"Peter F." <
pet...@rey.myzen.co.uk> wrote in news:6344849e-14bb-4a29-
9c43-5f8...@googlegroups.com:
> Jim F. wrote:
>>
>> Peter F. wrote:
>> >
>> > When the Court needed a play for the visit of Virginio Orsini,
>> > Duke of Bracciano, to be performed on 6 January (Twelfth Night),
>> > 1600/1, the Lord Chamberlain's Men were unable to get a new
>> > one written in time. They therefore took an old play called
>> > *Love's Labour's Won*, changed the names of the characters and
>> > updated some of the dialogue. They also wanted a title having
>> > more relevance to the occasion, such as *Twelfth Night*. When
>> > the original author was asked for his opinion he said "You may
>> > call it *Twelfth Night*, or what you will", so they did.
>>
>> The above logic mars the intelligence of the author, Shakespeare
>> or Marlowe or anyone you like. It's even an insult to the guests.
>>
>> "Twelfth Night is the end of revelry, a hint on puritanism.
>> The play's title says: End your fun (be a puritan),
>> or do what you will." -- simple and plain.
>
> Well, Jim, the reason for the "What You Will" bit was mainly
> intended to be amusing, but the theory of it being the reworking
> of an earlier play isn't a bad one, and it provides a nice
> explanation for why "Love's Labour's Won" disappeared.
A problematic explanation, given that Manningham, the source for the
February 1602 performance of /Twelfth Night/, reported that the play was
'much like the *Commedy of Errores*, or *Menechmi* in Plautus, but most
like and neere to that in Italian called *Inganni*...' Since he was
familiar enough with the Shakespeare oeuvre to recognise Shakey's reuse
of the 'separated identical twins' motif from /The Comedy of Errors/ as
wells as tropes from the play /Gl'Inganni/ ('The Deceived Ones'), I find
it implausible that he would have watched a rehash of /Love's Labour's
Won/ under a new title and failed to mention it.
> It occurred to me as a possibility since (a) they were apparently
> given very little notice for the Twelfth Night play,
The first person to propose that /Twelfth Night/ was composed and
performed for the occasion of Orsini's visit was Leslie Hotson, but
there is no documentary evidence in support of that proposal. That the
play may have been new when Manningham saw it is suggested by the fact
that he wrote the letters 'Mid' and crossed them out before writing
'Twelue night, or What You Will': presumably he had momentarily confused
the title with 'Midsummer Night's Dream,' an unlikely mistake if
/Twelfth Night/ had been around for over a year already.
While it is true that the Lord Chamberlain's Men put on a play for a
group of spectators including Orsini on 6 January 1601 (modern style),
it seems just as plausible to me that Shakey wrote 'Twelfth Night' after
the event, and to some degree inspired by it. And there is no reason to
suppose that an original play was commissioned for the occasion: we know
from later records that old plays were often performed at court - the
first dated performance of /The Merchant of Venice/ was a court
performance on Shrove Tuesday of 1605, but the play was entered in the
Stationers' Register in 1598, and the Q1 title page (1600) states that
the play 'hath beene diuers times acted by the Lord Chamberlaine his
Seruants'. If the Chamberlain's Men had played /Love's Labour's Won/ for
the court in 1601, they wouldn't have needed to rename it.
> and (b) there is some stylometric support for it.
>
> If you look at Appendix VII of my "A Deception at Deptford"
> (at <
http://www2.prestel.co.uk/rey/appx8a.htm>) you will see a
> white square hovering on its own just to the right of 1600 and
> just above 30%. This is "Twelfth Night", and it shows that the
> *verse* of that play has a style (in respect of line-end flexi-
> ility) which had been the norm some four years earlier.
Does it? The dataset in Appendix IX gives a figure of 32.73% for
/Twelfth Night/: the play with the closest match, 31.02%, is /Richard
III/, which is conventionally dated c. 1592. True, the next closest
match, 35.79%, is /2 Henry IV/, conventionally dated c. 1597, but /Merry
Wives of Windsor/, also conventionally dated c. 1597, comes in at 42.5%.
Though the increasing percentage of run-on lines and 'feminine' endings
correlates reasonably closely with the speculated composition dates of
Shakey's 'later' plays (i.e., from /Henry V/ onward), it shows very
little correlation with the dates of the 'earlier' ones, and where
Marlowe's concerned it leads to the absurd conclusion that the last two
plays he composed under his own name were the two parts of /Tamburlaine/
- and if one posits that Marlowe wrote all the plays under
consideration, the next play he composed after the second part of
/Tamburlaine/ was apparently /A Midsummer Night's Dream/!
--
S.O.P.