John Russell Pope
Art Neuendorffer
<<John Russell Pope (April 24, 1874 - August 27, 1937) was an
architect most known for his designs of the Jefferson Memorial
(completed in 1943) and the West Building of the National Gallery of
Art (completed in 1941) in Washington, DC. Pope was born in New York
in 1874, the son of a successful portrait painter. He studied
architecture at Columbia University and graduated in 1894. He received
a scholarship to attend the newly-founded American Academy in Rome, a
training ground for the designers of the "American Renaissance." Pope
travelled for two years through Italy and Greece, where he studied and
sketched and made measured drawings of more Romanesque, Gothic, and
Renaissance structures than he did of the remains of ancient
buildings. Pope was one of the first architectural students to master
the use of the large-format camera, with glass negatives. Pope
attended the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1896, honing his Beaux-
Arts style, returning to New York in 1900, to spend a few practical
years in the office of Bruce Price before opening a practice.
Throughout his career, Pope designed private houses (including for the
Vanderbilt family), and other public buildings besides the Jefferson
Memorial and the National Gallery, such as the massive *Masonic Temple
of the Scottish Rite* (1911 - 1915), also in Washington, and the
triumphal-arch Theodore Roosevelt Memorial at the American Museum of
Natural History in New York City. In 1919 he provided a master plan
for the future growth of *Yale University* , one that was
significantly revised by James Gamble Rogers in 1921 with more
sympathy for the requirements of the city of New Haven, Connecticut,
but which kept the Collegiate Gothic unifying theme offered by Pope.
Pope's original plan is a prime document in the City Beautiful
movement in city planning.
Pope's designs alternated between revivals of Gothic, Georgian,
eighteenth-century French, and classical styles. Pope designed the
Henry E. Huntington mausoleum on the grounds of the Huntington Library
and later used the design as a prototype for the Jefferson Memorial in
Washington, D.C. The Jefferson Memorial and the National Gallery of
Art were both neoclassical, modelled by Pope on the Roman Pantheon.
Less known projects by Pope include Union Station, Richmond, Virginia
(1919), with a central rotunda capped with a low saucer dome, now
housing the Science Museum of Virginia; Branch House (1917-1919), a
Tudor-style mansion also in Richmond that now houses the Virginia
Center for Architecture ; Baltimore Museum of Art; and in Washington,
D.C. the National City Christian Church, Constitution Hall, American
Pharmacists Association Building, and the National Archives Building.
In Milwaukee, Wisconsin he provided a severe neo-Georgian clubhouse
for the University Club (1926). He designed additions to the Tate
Gallery and British Museum in London, an unusual honor for an American
architect, and the War Memorial at Montfaucon, France. Pope was also
responsible for extensive alterations to Belcourt, the Newport
residence of Oliver and Alva Belmont.>>
Art Neuendorffer
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> From Wikipedia
>
> <<John Russell Pope(April 24, 1874 - August 27, 1937) was an
> architect most known for his designs of the Jefferson Memorial
> (completed in 1943) and the West Building of the National Gallery of
> in 1874, the son of a successful portrait painter. He studied
> architecture at Columbia University and graduated in 1894. He received
> a scholarship to attend the newly-founded American Academy in Rome, a
> training ground for the designers of the "American Renaissance."Pope
> travelled for two years through Italy and Greece, where he studied and
> sketched and made measured drawings of more Romanesque, Gothic, and
> Renaissance structures than he did of the remains of ancient
> the use of the large-format camera, with glass negatives.Pope
> attended the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1896, honing his Beaux-
> Arts style, returning to New York in 1900, to spend a few practical
> years in the office of Bruce Price before opening a practice.
>
> Vanderbilt family), and other public buildings besides the Jefferson
> Memorial and the National Gallery, such as the massive *Masonic Temple
> of the Scottish Rite* (1911 - 1915), also in Washington, and the
> triumphal-arch Theodore Roosevelt Memorial at the American Museum of
> Natural History in New York City. In 1919 he provided a master plan
> for the future growth of *Yale University* , one that was
> significantly revised by James Gamble Rogers in 1921 with more
> sympathy for the requirements of the city of New Haven, Connecticut,
> movement in city planning.
>
> Pope'sdesigns alternated between revivals of Gothic, Georgian,
> eighteenth-century French, and classical styles.Popedesigned the
> Henry E. Huntington mausoleum on the grounds of the Huntington Library
> and later used the design as a prototype for the Jefferson Memorial in
> Washington, D.C. The Jefferson Memorial and the National Gallery of
>
> Less known projects byPopeinclude Union Station, Richmond, Virginia
> (1919), with a central rotunda capped with a low saucer dome, now
> housing the Science Museum of Virginia; Branch House (1917-1919), a
> Tudor-style mansion also in Richmond that now houses the Virginia
> Center for Architecture ; Baltimore Museum of Art; and in Washington,
> D.C. the National City Christian Church, Constitution Hall, American
> Pharmacists Association Building, and the National Archives Building.
> In Milwaukee, Wisconsin he provided a severe neo-Georgian clubhouse
> for the University Club (1926). He designed additions to the Tate
> Gallery and British Museum in London, an unusual honor for an American
> responsible for extensive alterations to Belcourt, the Newport
> residence of Oliver and Alva Belmont.>>
http://i.pbase.com/g4/96/675696/2/62151229.TRyQC563.jpg
http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/58/25/22182558.jpg
The Interior of the Pantheon, showing 143' high rotunda,
painting by Giovanni Paolo Pannini, c. 1750.
(National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.):
http://www.sandrashaw.com/images/AH1L24Pan3.jpg
The Mercury fountain in located right in the center
(where The National Gallery of Art blue place mark points:
http://tinyurl.com/2ssmpe )
with Mercury facing south.
Note the 30º / 60º / 90º triangle!!
In Pope's Jefferson Memorial Tom Jefferson faces North
http://com.miami.edu/parks/images/memorial2.jpg
towards the White House & the Scottish Rite Temple.
(Jefferson would also be in a 30º / 60º / 90º triangle no
doubt if it weren't for the Tidal Basin being in the way.)
http://img387.imageshack.us/img387/8025/tri8io.jpg
http://www.theforbiddenknowledge.com/hardtruth/tripletau.gif
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http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/explore/large_img.jsp?workid=5167
According to Greek mythology, *HyLAS* was the beautiful son of King
Thiodomus. Herakles (Hercules), having killed the King, took *HyLAS*
as his servant and lover. They joined the Argonauts, led by Jason, in
their search for the Golden Fleece. When their ship was forced to make
for land, *HyLAS* went ashore to fetch water at a fountain. The nymphs
of the fountain (or naiads) thought him so beautiful that they pulled
him into the water so that he might always live with them. The
inscription in Greek which Gibson chiselled into the marble translates
as 'Beautiful *HyLAS*'.
John Gibson 1790-1866
*HyLAS* Surprised by the Naiades 1827-?36, exhibited 1837
Marble sculpture object: 1600 x 1194 x 718 mm
Presented by Robert Vernon 1847
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The History of Tate at Millbank
http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/building/history.htm
.
<<Tate Britain, situated on Millbank in London, was formerly known as
the Tate Gallery, which was specially commissioned in 1894 to be the
national gallery of British art, and opened to the public in 1897.
Having offered his art collection to the nation, Henry Tate later
offered a gallery to house it providing the government would donate a
site and undertake the administration. After much debate, Tate's offer
is accepted. The site of Millbank Penitentiary, a huge prison facing
the Thames at Millbank is chosen. The prison is demolished and three
acres of the site allocated to the new gallery. The first stage of the
building programme, consisting of the front façade, an entrance hall
under a rotunda and seven galleries, is designed by Sidney R J Smith.
It is completed and opened in 1897. In 1899 nine galleries - the
second stage - are added to the original building. Further additions
to the site are made in 1909, designed by W H Romaine Walker. The 1909
extension, developed to house the Turner Collection, is paid for by
the connoisseur Joseph Duveen. In 1917, Tate is given a new
responsibility - to form the national collection of international
modern art. New galleries for the modern international collection are
built by Sir Joseph Duveen's son, later Lord Duveen, and opened in
1926. In 1937 Lord Duveen builds the great central sculpture
galleries, designed by J Russell Pope and Romaine Walker. This
development introduces the domed octagon, intended to emphasise the
centre of the building and open up a central vista that continues the
axial route provided by the entrance.>>
*HyLAS* From Wikipedia
.
<<In Greek mythology, *HyLAS* (Greek: Ύλας) was the son of King
Theiodamas of the Dryopians. Other sources such as Ovid state that
*HyLAS* was a son of Heracles and the nymph Melite or by making love
to the wife of Theiodamus in an adulterous affair that caused the war.
He gained his beauty from his divine mother and his military prowess
from his demigod father. After Heracles killed Theiodamus in battle
for his son, *HyLAS*, he took the boy on as arms bearer, taught him
the ways of a warrior, and in time the two fell in love.
.
. Argonauts
.
Heracles took *HyLAS* with him on the Argo, making him one of the
Argonauts. *HyLAS* was kidnapped by the nymph of the spring of Pegae,
(Dryope), that fell in love with him in Mysia and vanished without a
trace (Apollonius Rhodios). Heracles was heartbroken. He along with
Polyphemus (not the cyclops Polyphemus) searched for a long time. The
ship set sail without them. They never found *HyLAS* because he had
fallen in love with the nymphs and remained "to share their power and
their love." (Gaius Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica)>>
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Art Neuendorffer