Menus? Push vs Pull

[Everett Griffiths]

I'm new to Hugo, but I've done a lot of work with web apps and CMS's.  I noticed that Hugo seems to "push" pages onto a type of menu queue.  

Another way to accomplish this in other CMS's is to "pull" pages into a menu via a query-like functionality so that the "query" defines criteria which determine which pages are displayed.

Architecturally, I'm not sure which approach separates concerns better... in the pull/query approach, the templates ultimately define which links are displayed in a menu.  The pages themselves have no knowledge of if or where they are being displayed.

In the "push" model, the pages define which menu queue they should be displayed on, so it sort of sets up an expectation in the templates to implement a particular menu.

Does anyone have any thoughts on advantages/disadvantages to either approach?  Is there a way to implement a "pull" style query?