Hi Jonas,
I'm not sure what would cause that behavior, but maybe it is an issue with how the PTX code is being translated for your GPU architecture? When you built the code for yourself, did you include compute capability 8.6? I'm not sure if that will work with CUDA 11.1.1, but you could try it and see if it fixes the issue, if you haven't done so already.
It would also be helpful for me if you could report the result of:
ctest --output-on-failure -R neighbor
for your HOOMD 2.9.6 build that gave the error. We can't do any fixes on HOOMD 2.x, but this will help identify any potential bugs in the underlying library used by the tree neighbor list (which is also used in HOOMD 3.x).
Regards,
Mike