Iron Man Craft Game

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Designers and Architects rely on the use of ornamental iron work to enhance their projects and create a visually pleasing effect. Custom stairways and custom ornamental railings are the top choice by many to arrive at that unique design. Couturier Iron Craft specializes in manufacturing, design and installation of stair construction.

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Here we are at the last round up for Iron Craft. It has been a wonderful six year run! Since this was the last challenge we told the crafters to go ahead and make whatever they liked.Click on link ab...

Jan 05, 2017 4 Comments

With all the shopping going on this season we asked the Iron Crafters to make something using only things they already had. We only had a few crafters join in during this busy season, but one went ove...

Dec 23, 2016 No Comments

This Iron Craft challenge was about using things you already had in your stash. This was good timing for me because I needed to sewing up some items for my sister reusing an old duvet cover and cushio...

Dec 20, 2016 1 Comment

For this challenge the Iron Crafters were asked to create something that was shiny and/or bright. Shiny seemed like the popular way to go!Click on the name above any image to read more.Tawny B.Kat...

Dec 08, 2016 3 Comments

For this Iron Craft challenge we were asked to make something shiny and/or bright. Over Thanksgiving my mother-in-law, Kathee, and I were looking at projects you could do with used K-cups. One idea wa...

Dec 06, 2016 No Comments

It is starting to get that dark winter feeling here in Minnesota. For me, that is the time to bring out all the things that are shiny and bright around the house. Thus, our challenge theme. Create som...

Nov 23, 2016 No Comments

So, for this Iron Craft challenge we were to make something for the holidays. It could be a decoration or a gift. I did make two Christmas stockings for charity during that time, but I also decided to...

Nov 22, 2016 4 Comments

History

Bastar region of Chattisgarh is one of the richest areas in terms of iron ore deposits. Tribal, particularly Gond and Maria, specialized themselves in extracting iron from the

The raw material used for the Bastar Iron Craft is predominantly recycled iron scrap, taken from household or market. The main tools used are Dhukna Sar (furnace), Muthli (hammer), Chimtas (forceps), Sandasis (tongs) and Chenni (chisels). These tools are made locally by the lohars themselves. The process starts with scrap iron being repeatedly beaten when it is hot. It requires no casting and molding. The desired shape to this Iron Craft is given carefully by beating it at necessary spots. Then unnecessary portions are cut away and filed to remove sharp objects. On completion, a varnish coat is applied to enhance the luster. Both hollow and solid figures are made. For making a hollow figure, iron sheets are folded, cut and filed as per the need of the form. In a solid figure the main body parts are made first and then the detailing is done with the help of small chisels.

The Iron Craft that started from catering to farming, hunting, and ritualistic needs is now a beautiful work of art in demand. Wrought Iron Handicrafts include Deepak, which is made of many shallow bowls like lamps (Diya), bird and animal figures, small diamond-shaped leaf-like structures and vertical and horizontal rods. These deepaks are the specialty of the iron smiths in this area. These are available in the forms of Laman Diya (hanging diya) and Khut diya (stand diya). Many new forms like masks, iron hangers, innovative lamps, wrought iron wall hangings, and showpieces are also available.

Today iron is one of the most important metals in our daily life. The first iron objects resulting from smelting iron ores was dated to the 3rd millennium BC. Iron smelting was developed in Anatolia (Turkey) and spread fast across the Mediterranean. Initially iron was considered a valuable metal, but by the 13th century BC, it had evolved to a metal for daily use, in tools and weaponry.

Iron slag, the metallurgical waste product of smelting and smithing activities, are often found on sites dating already from the Neolithic. Studying slag over metal object has the advantage that the record of slag is more complete (slag are rusty lumps not worth plundering), destructive analysis can be performed (since no one really cares about slag, except a select group of archaeometallurgist) and corrosion has little effect on the texture of the slag. Slag are one of the most underestimated find on archaeological sites, often classify in boxes as production waste material and discarded for decades.

Three, potentially four smelting sites are identified in the Sagalassos territory: Bereket (dating inconclusive), Tekkeli Tepe (6th-7th century AD), Dereky (6th-7th century AD) and potentially Dzen Tepe (5th-2nd century BC). There are remarkable differences between the different sites in the use of raw material and the applied technology. At Bereket, a site 25 km SW of the administrative centre, a limonite ore in a chert matrix was exploitated for iron smelting. A clear ore dressing site, with chopped off chert, could be recognized. A slag heap of around 110 m is found next to the ore dressing site. The main type of slag found at this site are tap slag, indicating the use of tap slagging furnace. The slag (and ore) are characterized by elevated Cr-values. CaO is clearly used as a flux. The iron smelting process must have been very efficient, since no free iron oxides are present and the main mineralogical constituent is hedenbergite and tephroite.

At Tekkeli Tepe, iron slag are spread across a hill site. Magnetic images reveal the presence of two, maybe more, furnaces. A potential magnetite-spinel vein was exploitated at this site. The slag here are furnaced cooled slag, implying that the slag solidify at the bottom of the furnace. The slag are rich in Ti, V and Zr. CaO was clearly used as flux. The furnace efficiency is remarkable lower than that of Bereket. Euhedral magnetite, interpreted as unreacted magnetite ore, is the main constituent in the iron slag. Also other free iron oxides, such as wstite, are present in the slag. At Dereky, a similar slag type is recognized. Here, a magnetite-spinel placer deposit is the most likely candididate to be exploitated as iron ore. The slag are also rich in Ti, V and Zr and also here CaO was used as a flux. Also in the case of Dereky the furnace efficiency is lower than that of Bereket, though a slight improvement compared to Tekkeli Tepe could be noticed. Magnetite is still present as remnant of the ore, but it has clearly reacted since hopper-shapes are the dominant texture in the slag.

The reason for the efficiency difference between Bereket on the one hand and Tekkeli Tepe and Dereky on the other, is related to the used ore. Ti will elevate the smelting temperature, making it more difficult to tap. Moreover, magnetite is more difficult to reduce than limonite.

There are also some resemblances between the three sites. They are all three build on a hill site, probably exploiting the wind for their furnaces. The sites are also build in the proximities of their ores (least effort principle), away from the settlements. Finally, the applied furnace temperature falls in the same range of 900-1250C.

It is unclear whether Dzen Tepe is a smelting or smithing site. Primary and secondary smiting slag are identified on the site. The presence of a valuable iron ore source, namely a magnetite placer deposit, and the possible identification of an ore dressing site, suggest however that also smelting activities occurred at Dzen Tepe. This implies, in comparison to Bereket, Tekkeli Tepe and Dereky, that both smelting and smithing occurred within the city walls. The thermomechanical characteristics of the smithing slag indicate the use of a single, mechanically handled forging technique. This means that the smithed object is heated at constant temperature, after which it is hammered (mechanically deformed). This process is repeated over and over again and will result in a simple utility object.

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