
appeared on the stage thirteen dancers, dressed as youthful warriors;
each held in his hand a shield, on which was engraved in characters of
gold, one of the thirteen letters which composed the two words ' domus
Lescinia.' They then commenced their dance, and so arranged it that at
each turn their row of bucklers formed different anagrams. At the
first pause they presented themselves in their natural order : Domus
Lescinia. At the 2nd. Ades incolumis. 3rd. Omnis es lucida. 4th. Omne
sis lucida. 5th. Mane sidus loci. 6th. Sis columna Dei. 7th and last,
I, scande solium."* We will now turn to some Latin anagrams connected
with English history; those on " Good Queen Bess" are very numerous,
of which the following five are good specimens: Elizabetha Regina,
Anglia hera beasti.

Anglice eris beata. * " Notes and Queries," 1st Series, Vol. iv., p.
297.

Elizabetha Regina Anglise,
Angliee agna et Siberia lea.*
Elizabetha Regina Anglorum,
Magna bella tu heroina geris.

Gloria regni salva manebit.

Of the two following on the charming Mary, Queen of Scots, a Frenchman
composed the first, but the author of the second is unknown: Maria
Steuarta, Veritas Armata. Maria Steuarda, Scotorum Regina, Trusa vi
regnis morte amard each. The Jesuit Garnet, who was hanged in London
in 1606, on account of his complicity with the perpetrators of the
Gunpowder Plot, is said by Father Jouvenay to have had his features
transferred to an ear of corn which was stained with his blood. This
led one of his Order to anagrammatize his name:

Pater Henricus Garnetius,
Pingere cruentus arista.

* This brings to mind the verses of Gray, in " The Bard," where he
describes the Royal British line ending in Queen Elizabeth thus:—

In the midst a form divine!

Her eye proclaims her of the Briton'line:

Her lion-port, her awe commanding face,

Attempered stotet to virgin grace.

And Speed, in relating Elizabeth's " set-down" to the Polish
ambassador, speaks of her as rising " lion-like."

Charles I., when Prince of Wales, was complimented thus:

Carolus Stuartus Princeps,
Propter jus clarus sanctus.

And he himself, the day before he was beheaded, is said to have made
the following, as he was standing before a portrait of himself, on
which, was inscribed Carolus Rex; looking at it, he said—" Cras ero
lux."

In the Works of John Cleveland, 8vo., London, 1099, p. 343, are the
following verses and anagram :

THE DEFINITION OP A PROTECTOR.

What's a Protector ? He's a stately thing,
That apes it in the non-age of a king.
A tragick actor, Csosar in a clown,
He's a brass farthing stamped with a crown.
A bladder blown, with other breaths puft full,
Not the PeHllus, but Perillus Bull.
-iEsop's proud ass, veil'd in the lion's skin,
An outward saint lin'd with a devil within.
An echo whence the royal sound doth come,
But just as a barrel-head sounds like a drum.
Fantastick image of the Royal head,
The Brewers' with the King's arms quartered:
He is a counterfeited piece, that shows
Charles his effigies with a copper nose.
In fine, he 'e one we must Protector call,
From whom the King of kings protect us all.

Protectory Q CR

Anagram, J

The next on George Monk is admirable, and includes a chronogram. It is
correct, if we allow the contraction Aumarle for Albemarle : Georgius
Monke, Dux de Aumarle, JEgo regem reduxi, Ano Sa. MDCLVV.

The following long anagram on Charles II., is written on the fly-leaf
of an old hook: Carolus Stuartus, Angliae, Scotiee, et Hibernise

Rex, Auld, statu, regno exueris, ac hostiliarte necaberis.

Samuel Purchas, son of the celebrated author

of the "Pilgrims," and writer of "A Theatre of

Politicall Flying Insects, especially Bees," 4to,

London, 1657, has taken great liberties with his

name in the following anagram which is in that

book:

Samuel Percas,

Mel curas apes.

Thomas Fuller, in his " Worthies of England,"* gives an anagram on
Whitgift, upon which he thus writes:—" I have largely written his life
in my ' Ecclesiastical History,' and may truly say with him who
constantly returned to all inquirers Nil novi novi, I can make no
addition thereunto ; only since I met with this anagram :

Joannes "Whitegifteus,

Non vi egit, favet Jhesus.

* Folio, 1662, p. 152.

Indeed, he was far from violence, and his politick patience was
blessed in a high proportion." Fuller's authority for this is "
Camden's Remains."

On Cotton Mather, who, as we have seen before, guided his flock by the
assistance of anagrams, were made these two :

Cottonus Matherus,
Tu tantum Cohors es.

Tuos tecum ornasti.

Passing over a long space of time, I find the following two specimens
on Napoleon I.: Napoleon Bonaparte, Bona rapta, leno, pone. Lucius
Napoleon Bonaparte, Imperator, O! sub altero Nerone arma capiunt
populi.

After the arrival in England of the news of the victory of the Nile,
the Bev. William Holden, Rector of Chatteris, made this very excellent
anagram, which has long been attributed to Dr.

Burney:

Horatio Nelson,
Honor est a Nilo.

Berlin has been honoured by this very flattering result:

Berolinum,
Lumen Orbi.

We cannot better conclude this notice of Latin anagrams, than, with
the following beautiful and suggestive one. 'When Pilate asked the
question, " "What is truth ?" Jesus returned him no answer, but,
strange to say, the words themselves contained the elements of the
best and most appropriate reply:

Quid est Veritas ?

Est vir qui adest.

The science of mathematics may at first sight appear to have no
connexion with the art of anagrammatism, but nevertheless the doctrine
of combinations has been applied to them, and the result is what are
called Protean verses.

There has been much discussion among mathematicians on the number of
times that the following line can be changed in its order, retaining
through all its permutations the quality of an hexameter:

Tot tibi sunt dotes, Virgo, quot sidera ccelo. This verse was made by
Bernard Bauhusius, a Jesuit of Louvaine, in honour of the Virgin Mary.
Henry Dupuy transposed it one thousand and twenty-two times, which was
the number of the then known stars; but he purposely omits many
changes that might have been made, not wishing to infer that the
virtues of the Virgin could be numbered as the stars of Heaven. He
printed the whole in forty-eight pages, under the name of Erycius
Puteanus. The title of his work is " Pietatis Thaumata in Bernardi
Bauhusii Proteum Parthenium, unius libri versum, unius versus librum,
stellaruru numero sive formis 1022 variatum," 1617. Vossius, in his
work " De Scientiis Mathematicis, Amst., 1601," p. 28, gives the
number of general changes at 40,320, but 1,022 only according to the
laws of metre ; the number that Dupuy had also arrived at. Prestet, in
the first edition of his " Elemens des Hathematiques, Paris, 1675,"
calculates the number of changes at 2,196, showing in six pages how
they can be made; in his second edition he had reason to alter this
number, enlarging it to 3,276. In a review of Wallis's "Algebra," in
the "Acta Eruditorum," June, 1686, Leipsic, p. 489, the number is
fixed at 2,580; and "Wallis himself, in the folio edition of his
works, makes the transpositions amount to 3,096. But Bernouilli
disagrees with all the above calculations, and, in his "De Arte
Conjectandi," with great elaboration, raises the number of
transpositions to 3,312, without destroying the sense or the measure.

Much calculation has been spent upon other lines, but not with so much
success, as they are mere nonsense verses; thus these by Thomas
Lansius:

Lex, Rex, Grex, Res, Spes, Jus, Thus, Sal, Sol,

bona Lux, Laus. Mars, Mors, Sors, Lis, Vis, Styx, Pus, JVbx, Fax

mala Crux, Fraus. Each of which can be changed in its order 39,916,800
times, the words bona and mala always remaining in their present
position to preserve the measure of the verse. As all these words are
of one syllable, it is nothing more than saying that eleven different
things can be arranged in 39,916,800 ways.

Of the same kind, Vossius in his " De Scientiis Mathematicis" gives:
Rex, Lex, Sol, Lux, Dux, Fons, Mons, Spes, Pax,

Petra Christus. calculating that it can be changed 3,628,800 times, so
as to preserve the rules of an hexameter. "Wallis in his " Algebra"
corrects this number, saying it should rather be 3,265,920, and
explaining the reason.

In Prestet's "Elements des Mathematiques," among many calculations on
the manner of combining and re-combining the alphabet, he states as an
instance that Ignatius can be changed in its letters 40,320 times.

Jtalian.

I have been unable to discover any specimens of pure Italian anagrams,
although Camden tells us that in his time they " now admire them, but
only began them thirty years since;" and also that the Bishop of
Grassa was a professor of the art.

Danish.

The art of anagrammatism has been much practised in Spain, although
most of the specimens are in Latin. There is a very good Spanish one
on the name of Marie de la Tour, Duchesse de la Tremouille, who was
sister to the Duke de Bouillon and to Marshal Turenne :

Maria de la Torre, Amor de la Tierra. This appears to have well
accorded with the lady's character and amiable qualities, for she was
the delight of, at least, all the world that knew her.

In "Francisco de la Torre y Sebil, Luzes de la Aurora dias del Sol,"
4to, there is the longest anagram I have ever seen. It is in Spanish,
and on the Marques de Astorga, 'with all his titles, etc.,
anagrammatized into eight lines of about one hundred and forty
letters.

The French, who have always been attached to epigrams, were not
behindhand in the composition of anagrams; their labours in this
department would fill volumes; and in the reign of Louis XIII. an
office was established of the same class as that of the Poet Laureate,
a salaried Anagrammatist; and Thomas Billon enjoyed this appointment
with a salary of 1,200 livres, being the first, and I believe the
last, who held the office.

In the " Dictionnaire de la Conversation," Calvin is honoured as the
inventor of anagrams in France.

Jean Daurat (or Dorat), poet to Charles IX., and Preceptor to the
King's Pages in the reign of Henry II., was very skilful in the making
of anagrams, and brought them so much into vogue that every one
straightway set to work at their composition, and specimens are
numerous in some of the French poets of the time; also in the works of
Rabelais it is said that many anagrams are to be found.

Anagrams have been compared by the French, to gems, and, when cast
into a distich, to gems enchased in enamelled gold.

The House of Lorraine took for their arms, an alerion (a small eagle,
with neither beak nor claws), from the word alerion being a
transposition of Lorraine.

The following is a good specimen of the skill

of Daurat, to whom many of the nobility, and the

Court of Charles IX., gave their names to be

anagrammatised. It is on Pierre de Ronsard, a

poet, born in Vendomois on the 11th September,

1526, the year that Francis I. was taken prisoner

before Pavia:

Pierre de Ronsard,

Rose de Pindar.

Scioppius had the malignity to change Scaliger into Sacrilege.

In a former page is noted the anagram on Henry IV., within whose name
is found that of his murderer Ravillac. The assassin of Henry III. has
also had his name anagrammatised: Frere Jacques Clement, C'est Venfer
qui m'a crée.

And again in the following quatrain :

Qui est ce mal ni,

Non saint, mais damné ;

Tu le vas nommant,

C'est Jacques Climent. Tallemant des Péaux relates an anecdote on a
punning anagram, made by Henry IV. :—"Un Monsieur de Vienne, qui
s'appelait Jean, était bien empêché à faire sa propre anagramme : le
roi le trouva par hasard à cette occupation : ' Hé ! lui dit-il, il
n'y a rien plus aisé : Jean de Vienne, devienne Jean.' "

The following, on the beautiful mistress of Charles IX., is said to
have been also made by

Henry IV. :

Marie Touehet,
Je charme tout.

After the assassination of the latter monarch, of which crime the
Jesuits were accused, Père Coton published a letter declaratory of the
doctrines of the Order, which called forth an answer entitled — " Ànti-
Coton, ou Réfutation de la Lettre déclaratoire du P. Coton; livre où
il est prouvé que les Jésuites sont coupables, et auteurs du parricide
exécrable commis en la personne du roi très-chrétien Henri IV.,
d'heureuse mémoire." 1610, 8vo. ; in which pamphlet Coton's name is
thus cruelly anagrammatised :

Pierre Coton, Perce ton Roi. The Jesuits suspecting Pierre Dumoulin to
be the author of this attack, responded by another: Petrus Dumoulin,
JErit Mundi lupus. Dumoulin utterly denied the authorship of the work,
and it was attributed to P. du Coignet, and also to Cesar de Plaix,
advocate at Orleans; but, as the Jesuits were unable to discover the
true author, they were fain to content themselves with being
scurrilous, and the initials " P. D. C," which were signed to " L'Anti-
Coton," were made to represent—Pdti de Chenilles; Pernicieux Diable
Calomniateur; Punaise de Calvin, etc.

Here are three anagrams upon two French Chancellors: .

Frangois Michel Letellier du Louvoys,
II est le chemin du soleil, la force du roy.
Louis de Boucherat succeeded Letellier as
Keeper of the Seals in 1685:

Louis de Boucherat,
Est la Bouche du Roy.

Le beau chois du Roy.
On the celebrated Jesuit, Claude Menestrier:
Claude Menetrier,
Miracle de Nature.

Who answered deprecatingly :

Je ne prends pas pour un oracle,
Ce que mon nom vous a fait prononcer ;
Puisque pour en faire un miracle
Il a fallu le renverser.

Louis XIII. was a great follower of the chase,

and has been complimented upon his skill in

falconry thus :

Louis XIII., Roi de France et de Navarre,

Roi très-rare, estimi dieu de la fauconnerie.

On Louis-le-Grand :
Louis Quatorziesme, Roi de France et de Navarre.
Va, Dieu confondra l'armie qui ozera te risister.

On the wife of that very Christian King ! ! !
Marie-Therèse d'Autriche,
Mariie au Roi très-chritien.

One of the prophecies of Nostradamus was interpreted by means of an
anagram, which happened in this wise. In the reign of Louis XIV., when
the French had taken the City of Arras from the Spaniards, it was
remembered that Nostradamus had written :

" Les anciens crapauds prendront Sara." The construction that was put
upon this line is very far-fetched. Sara is Aras backwards, which is
as near as a mysterious prophet would be likely to point out a name to
the commonalty. The toads represent the French, whose arms had
formerly borne three of those reptiles, in place of the more
celebrated "fleurs de lis;" and it is from this arose the title of
Johnny Crapaud as a sobriquet for the French nation.

The following anagram on the election of Bonaparte was made by one
Henriot, described in the Gentleman's Magazine as " an ingenious
anagram matist:"

Napoleon Bonaparte, sera-t-il consul a vie ?

Le peuple bon reconnoissant votera oui.

"When he became Emperor his name and title were again transformed:

Napoleon, Empereur des Francais,
Vn pape serf a saoré le noir dhwn.

On Versailles:

Versailles,
Ville seras.

Pilatre du Rosier, the aeronaut, was killed on the 15th of June, 1785,
from his balloon catching fire, and his consequent fall from a great
height. In the following anagram p. is supposed to stand for premier:

Pilastre du Rosier,
Tu es p. roi de Fair.

There is an admirable anagram upon the French Revolution, which is
doubly significant. If we take the letters of the word veto (which was
the precursor of the revolution) from La Revolution Francaise, we
shall find that the remaining letters, when transposed, will form the
sentence Tin corse lafinira.

The enemies of the Holy Alliance found:
La Sainte Alliance,
La Sainte Canaille.

It is related of a French poet who was deeply in love, that he sent to
his mistress, whose name was Magdelaine, three dozen anagrams made in
one day on her single name.

One of the most curious instances of anagrammatic fatalism is related
of Andre Pujom, a Frenchman of the seventeenth century, who found that
the anagram of his name was pendu H Riom. In passing through that
town, he picked a quarrel, killed his man, and was actually hanged at
that place, which is the seat of criminal justice in the Province of
Auvergne. Peignot, however, who relates the tale, concludes with the
remark " Cela n'est pas tres averé.''

On Mary Magdalen was made this very incorrect anagram:

Marie Madclaine,
Mauvaise haleine.

It may here be noted that Pierre de Saint-Louis, a Carmelite monk, in
" La Magdelaine au désert de la Sainte-Baume en Provence, poème
spirituel et chrétien, en xii. livres," has anagrammatised the names
of all the Popes, of the German Emperors, of the Kings of Prance, of
the Generals of his Order, and of many other saints. lie must have
been an enthusiastic follower of the art.

To the Abbé de Catelan is due the attempt to raise anagrammatism from
an art to an exact science, but I believe no one has followed in his
steps. In the Journal des Savans for 1680 is the following notice of
his mathematical anagram :

" Tout l'artifice de cette ingenieuse anagramme qui se fait par les
régies de Mathématique consiste à mettre en la place des huit lettres
qui composent l'auguste nom de Louis XIV., les huit nombres qui
marquent le rang qu'elles tiennent dans l'alphabet, et de les combiner
ensuite ensemble par l'addition et la soustraction, observant de faire
toujours les mêmes opérations sur les nombres également ou
reciproquement éloignés les uns des autres, comme il est marqué ici
par les chiffres Romains L, IL, III., IV., qui rendent la chose plus
sensible que ne feroit un long discours.

Personne ne s'étoit encore avisé jusqu'ici de confirmer par des
démonstrations mathématiques cette verité dont la Prance et toute
l'Europe ont des preuves si éclatantes." ! ! !

Lately, a very curious trick was played upon the French Government in
the form of an anagram. The publication and sale of the Comte de
Montalembert's pamphlet, "UnDebat sur l'Inde," was strictly
prohibited, but an immense number of copies were sold at Paris merely
by a reversal of the letters on the title, as " Edni L Rus Tabed nu,
par Ed. Trebmelatnom," before the police became aware of it.

(Serman.

The Germans have not been so much addicted to anagram-making as their
neighbours, but they have at least one that is excellent, which may
thus be described:—At the general peace of 1814 a portion of Saxony
fell to the share of Prussia, and the king, to celebrate this addition
to his dominions, issued a new coinage of rix-dollars, with the name "
Reichstahler" impressed upon them; these circulate in the Prussian
part of Saxony, and the Saxons, by dividing the word, make the
sentence ein Reich stahl er (he stole a kingdom).

In the " Conversations-Lexicon," under the word anagram, a French one
is given, and the following transpositions are instanced : Nobel,
Leben. Sarg, Gras.

A German named Frenzelius prided himself on perpetuating the name of
every person of eminence who died, by an anagram. It is said that he
worked them out with difficulty and great bodily pain.

Having passed through the principal languages of Europe, we now come
to our own, in which anagrams are very numerous, and some of them
extremely appropriate in their application.

Sir Thomas Wiat had very little difficulty in finding his character in
his surname thus—a wit.

Taylor, the Water-poet, was a prolific anagrammatist; and some
specimens from "All the Workes of John Taylor, the Water-poet" (folio,
London, 1630), will not, I think, be uninteresting.

On the back of the printed title are the following, on the names of
those to whom the book is dedicated:

To the Bight Honourable the Lord Marquesse

Hamilton, Master of the Horse to his Majestie.

James Hamilton.

Anagramma,
I amm all honesty.

Of words, 'tis vaine to use a multitude,
Tour very name all goodneBse doth include.

To the Right Honourable the Lord Steward of

his Hajestie's Honourable Household.

William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.

Anagramma,

Liberaly meelce, for repute honourable.

What can be more than is explained here,

T' expresse a worthy well deserving Peere ?

To the Right Honourable the Lord Chamberlaine

of his Majestie's Household.

Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery.

Anagramma,
Firme faith begot all my proper honer.
Firme faith begot mine honor (sayes my name),
And my firme faith shall ever keepe the same.

At p. 22, in " The Life and Death of the Virgin Mary" are these lines,
which, making allowance for the orthography of Iskarriott, are very
appropriate and good :

I doe not heere impute this deede of shame
On Judas, because Judas was his name:
For of that name there have been men of might
Who the great battels of the Lord did fight,
And others more. But sure this impure blot
Stickes to him, as he's named Iskarriott;
For in an anagram Iskarriott is,
By letters transposition, Traitor kis.

Iskarriott,
Anagramma,

Traitor kis.
Esse, Traytor, kisse, with an intent to kill,
And cry all haile! when thou dost meane all ill;
And for thy fault no more shall Judas be
A name of treason and false infamie,
But all that fault I 'le on Iskarriott throw,
Because the anagram explaines it so.
Iskarriott for a bribe, and with a kisse,
Betraied his master, the blest King of Blisse."
[graphic]

At p. 24 is a double anagram upon Sir Thomas Richardson, Lord Chief
Justice of the Court of Common Pleas.

At p. 99:

But what's a vagabond and a runagate ?
True anagrammatiz'd I will relate:

Runagate.

Anagram,

A graunte.

Vagabonde.

Anagram,

Gave a bond.
And many well-borne gallants, mad and fond,
Have with a graunt so often gave a bond,
And wrap'd their 'states so in a parchment skin,
They vagabonds and runagates have bin."

At page 32 of the second pagination is a double anagram upon Adryan
Gilbert. At page 96 he speaks of " hungry and needy anagrammongers."
Page 114, in a note to an address to Master Richard Hatton, he says: "
This gentleman was pleased anagrammatically to call me Water Rat, or
Water Art, which I do anagrammatize Water Bat to be a true art.

In a "poem on the " Vertue of a Jayle, and Necessitie of Hanging," he
says :

And I do find the name of Prisone frames
Significant, alluding anagrams.

As thus :

1. Prisone. 2. Prisone. 3. Prisone.

Anagramma, Anagramma, Anagramma,

Nip sore. In ropes. In prose.

To all good verses, prisons are great foes,
And many poets they keep fast In Prose.

4. Prisone. 5. Jayles, 6. Bondage.

Anagramma, Anagramma, Anagramma,

No prise. I slaye. Bandoge.

And Bondage like a Bandogge still doth gnaw,
Fang"d with the tuskes of the byting law.

7. Jayler. 8. Aresting. Or: 9. Aresting.

Anagramma, Anagramma, Anagramma,

I rayle. A stinger. In grates.

This very word includes poor prisoners' fates,
Aresting briefly claps 'em up In grates.

10. Serieant. Or: 11. Serieant. 12. Wardes.

Anagramma, Anagramme, Anagramma.

In areste. In teares. Drawes.

A prisoner's purse is like a nurse—for why ?
His ward or lodging drawes it dry.

A jury here of anagrams you see,
Of Serieants and of Jailes empanneled be;
And now my pen intends to walke a station,
And talke of prisons in some other fashion.

P. 142, in "Taylor's Kevenge," an unfortunate enemy of his comes off
badly: William Fennor. Anagramma, Nu villany for me ;

or, Forme nu villany. At p. 249 are anagrams on James I. and Prince

Charles:

James Stuart,

Muses tari at.
Great Soveraigne, as thy sacred Royall brest
Is by the Muses whole and sole possest:
So do I know, Rich, Precious, Peerelesse Jem,
In writing unto thee, I write to them.
The Muses tarry at thy name: why so ?
Because they have no further for to goe.

To the High and Mighty Prince,
Charles Stuart.
Anagramma,
Calls true hearts.
Brave Prince, thy name, thy fame, thy selfe, and all,
With love and service all true hearts doth call:
So royally include with princely parts,
Thy reall vertues alwaies calls true hearts.

Pp. 253-257 :

To the Right Honourable Lord William,

Earle of Pembroke.

William Herbert.

Anagramma,

My heart will beare.

For none but honor'd thoughts thy heart wil beare.

To the Right Honourable John, Lord Viscount
Haddington, Earl of Holderness:
John Ramsey.
Anagramma,
I ayme honors.
Thrice worthy lord, whose vertues do proclaime,
How honor's noble marke is still thy ayme,
T' attaine the which, thou hold'st thy hand so steady,
That thy deserts have wonne the prize already.

And again on the same nobleman, at p. 343 :
John Ramseye.

Anagramma,

Holler's I ayme.

My honer's aye.

To Honourable Knight,

Sir Thomas Bludder.

Anagramma,

Arm!A thus bold.

To the Right Honourable the Earle of Anglesey.

Christopher Villiers.

Anagramma,

Christ is our helper.

To the Right Honourable the Earle of Manchester.

Henry Montague.

Anagramma,

Goterneth many.

To my approved good friend,

Mr. Robert Branthwayte.

Anagramma,
Ton beare a heart true bent.
[graphic]

To Mistresse Rose,
Anagramma,
Sore.
Sound Rose, though sore thy anagram doth meane,
Mistake it not, it meanes not sore uncleane;
But it alludes unto the lofty skie,
To which thy vertue shall both sore and flie.

To my approved good friend,
Mr. Robarte Cuddner.

Anagramma,
Record and be true.

P. 321, on Charles I. and his Queene:
Stewarte.
Charles Marie

Anagramma,
Christ arme us ever at al.

Though feinds and men to hurt us should endever,
(Against their force) at al, Christ arme us ever.

P. 327:

Charles Howard, Earle of Nottinghame.

Anagramma, 0 Heaven cals, and hath true glorie for me. Prefixed to a
funeral elegy.

P. 333, in memory of "Lewis Steward, Duke

of Richmond and Linox," etc.:

Lewis Steward.

Anagram,

Virtu is well eas'd.

This appears to be a rather doubtful compliment.

In Taylor's "Pastoral" is the following ingenious and pleasing
conceit:

" A.E.I.O.U., two anagrams of the five vowels: " the one serves for
the glorious name of God, " and the other in the Spanish tongue is a
sheepe, " which name the prophet Esay doth figuratively " or
mystically call our Creator Jeova or Jehovah ; " Oveia is a sheepe.

" Wherein may be perceived, that there is no " word, name, or action
in or under Heaven, but " hath one or more of the five vowels; and
that " no word or name hath them all without other " letters but Jeova
and Oveia. Which doth " admonish us in the feare and reverence of the
" Almightie, because in all our thoughts, words, " and actions some
part of his wonderful name is " infinitely included. And withall that
Oveia, "or a sheepe, is a most significant emblem or " signe of our
God and Saviour's innocence and " patient sufferings."

Then follows a poem in which is the following acrostic :

" A Almightie, All in All, and everywhere, " E Eternall, in whom
change cannot appeare; " I Immortall, who made all things mortall
else ; " 0 Omnipotent, whose power all power excels; " U United, Three
in One, and One in Three, " Jeova, unto whom all glory bee."

Further on we have :

The Lambe of God, which freed this world from sin.

T , ( Blame,

Lambe anagram s j T> '

The anagrams of Lambe is Blame and Balme,
And Christ the Lambe is Blame and Balme.

" An Englishman's Love to Bohemia," is dedicated to "Sir Andrew Gray,
Knight, Colonell of the Forces of Great Britaine in this noble
Bohemian preparation," on whom we have: Sir Andrew Graie.

Anagramma,
I garde in warres.

In the " Peace of France," the author transpbses his own name ; it is
said to be " written by him whose name anagrammatised is Loyal in
Mart."

An enemy of Taylor's published a severe satire upon him in 4to., 1641,
in which we find this unkind anagram:—" Oh! how may I call him and
recall him to view, his anagram justly drawne from his owne name:

" John Talour the poet,
Art thou in Hel, 0 poet ?

This is an easy and convenient style, by which one or more of the
words are left untransposed; as also in the following specimen by the
Rev. Thomas Shephard on the Rev. John Wilson, from

the " Magnalia Christi Americana:"

John Wilson, anagr. John Wilson.
0, change it not! no sweeter name or thing
Throughout the world within our ears shall ring.

Also this, made by a lover on his mistress's name, 'which was Anna
Grame. He sat down to anagrammatise it, but instead he wrote :

What needs an anagrame,

Since that her very name is Anna Or ante.

On James I. Dr. Walter Gwyn (who is said to have collected a large
number of anagrams) made : Charles James Stuart, Claims Arthur's seat.
This was discovered before James succeeded to the English crown, and
was a prophecy, if we are to understand Arthur's seat as the throne
upon which once sat the imaginary King Arthur; but it is more in
unison with common sense if we take it to be an allusion to the fine
mountain outside Edinburgh.

" Silver-tongued" Sylvester* discovered in the name of the same king
the following: James Stuart, A just master. Sir Symonds D'Ewes in his
account of Carr, Earl of Somerset, and his wife, notices two ana

* In the Dedication to his translation of Du Bartas.

grams on them and the murder they committed, which he much commends,
saying that they were " not unworthie to be owned by the rarest witts
of the age." For this observation, Kippis in his " Biographia
Britannica," is very severe upon the poor knight, saying: /' That Sir
Symonds D'Ewes' judgment and taste with regard to wit were as
contemptible as can well be imagined, will be evident from the
following passage." .... This language on the part of Dr. Eippis will
be resented by all who can feel any pleasure from a good anagram.
These are the anagrams that Sir Symonds admired:

Frances Howard.

Car finds a

Thomas Overbury,

0 ! 0 ! base murthyr. A different reading of this last is given by
Kippis:

Thomas Overburie,

0, 0, a busie murther. A Mr. Tash, who is described as " an especial
man in this faculty," anagrammatised Lord Bacon's name, and, excepting
that there is an A too much, it is a favourable specimen of his
talent: Sir Francis Bacon, Lord Keeper, Is born and elect for a rich
speaker. We must now again notice our old friend Benlowes, on whom and
his shaped verses Butler is so severe. In the Dunciad, Book iii.,
verse 21, is the following line:

Benlowes, propitious still to blockheads, bows; to which is added this
note :

" A country gentleman, famous for his own bad poetry, and for
patronising bad poets, as may be seen from many Dedications of Quarles
and others to him. Some of these anagrammed his name Benlowes into
Benevolus, to verify which he spent his whole estate upon them. P."

In one of Fulke Greville's sonnets, there is a play upon his name, one
can hardly dignify with the name of anagram :

Let no man aske my name, •

Nor what else I should be;
For Grkv-Itt, paine, forlorn estate,
Doe best decipher me." *

Hugh Holland made four anagrams upon the name of John Williams, the
Welsh divine and statesman, a strenuous opponent of Archbishop Laud.
They are by no means correct. The fourth shows him to be a true
Welshman: Johannes "Williams.

1. Io sis lumen in aula.

2. My wall is on high.

3. My wall high Sion.

4. Wallis es in animo.

After Felton had assassinated the Duke of Buckingham, and before his
execution, his name was anagrammatised thus:

* Workes of Fulke, Lord Brooke, 8vo., London, 1633, p. 233. (Caslica,
Sonnet, 83.)

John Felton,

No; flie not. James Howell was a great admirer of anagrams, and made
this on Henrietta Maria: Once in a vocall forest I did sing, And made
the oke to stand for Charles my King, The best of trees, whereof (it
is no vant, The greatest schooles of Europe ring and chant); There you
shall find Dame Arhetine, Great Henrie's daughter and Great Britaine's
Queen, Her name engraven in a laurell tree, And so transmitted to
eternity.

(" Arhetine, i. e. vertuous, anagram of Henrieta."* Robert Bayfield, a
physician, has been celebrated by four anagrams, which are to be found
in his work, published in 1663—"Trjs 'larpm^s KdpTros; or, a Treatise
de Morborum Capitis Essentiis et Prognostics."

Robertus Baifield,
Bis dote laurifer,
Ab sudore fit liber.\
Robert Bayfield,
0 life bred by art,
Be {if tryed) labor.
0 life crowned with Bayes, since bred by art,
Wherein (if try*d) true labor bears chief part. R. P.

* " The Vote; or a Poem Boyall presented to his Maiestie for New-
Yeare's-Gift." 4to., London, 1642, p. 4.

t A few Latin anagrams will be found mixed up with the English, owing
to the difficulty of separating them from their context.

It is sometimes an advantage for anagrams to have couplets or epigrams
upon them, as they help to explain what would otherwise be quite
unintelligible.

We have now to add to our list of anagrammatists a lady, who was a
great believer in the efficacy of transpositions of names. She is
generally known as Lady Eleanor Davies, and was fifth daughter of Lord
George Audley, Earl of Castlehaven, by his wife Lucy, daughter of Sir
James Mervin, of Fonthill, Wilts. She was married twice: first to Sir
John Davies, AttorneyGeneral in Ireland to James I., by whom she had a
son and daughter; and, secondly, to Sir Archibald Douglas; but she
does not appear to have been happy with either husband, and the fault
was evidently her own, for she had unfortunately made herself believe
that she was a wonderful prophetess, and was continually printing
pamphlets containing a farrago of the most worthless nonsense. At the
end of one of these " Lady Eleanor, her Appeale to the High Court of
Parliament," 4to., 1641, is this anagram: Daniel, / end all. And
again, in " Strange and Wonderfull Prophesies by the Lady Eleanor
Audeley," 4to., 1649:

Reveale, ") (Eleanor J

0 Daniel, J na3T' i Audeley. $ And "Amend, Amend, God's Kingdome is at
Hand," 4to., 1642, commences " Anagrams, etc.: " Eleanor Audeley,
Reveale, 0 Daniel." This is her strong point, and she avails herself
of it by constantly repeating it. She became very offensive to the
Court, for, amongst other things, she coolly let Charles I. understand
that he was the beast of prophecy; she delivered some of her
prophecies to Archbishop Abbot with her own hand; but these
proceedings were not likely to be pleasing to either of her husbands,
and Sir John Davies appears once to have thrown her manuscripts into
the fire, whereat she is most indignant, and shows him his doom
written in his

name:

John Daves,

Jove's hand.

which was to imply that within three years from that date he would
die. At the expiration of that period she put on mourning, and it does
appear that he died rather suddenly. Lady Eleanor's second husband,
whom she married soon after, followed in the steps of the first, and
burnt her MSS., which was the wisest thing he could do, but she was
not to be cured. Proceediligs were taken against her in 1634; and, in
the official document, signed by Jo. Donaldson, Notary Public, she is
charged among other things with printing and publishing " Expositions
of divers parts of the chapters of the Prophet Daniel, some other
scandalous matter, by way of ANAGBAM or otherwise, against
Ecclesiastical ' persons and judges of eminent place,, and some
others, both derogatory to his Majesty and the State." She calls this
a blasphemous charge against her. In the following extract from the "
Cyprianus Anglicus," Heylin relates the proceedings against her, but
errs in speaking of the incorrectness of Lady Eleanor's anagram, for
she made it on her name of Audley, and not on that of Davies; this can
be allowed without detracting from the extremely clever anagram of
Master Lamb.

" And that the other sex might whet their " tongues upon him
[Archbishop Laud] also, the " Lady Davies, widow of Sir John Davies,
Attur" ney-General for King James in the Realm of Ire" land, scatters
a prophecy against him. This lady " had before spoken something
unluckily of the " Duke of Buckingham, importing that he should " not
live till the end of August, which raised her " to the repiitation of
a cunning woman amongst " the ignorant people; and now she prophecies
" of the new Archbishop that he should live but " few days after the
fifth of November, for which " and other prophesies of a more
mischievous " nature, she was after brought into the other " Court of
High Commission. The woman being " grown so mad, that she fancied the
spirit of the " Prophet Daniel to have been infused into her '' body;
and this she grounded on an anagram " which she made of her name—viz.,
Eleanor " Davies, Reveal, 0 Daniel—and though the ana" gram had too
much by an L, and too little by "an S, yet she found Daniel and Reveal
in it, " and that served her turn, iluch pains was " taken by the
Court to dispossess her of this " spirit, but all could not do, till
Lamb, then " Dean of the Arches, shot her through and " through with
an arrow borrowed from her own '' quiver: for, whilst the Bishop and
Divines '' were reasoning the point with her out of Holy " Scripture,
he took a pen into his hand, and at " last hit upon this excellent
anagram, viz.: " Dame Eleanor Davies—Never so mad a lady— " which
having proved true by the rules of art, " Madam, said he, I see you
build much on ana" grams, and I have found out one which I hope " will
fit you; this said, and reading it aloud, he " put it into her hands
in writing, which happy " fancy brought that grave Court into such a "
laughter, and the poor woman thereupon into " such a confusion, that
afterwards she grew " either wiser or was less regarded."*

Lady Eleanor survived this trial eighteen years, dying in the year
1652.

The following anagrams, and epigrams upon them, are taken from "Witt's
Recreations," republished in " Musarum Deliciae, etc.," 2 vols., 8vo.,
1807. Vol. 2, p. 277 :

Thomas Egerton,
Honors met age.
Honors met age, and seeking where to rest,
Agreed to lodge and harbour in thy brest!

On Captaine John Cameage,
Age came.
When perils I by land and sea had past,
Age came to summon me to death at last.

Christopher Lindall,

/ offer, lend Christ all.
That with this epigram thy deeds agree
They well know, that did ever well know thee.

John Bysden,

In honors dy.
Thy actions, friend, declare thy noble mind,
And to the world thy reall worth proclaime,
That fame herself cannot thy equall find,
To parallel thy glory and thy name.
On, onward still, from no good action fly,
Who lives like thee cann't but in honors dy.

* From P. Heylin's " Cyprianus Anglicus; or, History of the Life and
Death of William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury," folio, Dublin, 1719.
Part 2, p. 14.

On the same. I ne're will credit any powerfiill fate Can turn thy
glory to a waning state; Thou still wilt be thy self, therefore say I,
In honors thou shalt live, but never dy. Phineas Fletcher, Hath
Spencer life ? or, Spencer hath life. That Spencer liveth, none can
ignorant be That reads his works (Fletcher) or knoweth thee. Mrs.
Elizabeth Noell, Holiness be still my star. The safest conduct to the
port of blisse Lyes not in brittle honor, for by this AVe often loose
our way: to shun this bar To heaven, holiness be still my star. My lot
is blisse eternall. The world's a lottery, full of various chances,
Whereof each draws a share as fortune fancies; Among the rest, they
ayme at things supernall, I 've drawn, and find my lot is blisse
eternall.

I shall smite no ill brest. The common way to wound men's hearts I
shun, Nor with meere outside am I to be won; Virtue may move me, for
it crowns the best, But I shall smite no ill or lustfull brest.

My blisse on earth 's little. Honors are faire but fading flowers,
which give Delight to those that gather them, but live Not ever
flourishing; this truth I find Too truely in my selfe, by fate
assign'd ; For having all, I see that all's but brittle, And even at
best my blisse on earth's but little.

See my heart is still noble. Though fortune frowns, and fate suppres
my will, Yet see the lucke, my heart is noble still.

Domina Margarita Sandis,
Anne domi das Margaritas f
Why do wee seeke and saile abroad to find
Those pearls which do adorn the female kind ?
Within our seas there comes unto our hands
A matchlesse Margaryte among the Sands.

The following are by Henry Peacham, and from his " Compleat
Gentleman," 4to., 1634, p. 226:

" You shall have a taste of some of my ana't grams, such as they are :
" Upon the Prince:

Carolus,
0, elarus.
Charles, Prince of Wales,
All France cries, 0! help us.

" Of the Queene of Bohemia and Princesse Palatine of the Rhene, my
gracious lady: Elizabetha Stevarta, Sits Artes beata velit.

" Being requested by a noble and religious lady, who was sister to the
old Lord De la Ware, to try what her name would afford, it gave me

this:

Jane West,
E tua Jesu.

" And upon the name of a brave and beautifull lady, wife to Sir Robert
Mordaunt, sonne and heire to Sir Le Straunge Mordaunt, Knight and
Baronet, in the Countie of Norfolk:

Amie Mobdauni,

Tu more Dianam.

Turn ore Dianam.

Minerva domat.

Me induat amor.

Nuda, 0 te miram.

Vi tandem amor.

" Upon the name of a faire gentlewoman, in Italian:

Anna Dudlaeia,

E la nuda Diana.

" Upon a sweete and a modest young gentlewoman :

Maria Mentas,

Tu a me amaris.

" To comfort myselfe, living in a towne where I found not a scholler
to converse withall, nor the kindest respect as I thought, I gave this
my Posie, the same backward and forward: Subidura a rudibus.

" Of Master Doctor Hall, Deane of Worcester,

this, added to a body of a Glory, wherein was

written Jehovah in Hebrew, resembling the

Deitie:

Joseph Hall,

All his hope.

" Of a vertuous and faire gentlewoman, at the

request of my friend, who bare her good will:

Frances Barney,

Barrel in Fancy.

"And this:

Theodosia Dixon,

A Deo dixit honos; or, 0 Dea, dixit honos. " Of my good friend Master
Doctor Dowland, in regard he had slipt many opportunities in advancing
his fortunes, and a rare lutenist as any of our nation, besides one of
our greatest masters of musicke for composing: I gave him an embleme
with this:

Johannes Doulandus,
Annos ludendo hausi."

It is a very curious fact that anagrams have been used to publish the
virtues of persons on tombstones, and the following are from
Pettigrew's " Chronicles of the Tombs," 12mo., Bonn, 1857. Mr.
Pettigrew observes:—" Anagrams in epitaphial inscriptions are not
uncommon. They, it must be recollected, were formerly imagined to bear
a religious import, as if the character or the fortunes of the person
were providentially hidden in the name."

"At St. Andrews:

On Katharine Carstairs,
Casta, rara Christiana.

" At Newenham Church, Northampton : On William Thorneton, 0, little
worth in man. Behold, thou man, thy motto is my name; Thy motto shows
thy sin hath lost thy fame ; It is the map of the great world and
thee, Thou in the world sin's map of misery.

"At Keynsham:

On Mrs. Joane Flover:
Love for anie.

Anagrams were used by Dr. Johnson to hide the names of the principal
speakers of the British Parliament, in his so-called reports of their
proceedings, which he contributed to the " Gentleman's Magazine." In
the eighth volume of that periodical (1738), p. 699, is the following
advertisement :

" In a few days will be published,

" Proposals for printing by subscription,

" Anagrammata Rediviva;

"or,

" The art of composing and resolving Anagrams,

" compiled after fifty-seven years' study, labour,

" enquiry, and experience. By a Proffessor of

" Universal Learning, and a Descendant of the

" renown'd Cabalist Rabbi Levi Ben Iarchi.

" I have by me 9 large folio Manuscripts, alpha" betically digested on
this subject.

" As soon as the ingenious Mr. Gulliver " appeared in the '
Gentleman's Magazine,' I " immediately fell to work, and digested the
" names of the Clinabs, the Hurgoes, etc., there " mention'd into my
work, and by an infinite " labour found that there are many
descendants " of our English families in Lilliput."

At the end of the same volume the Proposal* are added, in which is the
following:

"It may be necessary to observe here, that " tho' the Anagrammatical
Sciences so highly " valued by the most learned nations, and so

[The following is an exact reprint from the seventh edition of
Camden's "Remains," 8vo., London, 1674.]

tHE only Quintessence that hitherto the Alchymy of wit could draw out
of names, is Anagrammatisme, or Metagrammatisme, which is a
dissolution of a name truly written into his Letters, as his Elements,
and a new connexion of it by artificial transposition, without
addition, substraction, or change of any Letter into different words,
making some perfect sence applyable to the person named.

The precise in this practice strictly observing all the parts of the
definition, are only bold with H either in omitting or retaining it,
for that it cannot challenge the right of a letter. But the Licentiats
somewhat licentiously, lest they should prejudice poetical liberty,
will pardon themselves for doubling or rejecting a letter, if the
sence fall aptly, and think it no injury to use E for JE; V for W; S
for Z, and C for K, and contrariwise.

The French exceedingly admire and celebrate this faculty for the deep
and far-fetched antiquity, the piked fines and the mystical
significations thereby, for that names are divine notes, and divine
notes do notifie future events; so that events consequently must lurk
in names, which only can be pryed into by this mystery. Affirming that
each man's fortune is written in his name, as Astrologians eay all
things are written in Heaven, if a man could read them; they
exemplifie out of the Rabbins, they quote dreaming Artemidorus with
other allegations; they urge particular experiments, and so enforce
the matter with strong words and weak proofs, that some credulous
young men, hovering between hope and fear, might easily be carried
away by them into the forbidden superstition of Onomantia, or South-
saying by names.

Some of the sowre sort will say it is nothing but a troublous joy, and
because they cannot attain to it, will condemn it, lest by commending
it they should discommend themselves. Others more mild will grant it
to be a dainty device and disport of wit not without pleasure, if it
be not wrested out of the name to the reproach of the person. And such
will not deny, but that as good names may be ominous, so also good
Anagrams, 'with a delightful comfort and pleasant motion in honest
minds, in no point yielding to any vain pleasures of the body. They
will also afford it some commendations in respect of the difficulty;
{Difficilia quce pulclira), as also that it is a whetstone of patience
to them that shall practice it. For some have been seen to bite their
pen, scratch their heads, bend their brows, bite their lips, beat the
board, tear their paper, when they were fair for somewhat, and caught
nothing herein.

If profound antiquity, or the inventor may commend an invention, this
will not give place to many. For as the great Masters of the Jews
testifie, Moses received of God a literal Law written by the finger of
God, in the two Tables of the ten Commandments, to be imparted to all,
and another Mystical to be communicated only to seventy men, which by
tradition they should pass to their posterity, whereof it was called
Cabala, which was divided into Mercana, concerning only the sacred
names of God, and Bresith of other names consisting of alphabetary
revolution, which they will have to be Anagrammatism; by which they
say Marie resolved made Our holy Mistress. But whether this Cabala is
more ancient than the Talmudkal Learning, hatched by the curious Jews
(as some will) about 200 years after Christ, let the learned consider.

The Greeks refer this invention to Lycophron (as Isaas Tzetzes hath it
in his preface to his obscure poem Cassandra), who was one of those
Poets which the Greeks called the seven stars, or Pleiades, and
flourished about the year 380 before Christ, in the time of Ptolemaus
Philadelphus King of Egypt, whose name he thus anagrammatized:

riTOAEMAIOS,
'Airb fifXtros, Made of ltony.
And upon Arsinoe his wife thus:

AP2INOH,
'Epos toy, Juno's violet.

Afterward as appeareth by Eustachius, there were
some Greeks disported themselves herein, as he
which turned Atlas for his heavy burthen in sup-
porting Heaven, to Talas, that is, wretched; Arete,
Vertue, into Erate, that is, lovely; Ilaros, merry,
into Liaros, that is, warm. But in late years,
when Learning revived under Francis the First
in France, the French began to distill their wits
herein, for there was made for him :
Francis de Valoys,
De Facon Stjis Royal.

For his son :

Henry de Valoys,

ItoYES DE NuLHAY.

For the Lord Chancellor, Lord Ellesmer:
Thomas Egerton,
Gestat Honobeh.
Oris honore viget, ut mentis gestat honorem,
Juris Egertonus, dignus honore coli.

For the late Lord Treasurer, a most prudent and honourable councellour
to two mighty Princes: Gulielmus Cecilius Baro Burglio,

VlGILI CTTM LABOEE ILLTJCES BEGIBUS.

Regibm illuces vigili Gulielme labore,
Nam dark fidget lux tua luce Dei.

For the Earl of Notingham, Lord Admiral:
Carolus Howard,

Chabtjs AEDTTO LEO.

For the Earl of Northumberland:
Henricus Percius,
Hie Pube Slncebus.

Upon which, with relation to the crescent, or
silver moon his cognisance, was framed this:
Percius, Hie Pube Sincebus, Percia Luna,
Candida lota micat, pallet at ilia polo.

This was made as a wish to the Earl of Shrewsbury that his name and
Talbot may be as terrible to the French, as it was when the French so
feared his progenitour John, Lord Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury of
that family:

Gilbertus Talbottius,

Gaixos TV TIBI TCRBES.

Ut proavi proavus sic Gallos It Tibi Tttrbes, Sic Galli timeant teque
tuumque canem.

This was by transposition anagrammatical, framed out of the name of
the Earl of Worcester :

JEdwardus Somerset,

MODERATES, SED VERtTS.

This out of the name of the Earl of Rutland:

Rogerus Maners,

Amor Resurgens.

Out of the name of the Earl of Cumberland, in respect of his sea
service then, alluding to his fiery Dragon, the crest of his family:

Georgius Clifordius Cumberlandius,

DoRIDIS REGNO CLARTJS, CTTM VI FOXGEBIS.

In Doridis regno clarus fulgebis, Sf undis,
Cum vi victor erit flammeus ille Draco.

Out of the name of the Earl of Sussex:
Robertus Ratclifius,

SlCUT RARTJS ELOREBIT.

Eor the Earl of Suthampton:

Senricus Wriothesleius,

Heroictts, L.&TUS, vi Virens.

For the Earl of Devon, Lord Montjoy:
C'arolus Blountus,

BojfTS, UT SOL CLAB.US.

Tu bonus ut sol clarus, nil clarius Mo C'alo te melior, Carole, nemo
solo. Out of the name of the late Earl of Salisbury, Vicount Cranborn,
and L. Cecil, whom as his honourable father, and the whole family I
cannot in duty name without honour, was made thus: Robertas Cecilius,

Tu OB.BI BELUCESCIS.

Sic Tu Sub Roee Cceli. With this Distich:

Orbe relucescis, ceeli sub rare vireseens ; Quern Deus irradiat
lumine, rore lavat. This transpose of the letters in the name of the
Lord Lumley, doth seem prophetically to promise many years unto that
worthy and good old

man :

Joannes Lumleius,

Annos Mille Ytves.

Out of the name of the late Lord Hunsdon,

Lord Chamberlain, and his creast the White

Swan, was this anagram, and this distich thereon

composed:

Oeorgius Carius Bknesdonius,

HUJUS IN SUOS CANDOR EGB.EGIUS.

Hunsdonii egregius resplendet pectore candor,
Ifujus ut in cygno nil nisi candor inest.

For the Lord Compton, in respect of his honourable parentage, and
generous spirit, comparable with the best:

Gulielmus Comptonius,
Illtus Genius Cum OPTIMO.

In single surnames there have been found out

for the late Earl of Essex, whose surname is

Ifeureux :

Vese Dux.

This also was cast into this Distich since he so valorously took Gades
now called Cales in Spain, as soon as he saw it, when it was accounted
so honorable to Hercules to have seen it once:

Vese Dux D'eureux, S. verior Hercule; Gades Nam semel hie vidit, vicit
at ille simul.

For the worthy and compleat Knight Sir Fulk Grevil, who excelleth in
stately Heroical verse, in Grevilius, Vergilius, in Vernon, Renown,
&c. But here it is time to stay, for some of the sowr sort begin to
laugh at these, when as yet they have no better insight in Anagrams
than wise Sieur Gaulard, who when he heard a gentleman report that he
was at a supper, where they had not only good company and good chear,
but also savoury Epigrams and fine Anagrams : he returning home, rated
and belowted his cook as an ignorant scullion that never dressed or
served up to him either Epigrams or Anagrams. And as for these sowr
surlings, they are to be commended to Sieur Gaulard, and he .with them
joyntly to their cooks, and kitchin-stuff.
------------------------------------------------------------
No. 3.
LOGOGKAMS.

As being intimately allied to the subject of Anagrams, I will add in
this Appendix a notice of a verbal game, which, if used as a literary'
relaxation, may be made to contribute much amusement, and to afford
food for ingenuity both in the planning and fabrication of the
anagrammatical puzzle, and in its subsequent unravelling and
discovery, among a circle of friends. The mode adopted is to fix on
some word—usually one with a sufficient number of vowels to allow of
considerable transposition—and to find out all the words which can be
formed from the whole, or from any portion, of its letters. Some
verses are then to be constructed, in which synonymic expressions for
these words must be used, and

the puzzle or game will consist in the discovery of these concealed
words, and through them of the principal or leading word in which all
of them are included. If the opposing party has sufficient talent, he
may throw his discovery of the words also into a poetic reply.