"rinshou shiken" vs "chiken"
Julian Wayne
the terms 臨床試験 (rinshou shiken) and 治験 (chiken). It's basically saying
that a "chiken" is a particular type of "rinshou shiken" that is
performed specifically to get approval for a new drug. Would I be
right in thinking that we wouldn't really distinguish between these
two types of test in English, and would just use "clinical study" (or
"clinical trial" or whatever)?
On the subject of "rinshou", I just want to check that my memory isn't
playing tricks on me. I am pretty sure that, a few years ago, I came
across the term 臨床実験 (rinshou jikken) in a newspaper article about
some nuclear tests that had been conducted somewhere. I remember being
surprised to see the word "rinshou" used in this context, and had
thought that, like "clinical", it was generally used in medical
contexts. Has anybody else come across this usage?
Julian Wayne
ayako....@jcom.home.ne.jp
>
> I've come across a paragraph in a medical translation that uses both
> the terms 臨床試験 (rinshou shiken) and 治験 (chiken). It's basically saying
> that a "chiken" is a particular type of "rinshou shiken" that is
> performed specifically to get approval for a new drug. Would I be
> right in thinking that we wouldn't really distinguish between these
> two types of test in English, and would just use "clinical study" (or
> "clinical trial" or whatever)?
Yes, both can be "clinical trial/test/testing/study."
> On the subject of "rinshou", I just want to check that my memory isn't
> playing tricks on me. I am pretty sure that, a few years ago, I came
> across the term 臨床実験 (rinshou jikken) in a newspaper article about
> some nuclear tests that had been conducted somewhere. I remember being
> surprised to see the word "rinshou" used in this context, and had
> thought that, like "clinical", it was generally used in medical
> contexts. Has anybody else come across this usage?
>
> Julian Wayne
Wasn't it 臨界実験？
(Not "clinical" but "critical.")
♪ 佐藤綾子 ♪
Emily Shibata-Sato
ayako....@jcom.home.ne.jp
Julian Wayne
> Yes, both can be "clinical trial/test/testing/study."
For example, I wondered if using "drug trial" for "chiken" and
"clinical trial" for "rinshou shiken" might be a good way of
reflecting the distinction made in the Japanese, but a lot of
dictionaries give "rinshou shiken" as a translation of "drug trial".
If the terms are practically synonomous, I had better just stick to
one of them.
> Wasn't it 臨界実験？
> (Not "clinical" but "critical.")
Hang on a second...let me just wipe this egg off my face...there,
that's better! Yes, thanks for clearing that up. In fact, I think the
term was probably 未臨界核実験. I'd like to think that there was a typo in
the original article, but my dodgy memory is probably the real culprit!
Alan Siegrist
> > Wasn't it 臨界実験？
> > (Not "clinical" but "critical.")
>
> Hang on a second...let me just wipe this egg off my face...there,
> that's better! Yes, thanks for clearing that up. In fact, I think the
> term was probably 未臨界核実験.
That would be a "subcritical nuclear test."
Regards,
Alan Siegrist @ Tastes like chiken
Orinda, CA, USA
AlanFS...@Comcast.net
Shinya Suzuki
> I've come across a paragraph in a medical translation that uses both
> the terms 臨床試験 (rinshou shiken) and 治験 (chiken). It's basically saying
> that a "chiken" is a particular type of "rinshou shiken" that is
> performed specifically to get approval for a new drug.
Which is consistent with several webcites including this one.
http://www.chikennavi.net/faq/chiken.htm
「人（患者や健康な人）を対象とした治療を兼ねた試験」を「臨床試験」と呼
び、そのうち、「新薬開発」の為の「臨床試験」を「治験」と呼ぶのです。
・・・
治験は、英語では、クリニカルトライアル（Clinical Trial）と言います。似た
言葉に、クリニカルスタディ（Clinical Study）やクリニカルリサーチ
（Clinical Research）という単語があり、治験と混同する方も多いのですが、
本来これらは、それぞれ、臨床試験（Clinical Study）臨床研究（Clinical
Research）を指す言葉です。
The following parallel J/E documents from Japan's PMDA (Pharmaceuticals
and Medical Devices Agency), which is the equivalent of the US FDA, show
some deviations from the above rule. While 治験 is (almost?) always
translated as "clinical trial(s)," 臨床試験 is rendered as "clinical
trial(s)" or "clinical studies," presumably depending on the context.
J: http://www.pmda.go.jp/guide/hyougikai/18/h181003gijishidai/file/181003data-siryo4-2.pdf
E: http://www.pmda.go.jp/english/topics/pdf/clinical.pdf
> Would I be right in thinking that we wouldn't really distinguish
> between these two types of test in English, and would just use
> "clinical study" (or "clinical trial" or whatever)?
The FDA's explanation of a "clinical trial" is as follows:
http://www.fda.gov/cder/about/faq/#10
What is a clinical trial?
A clinical trial is a study conducted to evaluate a drug. Each study is
designed to answer scientific questions and find new and better ways to
help people. With any new drug there are benefits as well as possible
risks. There may also be some risks that are not yet known. Clinical
trials help us find out if promising new treatments are safe and
effective for patients. During a clinical trial, more and more
information is gained about a new drug, its risks, and how well it may
or may not work. You may be interested in or asked to enter a trial.
Learn as much as you can about the clinical trial before deciding. Only
patients that volunteer take part in a clinical trial.
I can't find glosses for clinical study/investigation/research from the
FDA site. This is from another site:
http://www.centerwatch.com/patient/glossary.html#C
Clinical Investigation
A systematic study designed to evaluate a product (drug, device, or
biologic) using human subjects, in the treatment, prevention, or
diagnosis of a disease or condition, as determined by the product's
benefits relative to its risks. Clinical investigations can only be
conducted with the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Clinical Research
Study of drug, biologic or device in human subjects with the intent to
discover potential beneficial effects and/or determine its safety and
efficacy. Also called clinical study and clinical investigation. Note
that in this manual, this term is used in its narrow sense as used by
the FDA. Thus, it does not encompass all the research that is carried
out in the clinical setting (e.g., health services research).
Clinical Trial
Any investigation in human subjects intended to determine the clinical
pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, and/or other pharmacodynamic effects
of an investigational agent, and/or to identify any adverse reactions to
an investigational agent to assess the agent's safety and efficacy.
<Unquote>
My tentative conclusion: 治験 = clinical trial, 臨床試験 = clinical
trial/study/investigation.
Shinya Suzuki
James Sparks
corroborate it, I'll add that one of my resources lists the following
glosses.
臨床試験 (治験) clinical trial
臨床治験 clinical trial
臨床試験 clinical trial
This is one of the hardest problem we translators face: deciding when
to ignore the use of synonyms in the source text.
Just as we might say "He earned his bachelor's degree in 1995 and
received his master's degree two years later," using "earned" and
"received" for the same meaning but with different words for stylistic
reasons, Japanese writers also do this, although they seem to do so less
often than English writers. While our natural instinct is to try to
find different words to match the words used in the source, sometimes
that just isn't feasible, and this may be one of those cases.
That said, if you really wanted to distinguish the terms, you could
probably do so with "trial" and "study."
James Sparks
Julian Wayne
be nice to distinguish between the two terms (since the Japanese seems
to be using them quite precisely) and so I will go with "clinical
trial" for 治験 and "clinical study" for 臨床試験.
Julian Wayne
Alan Siegrist
> I've come across a paragraph in a medical translation that uses both
> the terms 臨床試験 (rinshou shiken) and 治験 (chiken). It's basically
saying
> that a "chiken" is a particular type of "rinshou shiken" that is
> performed specifically to get approval for a new drug.
If you really must distinguish the two and preserve the distinction made in
the Japanese, then perhaps you could use "drug trial" or "new drug trial"
for 治験 and "clinical trial" for 臨床試験. Both "drug trial" and "clinical
trial" are commonly used in English.
There are of course clinical trials that do not involve new drugs to be
approved.
Regards,
Alan Siegrist
Orinda, CA, USA
AlanFS...@Comcast.net