I have run into a similar problem with the 4.5.1.0 version it seems.
I have tried all browsers accessible to me as well.... Chrome Version 43.0.2357.81 m, IE 11, and Firefox v32.0.2.
No traffic is being captured any more. I've turned off Filters and I'm only capturing Web Browser traffic.
My troubleshooting information appears almost the same as the original poster. I do get 3 blank webpages under 'Alternate hostname test' on the troubleshooter.cgi web page though.
For IE 11, the LAN Settings are:
Our company recently switched to this 'Zscaler' solution (
http://www.zscaler.com/) for help with user activity on the internet. I'm guessing that might have something to do with Fiddler not working any more. However, a coworker is using v2.5.1.0 and doesn't seem to be having any problems.
Any ideas?