[hltdi-l3] push by onlysk...@gmail.com - Draft for LGLP2014 paper on 2014-05-10 06:08 GMT

[hltd...@googlecode.com]

Revision: 02be390b014e
Branch: default
Author: Michael Gasser <gas...@cs.indiana.edu>
Date: Sat May 10 06:08:38 2014 UTC
Log: Draft for LGLP2014 paper
http://code.google.com/p/hltdi-l3/source/detail?r=02be390b014e

Added:
/paperdrafts/lglp/acl.bst
/paperdrafts/lglp/hltdi.bib
/paperdrafts/lglp/lglp14.pdf
/paperdrafts/lglp/lglp14.tex
/paperdrafts/lglp/mind.png

=======================================
--- /dev/null
+++ /paperdrafts/lglp/acl.bst Sat May 10 06:08:38 2014 UTC
@@ -0,0 +1,1322 @@
+
+% BibTeX `acl' style file for BibTeX version 0.99c, LaTeX version 2.09
+% This version was made by modifying `aaai-named' format based on the
master
+% file by Oren Patashnik (PATA...@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU)
+
+% Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
+% Modifications Copyright 1988, Peter F. Patel-Schneider
+% Further modifictions by Stuart Shieber, 1991, and Fernando Pereira, 1992.
+% Copying of this file is authorized only if either
+% (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
+% (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than
+% btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, and abbrv.bst.
+% This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical.
+
+% There are undoubtably bugs in this style. If you make bug fixes,
+% improvements, etc. please let me know. My e-mail address is:
+% pf...@spar.slb.com
+
+% Citation format: [author-last-name, year]
+% [author-last-name and author-last-name, year]
+% [author-last-name {\em et al.}, year]
+%
+% Reference list ordering: alphabetical by author or whatever passes
+% for author in the absence of one.
+%
+% This BibTeX style has support for short (year only) citations. This
+% is done by having the citations actually look like
+% \citename{name-info, }year
+% The LaTeX style has to have the following
+% \let\@internalcite\cite
+% \def\cite{\def\citename##1{##1}\@internalcite}
+% \def\shortcite{\def\citename##1{}\@internalcite}
+% \def\@biblabel#1{\def\citename##1{##1}[#1]\hfill}
+% which makes \shortcite the macro for short citations.
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Changes made by SMS for thesis style
+% no emphasis on "et al."
+% "Ph.D." includes periods (not "PhD")
+% moved year to immediately after author's name
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+ENTRY
+ { address
+ author
+ booktitle
+ chapter
+ edition
+ editor
+ howpublished
+ institution
+ journal
+ key
+ month
+ note
+ number
+ organization
+ pages
+ publisher
+ school
+ series
+ title
+ type
+ volume
+ year
+ }
+ {}
+ { label extra.label sort.label }
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block
}
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+}
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ mid.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+
+ "\bibitem[" write$
+ label write$
+ "]{" write$
+
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "{\em " swap$ * "}" * }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+
+ { s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "," * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { " et~al." * }
+ { " and " * t * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { ", editors" * }
+ { ", editor" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+
+ { title "t" change.case$ }
+
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year empty$
+ { month empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+ month
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { month empty$
+ { "" }
+ { month }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title emphasize
+}
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { " of " * series emphasize * }
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { "number" }
+ { "Number" }
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { " in " * series * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
+ { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
+ { "page" pages tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.year.label}
+{ year extra.label *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "(" number * ")" * *
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ { ":" * pages n.dashify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pages
+ { type empty$
+ { "chapter" }
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * format.pages * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { "In " booktitle emphasize * }
+ { "In " format.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+ and and and and and
+
+ key empty$ not and
+
+ { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { "Technical Report" }
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ key empty$
+ { journal empty$
+ { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+ warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { "In {\em " journal * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "In " key * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ editor num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ " et~al." * }
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { " et~al." * }
+ { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ "In "
+ }
+ { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
+ " of " *
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { "{\em " * series * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to
crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { "In {\em " booktitle * "\/}" * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "In " key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "In " format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ format.date output
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished address new.block.checkb
+ howpublished output
+ address output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ }
+ { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address output
+ format.edition output
+ format.date output
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ format.pages output
+ address empty$
+ { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
+ organization output
+ publisher output
+ format.date output
+ }
+ { address output.nonnull
+ format.date output
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ publisher output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { organization output.nonnull
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { address new.block.checka
+ address output
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization address new.block.checkb
+ organization output
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ format.edition output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ new.block
+ format.year.label output
+ new.block
+ title howpublished new.block.checkb
+ format.title output
+ howpublished new.block.checka
+ howpublished output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+ empty.misc.check
+}
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "{Ph.D.} thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
+ school "school" output.check
+ address output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ editor empty$
+ { organization output }
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ format.bvolume output
+ format.number.series output
+ address empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { publisher new.sentence.checka }
+ { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
+ organization output
+ }
+ if$
+ publisher output
+ format.date output
+ }
+ { address output.nonnull
+ format.date output
+ new.sentence
+ editor empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { organization output }
+ if$
+ publisher output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.year.label "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ note "note" output.check
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+MACRO {jan} {"January"}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"February"}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"March"}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"April"}
+
+MACRO {may} {"May"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"June"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"July"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"August"}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"September"}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"October"}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"November"}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"December"}
+
+MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+
+MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+
+MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+
+MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+
+MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+
+MACRO {ieeetcad}
+ {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+
+MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+
+MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+
+MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+
+MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+
+MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+
+MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+
+MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+
+MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+
+MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+
+MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+
+READ
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { et.al.char.used }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.et.al.char.used}
***The diff for this file has been truncated for email.***
=======================================
--- /dev/null
+++ /paperdrafts/lglp/hltdi.bib Sat May 10 06:08:38 2014 UTC
@@ -0,0 +1,2232 @@
+@string{AI = "Artificial Intelligence"}
+@string{AMACL = "Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational
+ Linguistics"}
+@string{ACCSS = "Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society"}
+@string{CogSci = "Cognitive Science"}
+@string{CL = "Computational Linguistics"}
+@string{JASA = "Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"}
+@string{ICASSP = "International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and
+ Signal Processing"}
+@string{IASSP = "IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal
+ Processing"}
+@string{PandP = "Perception and Psychophysics"}
+@string{JEP = "Journal of Experimental Psychology"}
+
+@BOOK{antworth,
+ AUTHOR = "Evan L. Antworth",
+ TITLE = "{PC-KIMMO}: a two-level processor for morphological
analysis",
+ PUBLISHER = "Summer Institute of Linguistics",
+ YEAR = "1990",
+ SERIES = "Occasional Publications of Academic Computing No. 16",
+ ADDRESS = "Dallas, TX",
+ NOTE = ""
+}
+
+@Article{amtrup:03,
+ author = {Jan Amtrup},
+ title = {Morphology in Machine Translation Systems: Efficient
+ Integration of Finite State Transducers and Feature
Structure Descriptions},
+ journal = {Machine Translation},
+ year = {2003},
+ volume = {18},
+ pages = {213--235},
+ OPTnote = {}
+}
+
+@Book{anbessa+hudson,
+ author = {Anbessa Teferra and Grover Hudson},
+ title = {Essentials of {A}mharic},
+ publisher = {R\"{u}diger K\"{o}ppe Verlag},
+ year = {2007},
+ address = {K\"{o}ln}
+}
+
+@Book{amsalu,
+ author = {Amsalu Aklilu},
+ title = {Amharic-English Dictionary},
+ publisher = {Kuraz Printing Press},
+ year = {1987},
+ address = {Addis Ababa},
+ annote = {}
+}
+
+@InProceedings{attia:06,
+ author = {Mohammed Attia},
+ title = {An Ambiguity-Controlled Morphological Analyzer for
+ {M}odern {S}tandard {A}rabic Modelling Finite State
Networks},
+ booktitle = {The Challenge of {A}rabic for NLP/MT Conference},
+ year = {2006},
+ OPTnote = {}
+}
+
+@Article{barreiroetal:11,
+ author = {Anabela Barreiro and Bernard Scott and Walter Kasper and
Bernd Kiefer},
+ title = {OpenLogos Machine Translation: Philosophy, Model,
+ Resources, and Customization},
+ journal = {Machine Translation},
+ year = {2011},
+ volume = {25},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {107--126},
+ OPTnote = {},
+}
+
+@InProceedings{becker,
+ author = "Joseph Becker",
+ title = "The Phrasal Lexicon",
+ booktitle = "Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing",
+ year = "1975",
+ editor = "Roger Schank and Bonnie Nash-Webber",
+ pages = "38--41",
+ organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics"
+}
+
+@InCollection{beckwith,
+ author = "Richard Beckwith and Christiane Fellbaum and Derek
+ Gross and George A. Miller",
+ title = "WordNet: A Lexical Database Organized on
+ Psycholinguistic Principles",
+ booktitle = "Lexical Acquisition: Using On-Line Resources to Build
+ a Lexicon",
+ publisher = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
+ year = "1991",
+ editor = "Uri Zernik",
+ pages = "",
+ address = "Hillsdale, NJ"
+}
+
+@Book{beesley+karttunen,
+ author = "Kenneth R.~Beesley and Lauri Karttunen",
+ title = "Finite State Morphology",
+ publisher = "CSLI Publications",
+ year = "2003",
+ address = "Stanford, CA, USA",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{bender:phonetics,
+ author = "M. Lionel Bender",
+ title = "Two Problems in {A}mharic Phonetics: the
+ Sixth Order Vowel and the Verb Suffixes",
+ journal = "Journal of Ethiopian Studies",
+ year = "1969",
+ volume = "7",
+ pages = "33--41",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Book{bender+hailu,
+ author = "M. Lionel Bender and Hailu Fulass",
+ title = "Amharic Verb Morphology",
+ publisher = "African Studies Center, Michigan State University",
+ year = "1978",
+ address = "East Lansing, MI",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Book{benderetal,
+ author = "M. Lionel Bender and J. Donald Bowen and Robert L. Cooper
+ and Charles A. Ferguson",
+ title = "Language in \uppercase{E}thiopia",
+ publisher = "Oxford University Press",
+ year = "1976",
+ address = "London",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@InCollection{bender+head+cowley,
+ author = "Marvin L. Bender and Sydney W. Head and Roger Cowley",
+ title = "The \uppercase{E}thiopian Writing System",
+ booktitle = "Language in \uppercase{E}thiopia",
+ editor = "M. L. Bender and J. D. Bowen and R. L. Cooper and C.
+ A. Ferguson",
+ pages = "120--129",
+ publisher = "Oxford University Press",
+ year = "1976",
+ address = "London",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{berko:58,
+ author = "Jean Berko",
+ title = "The Child's Learning of \uppercase{E}nglish Morphology",
+ journal = "Word",
+ year = "1958",
+ volume = "14",
+ pages = "150--177",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@InProceedings{bick:07,
+ author = {Eckhard Bick},
+ title = {Dan2eng: wide-coverage {D}anish-{E}nglish machine
translation},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of {M}achine {T}ranslation {S}ummit {XI}},
+ pages = {37--43},
+ year = {2007},
+ address = {Copenhagen},
+ OPTnote = {},
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{bird:90a,
+ AUTHOR = "Steven Bird and Ewan Klein",
+ TITLE = "Phonological Events",
+ JOURNAL = "Journal of Linguistics",
+ YEAR = "1990",
+ NUMBER = "26",
+ PAGES = "33-56"
+}
+
+@Misc{biniam:09,
+ author = {Biniam Gebremichael},
+ title = {Wordlist and spell checking for {A}mharic and {T}igrigna},
+ howpublished = {Available online at
http://www.cs.ru.nl/~biniam/geez/crawl.php},
+ year = {2009}
+}
+
+@InProceedings{bojar:04,
+ author = {Ond\v{r}ej Bojar},
+ title = {Problems of Inducing Large Coverage Constraint-Based
Dependency Grammar},
+ booktitle = {Constraint Solving and Language Processing, First
International Workshop, {CSLP} 2004},
+ pages = {90--103},
+ year = {2005},
+ editor = {H. Christiansen et al.},
+ address = {Berlin},
+ publisher = {Springer Verlag},
+ OPTnote = {},
+}
+
+@Article{bondetal:11,
+ author = {Francis Bond and Stephan Oepen and Eric Nichols and
+ Dan Flickinger and Erik Velldal and Petter
+ Haugereid},
+ title = {Deep Open-Source Machine Translation},
+ journal = {Machine Translation},
+ year = {2011},
+ volume = {25},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {87--105},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{browman:89b,
+ AUTHOR = "Browman, Catherine and Louis Goldstein",
+ TITLE = "Articulatory gestures as phonological units",
+ JOURNAL = "Phonology",
+ YEAR = "1989",
+ VOLUME = "6",
+ PAGES = "201--251"
+}
+
+@Article{brown:mt,
+ author = "Peter F. Brown and John Cocke and Stephen A. Della
+ Pietra and Vincent J. Della Pietra and Fredrick
+ Jelinek and John D. Lafferty and Robert L. Mercer and
+ Paul S. Roossin",
+ title = "A Statistical Approach to Machine Translation",
+ journal = "Computational Linguistics",
+ year = "1990",
+ volume = "16",
+ pages = "79--85",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{pbrown:94,
+ author = "Penelope Brown",
+ title = "The {IN}s and {ON}s of {T}zeltal Locative
+ Expressions: the Semantics of Static Descriptions of
+ Location",
+ journal = "Linguistics",
+ year = "1994",
+ volume = "32",
+ pages = "743--790",
+ annote = "spatial relations, Mayan languages, shape, frame of
+ reference"
+}
+
+@InCollection{brugman:83,
+ author = "Claudia Brugman",
+ title = "The Use of Body-Part Terms as Locatives in
+ \uppercase{C}halcatongo \uppercase{M}ixtec",
+ booktitle = "Survey of California and Other Indian Languages",
+ publisher = "University of California",
+ year = "1983",
+ volume = "4",
+ pages = "235--290",
+ address = "Berkeley, CA",
+ OPTannote = ""
+}
+
+@InCollection{buckley:00,
+ author = {Eugene Buckley},
+ title = {Alignment and Weight in the {T}igrinya verb stem},
+ booktitle = "Advances in {A}frican Linguistics",
+ editor = "Vicki Carstens and Frederick Parkinson",
+ pages = "165--176",
+ publisher = "Africa World Press",
+ year = "2000",
+ address = "Lawrenceville, NJ, USA",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Book{byrne,
+ author = {Jody Byrne},
+ title = {Technical Translation: Usability Strategies for
+ Translating Technical Documentation},
+ publisher = {Springer},
+ year = {2006},
+ address = {Dordrecht, the Netherlands},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@InCollection{chaffin,
+ author = "Roger Chaffin and Douglas J. Herrmann",
+ title = "The Nature of Semantic Relations: A Comparison of Two
+ Approaches",
+ booktitle = "Relational Models of the Lexicon: Representing
+ Knowledge in Semantic Networks",
+ publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
+ year = "1988",
+ editor = "Martha W. Evens",
+ pages = "289--334",
+ address = "Cambridge"
+}
+
+@Book{carpenter,
+ author = {Bob Carpenter},
+ title = {The Logic of Typed Feature Structures},
+ publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
+ year = {1992},
+ address = {Cambridge},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@Book{charniak:1993,
+ author = {Eugene Charniak},
+ title = {Statistical Language Learning},
+ publisher = {MIT Press},
+ year = {1993},
+ address = {Cambridge, MA},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@Book{chierchia,
+ author = "Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet",
+ title = "Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics",
+ publisher = "MIT Press",
+ year = "1990",
+ address = "Cambridge, MA"
+}
+
+@BOOK{chomsky:aspects,
+ AUTHOR = "Noam Chomsky",
+ TITLE = "Aspects of the Theory of Syntax",
+ PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
+ ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Mass.",
+ YEAR = "1965"
+}
+
+@BOOK{chomsky+halle,
+ AUTHOR = "Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle",
+ TITLE = "The Sound Pattern of \uppercase{E}nglish",
+ PUBLISHER = "Harper and Row",
+ ADDRESS = "New York",
+ YEAR = "1968"
+}
+
+@Article{church:statistics,
+ author = "Kenneth W. Church and Patrick Hanks",
+ title = "Word Association Norms: Mutual Information, and Lexicography",
+ journal = CL,
+ year = "1990",
+ volume = "16",
+ pages = "22--29"
+}
+
+@Book{churchward,
+ author = {C. Maxwell Churchward},
+ title = {Rotuman Grammar and Dictionary},
+ publisher = {Australasian Medical Publishing},
+ year = {1940},
+ address = {},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{clements:85a,
+ AUTHOR = "Clements, G. N.",
+ TITLE = "The geometry of phonological features",
+ JOURNAL = "Phonology Yearbook",
+ YEAR = "1985",
+ VOLUME = "2",
+ PAGES = "223-274"
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{clements:87a,
+ AUTHOR = "G. N. Clements",
+ TITLE = "Phonological feature representation and the
+ description of intrusive stops",
+ BOOKTITLE = "Papers from the 23th \uppercase{A}nnual
+ \uppercase{R}egional \uppercase{M}eeting of
+ the \uppercase{C}hicago \uppercase{L}inguistics
+ \uppercase{S}ociety \uppercase{P}art \uppercase{T}wo:
+ Parasession on autosegmental and metrical phonology",
+ YEAR = "1987",
+ EDITOR = "Anna Bosch, Barbara Need, and Eric Schiller",
+ ORGANIZATION = "Chicago Linguistics Society"
+}
+
+@InProceedings{cmejreketal:03,
+ author = {Martin \v{C}mejrek and Jan Cu\v{r}\'{i}n and
+ Ji\v{r}\'{i} Havelka},
+ title = {Czech-{E}nglish Dependency-Based Machine Translation},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the European
+ Chapter of the Association for Computational
Linguistics},
+ pages = {83--90},
+ year = {2003},
+ address = {Budapest},
+ annote = {}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{coleman:90a,
+ AUTHOR = "John Coleman",
+ TITLE = "Charm theory defines strange vowel sets",
+ JOURNAL = "Journal of Linguistics",
+ YEAR = "1990",
+ NUMBER = "26",
+ PAGES = "165--174"
+}
+
+@Article{cohensygal+wintner,
+ author = {Yael Cohen-Sygal and Shuly Wintner},
+ title = {Finite-state registered automata for non-concatenative
morphology},
+ journal = {Computational Linguistics},
+ year = {2006},
+ volume = {32},
+ pages = {49--82},
+ annote = {Semitic, finite state automata}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{coleman:90b,
+ AUTHOR = "John Coleman",
+ TITLE = "Vowel sets: a reply to \uppercase{K}aye",
+ JOURNAL = "Journal of Linguistics",
+ YEAR = "1990",
+ NUMBER = "26",
+ PAGES = "183--187"
+}
+
+@InCollection{cooper+zurif,
+ author = "W. E. Cooper and E. B. Zurif",
+ title = "Aphasia: Information-Processing in Language
+ Production and Reception",
+ BOOKTITLE = "Language Production, Volume 2: Development,
+ Writing, and Other Language Processes",
+ PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
+ YEAR = "1983",
+ EDITOR = "Brian Butterworth",
+ PAGES = "225--256",
+ ADDRESS = "London"
+}
+
+@Book{copestake,
+ author = {Ann Copestake},
+ title = {Implementing Typed Feature Structure Grammars},
+ publisher = {CSLI Publications},
+ year = {2002},
+ address = {Stanford, CA, USA},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@Article{dahlgren,
+ author = "Kathleen Dahlgren and Joyce McDowell and Stabler, Jr.,
+ Edward P.",
+ title = "Knowledge Representation for Commonsense Reasoning
+ with Text",
+ journal = CL,
+ year = "1989",
+ volume = "15",
+ pages = "149--170"
+}
+
+@article{dauer:83,
+ author = "R.M. Dauer",
+ title = "Stress-timing and syllable-timing reanalyzed",
+ journal = "Journal of Phonetics",
+ year = "1983",
+ volume = "11",
+ pages = "51--62"
+}
+
+@Article{cummins+port,
+ author = {Cummins, Fred and Port, Robert F.},
+ title = {Rhythmic constraints on stress timing in
+{E}nglish},
+ journal = {Journal of Phonetics},
+ year = 1998,
+ volume = 26,
+ pages = {145--171},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{davis:games,
+ AUTHOR = "Stuart Davis",
+ TITLE = "Language Games",
+ JOURNAL = "The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics",
+ YEAR = "to appear",
+ PUBLISHER = "Pergamon Press"
+}
+
+@PhdThesis{debusmann,
+ author = {Ralph Debusmann},
+ title = {Extensible Dependency Grammar: A Modular Grammar
+ Formalism Based On Multigraph Description},
+ school = {Universit\"{a}t des Saarlandes},
+ year = {2007},
+ annote = {}
+}
+
+@InProceedings{debusmannetal:04,
+ author = {Ralph Debusmann and Denys Duchier and Geert-Jan M.
Kruijff},
+ title = {Extensible Dependency Grammar: A New Methodology},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the COLING 2004 Workshop on Recent
Advances in Dependency Grammar},
+ year = {2004},
+ address = {Geneva/SUI},
+ keywords = {dependency grammar, methodology, modularity},
+}
+
+@Article{deleon:94,
+ author = {Lourdes de Le\'{o}n},
+ title = {Exploration in the Acquisition of Geocentric
+ Location by {T}zotzil Children},
+ journal = {Linguistics},
+ year = {1994},
+ volume = {32},
+ pages = {857--884},
+ annote = {space, Mayan languages, frames of reference,
+ egocentricity, Piaget}
+}
+
+@InProceedings{diaconescu:04,
+ author = {Stefan Diaconescu},
+ title = {Multiword Expression Translation Using Generative Dependency
Grammar},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of EsTAL},
+ pages = {},
+ year = {2004},
+ address = {Alicante, Spain},
+ annote = {}
+}
+
+@InCollection{dorr:91,
+ author = "Bonnie Dorr",
+ title = "Conceptual Basis of the Lexicon in Machine Translation",
+ booktitle = "Lexical Acquisition: Using On-Line Resources to Build
+ a Lexicon",
+ publisher = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
+ year = "1991",
+ editor = "Uri Zernik",
+ pages = "",
+ address = "Hillsdale, NJ"
+}
+
+@Article{dorr:94,
+ author = {Bonnie Dorr},
+ title = {Machine Translation Divergences: a Formal
+ Description and Proposed Solution},
+ journal = {Computational Linguistics},
+ year = {1994},
+ volume = {20},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {597--633},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@Article{dresher+kaye,
+ author = "B. Elan Dresher and Jonathan D. Kaye",
+ title = "A Computational Learning Model for Metrical Phonology",
+ journal = "Cognition",
+ year = "1990",
+ volume = "34",
+ pages = "137--195",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{dressler:94,
+ author = "Wolfgang U. Dressler",
+ title = "Evidence from the First Stages of Morphology
+ Acquisition for Linguistic Theory: Extragrammatic
+ Morphology and Diminutives",
+ journal = "Acta Linguistica Hafniensa",
+ year = "1994",
+ volume = "27",
+ pages = "91--108",
+ OPTannote = "Linguistic Studies in Honour of J\o rgen Rischel"
+}
+
+@InProceedings{dukesetal,
+ author = {Kais Dukes and Eric Atwell and Abdul-Baquee M. Sharaf},
+ title = {Syntactic Annotation Guidelines for the {Q}uranic {A}rabic
+ Treebank},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
Language
+ Resources and Evaluation},
+ OPTpages = {},
+ year = {2010},
+ OPTeditor = {},
+ address = {Valletta, Malta},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@Misc{efrem,
+ author = {Efrem Zacarias},
+ title = {Memhir.org Dictionaries ({E}nglish-{T}igrinya,
{H}ebrew-{T}igrinya dictionaries)},
+ howpublished = {Available at http://www.memhr.org/dic/},
+ year = {2009},
+}
+
+@InCollection{emmorey:96,
+ author = "Karen Emmorey",
+ title = "The Confluence of Space and Language in Signed Languages",
+ booktitle = "Language and Space",
+ publisher = "MIT Press",
+ year = "1996",
+ editor = "Paul Bloom and Mary A. Peterson and Lynn Nadel and
+ Merrill F. Garrett",
+ pages = "171--209",
+ address = "Cambridge, MA",
+ annote = "ASL, morphology, classifiers, frames of reference,
+ narrative, room description, rotation, image
+ generation, aphasia, hemispheres"
+}
+
+@BOOK{fant:73a,
+ AUTHOR = "Gunnar Fant",
+ TITLE = "Speech Sounds and Features",
+ PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
+ YEAR = "1973",
+ ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA"
+}
+
+@InProceedings{fauconnier:invisible,
+ author = "Gilles Fauconnier",
+ title = "Invisible Meaning",
+ booktitle = "Proceedings of the 16th Meeting of the Berkeley
+ Linguistics Society",
+ year = "forthcoming"
+}
+
+@InCollection{ferguson:ethiopia,
+ author = "Charles A. Ferguson",
+ title = "The \uppercase{E}thiopian Language Area",
+ booktitle = "Language in \uppercase{E}thiopia",
+ editor = "M. L. Bender and J. D. Bowen and R. L. Cooper and C.
+ A. Ferguson",
+ pages = "63--76",
+ publisher = "Oxford University Press",
+ year = "1976",
+ address = "London",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{fisheretal,
+ author = {Cynthia Fisher and D. Geoffrey Hall and Susan
+ Rakowitz and Lila Gleitman},
+ title = {When it is Better to Receive Than to Give: Syntactic
+ and Conceptual Constraints on Vocabulary Growth},
+ journal = {Lingua},
+ year = {1994},
+ volume = {92},
+ pages = {333--375},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@conference {fillmoreFS,
+ title = {Frame Semantics for Text Understanding},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of WordNet and Other Lexical Resources Workshop},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = {June},
+ publisher = {NAACL},
+ organization = {NAACL},
+ address = {Pittsburgh},
+ author = {Fillmore, Charles J. and Baker, Collin F.}
+}
+
+@Book{fodor:76,
+ author = {Jerry A. Fodor},
+ title = {The Language of Thought},
+ publisher = {Crowell},
+ year = {1976},
+ address = {New York},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@Article{apertium,
+ author = {Mikel L. Forcada and Mireia Ginest\'{i}-Rosell and Jacob
+ Nordfalk and Jim O'Regan and Sergio Ortiz-Rojas and Juan
+ Antonio P\'{e}rez-Ortiz and Felipe
+ S\'{a}nchez-Mart\'{i}nez and Gema
+ Ram\'{i}rez-S\'{a}nchez and Francis M. Tyers},
+ title = {Apertium: a Free/Open-Source Platform for Rule-Based
+ Machine Translation},
+ journal = {Machine Translation},
+ year = {2011},
+ volume = {25},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {127--144},
+ OPTnote = {},
+}
+
+@Unpublished{yitna+yaqob,
+ author = {Yitna Firdyiwek and Daniel Yaqob},
+ title = {The System for {E}thiopic Representation in {ASCII}},
+ note = {URL: citeseer.ist.psu.edu/56365.html},
+ year = {1997},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@BOOK{fromm:82,
+ AUTHOR = "H. Fromm",
+ TITLE = "Finnische \uppercase{G}rammatik",
+ PUBLISHER = "Carl Winter Universit{\"{a}}tsverlag",
+ YEAR = "1982",
+ ADDRESS = "Heidelberg"
+}
+
+@InCollection{gasser:continuity,
+ author = "Michael Gasser",
+ title = "Topic Continuity in Written {A}mharic Narrative",
+ booktitle = "Topic Continuity in Discourse: A Quantitative
+ Cross-Language Study",
+ editor = "T. Giv\'{o}n",
+ pages = "99--139",
+ publisher = "John Benjamins",
+ year = "1983",
+ address = "Amsterdam",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{gasser:lingua,
+ author = "Michael Gasser",
+ title = "Amharic {\it -m\/} and {\it -ss\/}: Morphology, Theme,
+ and Assumed Knowledge",
+ journal = "Lingua",
+ year = "1985",
+ volume = "65",
+ pages = "51--106"
+}
+
+@Article{gasser:cogsci86,
+ author = "Michael Gasser and Michael G. Dyer",
+ title = "{\it Speak of the devil\/}: Representing Deictic and
+ Speech Act Knowledge in an Integrated Lexical Memory",
+ journal = "Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society",
+ year = "1986",
+ volume = "8",
+ pages = "388--398"
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{gasseretal:interface,
+ AUTHOR = "Michael Gasser and Stephen Hockema and Matthew Kane",
+ TITLE = "Information is Power: Toward Intelligent Tools for
Information Access and Evaluation",
+ BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the {W}orld {F}orum on the
{I}nformation {S}ociety",
+ YEAR = "2005",
+ ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MN",
+ PUBLISHER = "International Research Foundation for Development"
+}
+
+@InProceedings{gasser:eacl09,
+ author = {Michael Gasser},
+ title = {Semitic morphological analysis and generation using
+ finite state transducers with feature structures},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th {C}onference of the {E}uropean
+ {C}hapter of the {ACL}},
+ pages = {309--317},
+ year = {2009},
+ address = {Athens, Greece},
+}
+
+@InProceedings{gasser:sem10,
+ author = {Michael Gasser},
+ title = {A Dependency Grammar for {A}mharic},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the {W}orkshop on {L}anguage {R}esources and
+ {H}uman {L}anguage {T}echnologies for {S}emitic
Languages},
+ year = {2010},
+ address = {Valletta, Malta},
+}
+
+@InProceedings{gasser:lrec10,
+ author = {Michael Gasser},
+ title = {Expanding the Lexicon for a Resource-Poor Language Using a
Morphological Analyzer and a Web Crawler},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on
Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10)},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = {may},
+ date = {19-21},
+ address = {Valletta, Malta},
+ editor = {},
+ publisher = {},
+ isbn = {2-9517408-6-7},
+ language = {english}
+ }
+
+@InProceedings{gasser:freerbmt11,
+ author = {Michael Gasser},
+ title = {Towards synchronous Extensible Dependency Grammar.},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on
Free/Open-Source Rule-Based Machine Translation},
+ year = {2011},
+ address = {Barcelona},
+}
+
+@InProceedings{gasser:hltd,
+ author = {Michael Gasser},
+ title = {Horn{M}orpho: a system for morphological processing of
+ {A}mharic, {O}romo, and {T}igrinya},
+ booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Human Language
+ Technology for Development},
+ year = {2011},
+ address = {Alexandria, Egypt},
+}
+
+@BOOK{gazdar+mellish,
+ AUTHOR = "Gerald Gazdar and Chris Mellish",
+ TITLE = "Natural Language Processing in Lisp: An Introduction
+ to Computational Linguistics",
+ PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley",
+ YEAR = "1989",
+ ADDRESS = "Wokingham, England",
+ NOTE = ""
+}
+
+@InCollection{getatchew:pronoun,
+ author = "Getatchew, Haile",
+ title = "The Suffix Pronouns in {A}mharic",
+ booktitle = "Papers in African Linguistics",
+ editor = "Chin-W. Kim and Herbert Stahlke",
+ pages = "101--111",
+ publisher = "Linguistic Research",
+ year = "1970",
+ address = "Edmonton, Alberta",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@PHDTHESIS{goldsmith:ap,
+ AUTHOR = "John Goldsmith",
+ TITLE = "Autosegmental Phonology",
+ SCHOOL = "MIT",
+ YEAR = "1976",
+ ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
+ NOTE = "Published 1979, Garland Press, New York"
+}
+
+@INCOLLECTION{goldsmith:cls89,
+ AUTHOR = "John Goldsmith",
+ TITLE = "Autosegmental Licensing, Inalterability, and Harmonic
+ Rule Application",
+ BOOKTITLE = "Papers from the 25th Annual Regional Meeting of
+ the Chicago Linguistic Society",
+ PUBLISHER = "",
+ YEAR = "1989",
+ EDITOR = "Randy Graczyk, Brad Music, and Caroline Wiltshire",
+ PAGES = "",
+ ADDRESS = ""
+}
+
+@BOOK{goldsmith:amp,
+ AUTHOR = "John Goldsmith",
+ TITLE = "Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology",
+ PUBLISHER = "Basil Blackwell",
+ YEAR = "1990",
+ ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA"
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{greenberg:88a,
+ AUTHOR = "S. Greenberg",
+ TITLE = "The ear as a speech analyzer",
+ JOURNAL = "Journal of Phonetics",
+ YEAR = "1988",
+ VOLUME = "16",
+ PAGES = "139-149"
+}
+
+@BOOK{grosz:86,
+ EDITOR = "Barbara J. Grosz, Karen Sparck Jones, and Bonnie
+ Lynn Webber",
+ TITLE = "Readings in Natural Language Processing",
+ PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
+ YEAR = "1986",
+ ADDRESS = "Los Altos, CA"
+}
+
+@Book{gragg,
+ author = {Gene Gragg},
+ title = {Oromo dictionary},
+ publisher = {Michigan State University Press},
+ year = {1982},
+ address = {East Lansing, MI, USA},
+ annote = {}
+}
+
+@Book{gumperz+levinson,
+ title = {Rethinking Linguistic Relativity},
+ publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
+ year = {1996},
+ editor = {John J. Gumperz and Stephen C. Levinson},
+ address = {Cambridge},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+
+@Article{habashetal:09,
+ author = {Nizar Habash and Bonnie Dorr and Christof Monz},
+ title = {Symbolic-to-Statistical Hybridization: Extending
+ Generation-Heavy Machine Translation},
+ journal = {Machine Translation},
+ year = {2009},
+ volume = {23},
+ pages = {23--63},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@BOOK{halle:83,
+ AUTHOR = "Morris Halle and G. N. Clements",
+ TITLE = "Problem Book in Phonology",
+ PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
+ YEAR = "1983",
+ ADDRESS = "San Diego"
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{hardy:88a,
+ AUTHOR = "Heather K. Hardy and Timothy R. Montler",
+ TITLE = "Imperfective Gemination in \uppercase{A}labama",
+ JOURNAL = "International Journal of American Linguistics",
+ YEAR = "1988",
+ VOLUME = "54",
+ NUMBER = "4",
+ PAGES = "399-415",
+ MONTH = October,
+ NOTE = "On subtractive morphs"
+}
+
+@PhdThesis{hayes:81,
+ author = {Bruce P. Hayes},
+ title = {A Metrical Theory of Stress Rules},
+ school = {MIT},
+ year = {1981},
+ OPTannote = {}
+}
+
+@Article{hayes+abad,
+ author = "Bruce Hayes and May Abad",
+ title = "Reduplication and Syllabification in \uppercase{I}lokano",
+ journal = "Lingua",
+ year = "1989",
+ volume = "77",
+ pages = "331--374",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Book{herskovits:book,
+ author = "Annette Herskovits",
+ title = "Language and Spatial Cognition: An Interdisciplinary
+ Study of the Prepositions in English",
+ publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
+ year = "1986",
+ address = "Cambridge"
+}
+
+@Article{herskovits:cs,
+ author = "Annette Herskovits",
+ title = "Semantics and Pragmatics of Locative Expressions",
+ journal = CogSci,
+ year = "1985",
+ volume = "9",
+ pages = "341--378"
+}
+
+@Article{hetzron:chaha,
+ author = "Robert Hetzron",
+ title = "The {\it t}-Converb in \uppercase{W}estern
+ \uppercase{G}urage (the Role
+ of Analogy in Historical Morphology)",
+ journal = "Afroasiatic Linguistics",
+ year = "1975",
+ volume = "2",
+ pages = "39--49",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{hetzron:case,
+ author = "Robert Hetzron",
+ title = "Towards an {A}mharic Case Grammar",
+ journal = "Studies in African Linguistics",
+ year = "1970",
+ volume = "1",
+ pages = "301--354",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@InCollection{hetzron+bender,
+ author = "Robert Hetzron and Marvin L. Bender",
+ title = "The Ethio-Semitic Languages",
+ booktitle = "Language in \uppercase{E}thiopia",
+ editor = "M. L. Bender and J. D. Bowen and R. L. Cooper and C.
+ A. Ferguson",
+ pages = "23--33",
+ publisher = "Oxford University Press",
+ year = "1976",
+ address = "London",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Article{hinkelman+allen,
+ author = "Elizabeth A. Hinkelman and James F. Allen",
+ title = "Two Constraints on Speech Act Ambiguity",
+ journal = AMACL,
+ year = "1989",
+ volume = "27",
+ pages = "212--219"
+}
+
+@Book{hogg+mccully,
+ author = "Richard Hogg and C. B. McCully",
+ title = "Metrical Phonology: A Coursebook",
+ publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
+ year = "1987",
+ address = "Cambridge",
+ OPTnote = ""
+}
+
+@Book{hintonetal,
+ editor = {L. Hinton and J. Nichols and J. Ohala},
+ title = {Sound Symbolism},
+ publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
***The diff for this file has been truncated for email.***
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+%
+% File coling2014.tex
+%
+% Contact: jwa...@computing.dcu.ie
+%%
+%% Based on the style files for ACL-2014, which were, in turn,
+%% Based on the style files for ACL-2013, which were, in turn,
+%% Based on the style files for ACL-2012, which were, in turn,
+%% based on the style files for ACL-2011, which were, in turn,
+%% based on the style files for ACL-2010, which were, in turn,
+%% based on the style files for ACL-IJCNLP-2009, which were, in turn,
+%% based on the style files for EACL-2009 and IJCNLP-2008...
+
+%% Based on the style files for EACL 2006 by
+%%e.ag...@ehu.es or Sergi....@uab.es
+%% and that of ACL 08 by Joakim Nivre and Noah Smith
+
+\documentclass[11pt, a4paper]{article}
+\usepackage{coling2014}
+\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage{url}
+\usepackage{latexsym}
+\usepackage{tipa}
+\usepackage{graphicx}
+%\usepackage{setspace}
+%\usepackage{array}
+
+% Lexicon/grammar entries
+\usepackage{float}
+\floatstyle{ruled}
+\newfloat{entry}{thp}{lop}
+\floatname{entry}{Entry}
+
+% Ethiopic
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage{ethiop}
+\newcommand{\eth}{\selectlanguage{ethiop}}
+
+\selectlanguage{english}
+
+%\setlength\titlebox{5cm}
+
+% You can expand the titlebox if you need extra space
+% to show all the authors. Please do not make the titlebox
+% smaller than 5cm (the original size); we will check this
+% in the camera-ready version and ask you to change it back.
+
+
+\title{Minimal Dependency Grammar for Machine Translation}
+
+\author{
+% First Author \\
+% Affiliation / Address line 1 \\
+% Affiliation / Address line 2 \\
+% Affiliation / Address line 3 \\
+% {\tt email@domain} \\\And
+% Second Author \\
+% Affiliation / Address line 1 \\
+% Affiliation / Address line 2 \\
+% Affiliation / Address line 3 \\
+% {\tt email@domain} \\
+ }
+
+\date{}
+
+\begin{document}
+\selectlanguage{english}
+\maketitle
+\begin{abstract}
+This paper introduces Hiiktuu,
+an ongoing project to develop a framework and a set
+of tools for the creation of simple bilingual dependency grammars for
machine translation
+and computer-assisted translation into and out of under-resourced
languages.
+The basic units in Hiiktuu are headed multi-word sequences, technically
catenae.
+
+\end{abstract}
+
+%\section{Credits}
+
+%This document has been adapted from the instructions for the ACL-2014
+%proceedings compiled by Alexander Koller and Yusuke Miyao,
+%which are, in turn, based on the instructions for earlier ACL proceedings,
+%including those for ACL-2012 by Maggie Li and Michael
+%White, those from ACL-2010 by Jing-Shing Chang and Philipp Koehn,
+%those for ACL-2008 by Johanna D. Moore, Simone Teufel, James Allan,
+%and Sadaoki Furui, those for ACL-2005 by Hwee Tou Ng and Kemal
+%Oflazer, those for ACL-2002 by Eugene Charniak and Dekang Lin, and
+%earlier ACL and EACL formats. Those versions were written by several
+%people, including John Chen, Henry S. Thompson and Donald
+%Walker. Additional elements were taken from the formatting
+%instructions of the {\em International Joint Conference on Artificial
+% Intelligence}.
+
+\section{Introduction}
+\label{intro}
+
+%
+% The following footnote without marker is needed for the camera-ready
+% version of the paper.
+% Comment out the instructions (first text) and uncomment the 8 lines
+% under "final paper" for your variant of English.
+%
+\blfootnote{
+ %
+ % for review submission
+ %
+% \hspace{-0.65cm} % space normally used by the marker
+% Place licence statement here for the camera-ready version, see
+% Section~\ref{licence} of the instructions for preparing a
+% manuscript.
+ %
+ % % final paper: en-uk version (to license, a licence)
+ %
+ % \hspace{-0.65cm} % space normally used by the marker
+ % This work is licensed under a Creative Commons
+ % Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
+ % Page numbers and proceedings footer are added by
+ % the organisers.
+ % Licence details:
+ % \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}
+ %
+ % % final paper: en-us version (to licence, a license)
+
+ \hspace{-0.65cm} % space normally used by the marker
+ This work is licenced under a Creative Commons
+ Attribution 4.0 International License.
+ Page numbers and proceedings footer are added by
+ the organizers.
+ License details:
+ \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/}
+}
+
+For the great majority of the world's languages we lack
+adequate resources to make use of the machine learning techniques that
+have become the standard for modern computational linguists.
+Languages with inadequate resources include not only those with few
+speakers, many of them endangered, but also a number of Asian and African
languages with tens of
+millions of speakers, such as Telugu, Burmese, Oromo, and Hausa.
+For machine translation (MT) and computer-assisted translation (CAT),
+the lack is even more serious because what is
+required is bitext, sentence-aligned translations between the language
+in question and another language.
+
+For these reasons, work on many such languages will continue to
+consist in large part in the writing of computational grammars and
+lexica by people.
+Because such work normally requires significant training and is
+notoriously time-consuming, there is a need for tools to permit
+researchers and language technology users to ``get off the ground''
+with these languages, that is, to create rudimentary grammars and lexica
that
+will permit some basic applications, and, in the case of endangered
languages,
+will facilitate the documentation process.
+
+We are particularly interested in MT and CAT and the grammars and lexica
that they require.
+Our long-term goal is a system that allows naive users to write bilingual
lexicon-grammars
+for low-resource languages that can also be updated on the basis of
monolingual and bilingual corpora,
+to the extent these are available.
+Our long-term goals are most similar to those of the Apertium
\cite{apertium} project.
+
+In this paper we describe the initial steps in developing Hiiktuu, a
lexical-grammatical
+framework for MT and CAT.
+
+\section{Lexica and grammars}
+
+\subsection{Phrasal lexica}
+\label{subsect:phrase}
+
+The idea of treating phrases rather than individual words as the basic
units of a language
+goes back at least to the proposal of a Phrasal Lexicon by Becker
\shortcite{becker}.
+In recent years, the idea has gained currency within the related
frameworks of Construction Grammar \cite{steels}
+and Frame Semantics \cite{fillmoreFS} as well as in phrase-based
statistical machine translation, which
+in one form or another now dominates the MT field.
+Arguments in favor of phrasal units are often framed in terms of the
ubiquity of idiomaticity, that is, departure
+to one degree or another from strict compositionality.
+
+Seen another way, phrasal units address the ubiquity of lexical ambiguity.
+If a verb's interpretation depends on its object or subject, then it may
make more sense to the combination
+of the verb and particular objects or subjects as units in their own right.
+
+These related arguments based on idiomaticity and ambiguity are semantic;
they point out the advantages of
+phrasal units in system that are concerned with meaning.
+But the arguments extend naturally to translation.
+If the meaning of a phrase in the source language fails to be the strict
combination of the meanings
+of the individual words in the phrase, then it is unlikely that the
translation of the phrase will be the
+combination of the translations of the words in the phrase.
+If a noun or verb has multiple translations, then adding lexical context
to the noun or verb could permit an MT
+system to select the appropriate translation.
+
+\subsection{A simple phrasal lexicon}
+\label{subsect:lexicon}
+
+The basic lexical entries of Hiiktuu are multi-word units called
\textbf{groups}.
+Each group represents a catena \cite{osborneetal12}.
+Catenae go beyond constituents (phrases), including all combinations of
elements that are continuous
+in the vertical dimension within a dependency tree.
+For example, in the sentence \textit{I gave her a piece of my mind},
\textit{I, gave} and \textit{gave, her, piece}
+are among the catenae but not the constituents of the sentence.
+
+A catena has a head, and each Hiiktuu group must also have a head, the
main function of which is to
+index the group within the lexicon.
+A group's entry may also specify translations to groups in one or more
other languages,
+and as in the phrase tables of PBSMT systems.
+For each translation, the group's entry gives an \textbf{alignment}
between the groups, representing correspondences between
+group elements, again as in PBSMT.
+Entry~\ref{entry:end} shows a simple group entry of this sort.
+The English group \textit{the end of the world} with head \textit{end} has
as its Spanish translation
+the group \textit{el fin del munro} (which must have an entry in the
Spanish lexicon).
+In the alignment, all but the fourth word (\textit{the}) in the English
group is associated with a word in the Spanish group.
+
+\begin{entry}
+%\begin{spacing}{.85}
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+end:
+ - words: [the, end, of, the, world]
+ trans:
+ spa:
+ - [el_fin_del_mundo,
+ {align: [1,2,3,0,4]}]
+\end{verbatim}
+\normalsize
+%\end{spacing}
+\caption{Entry for \textit{the end of the world} and its Spanish
translation}
+\label{entry:end}
+\end{entry}
+
+\subsection{The lexicon-grammar tradeoff}
+\label{subsect:lexgram}
+
+A rudimentary lexicon with entries like the one in Entry~\ref{entry:end}
is simple
+in two senses: a user with no knowledge of linguistics or the grammar of
either
+language can add entries in a straightforward manner, and the resulting
entries are
+easily understood.
+Such a lexicon permits the translation of sentences consisting of verbatim
combinations
+of the word forms in the group entries, as long as group order is
preserved across
+the languages and there are no constraints between groups that would
affect the form
+of the target-language words.
+
+However, since it contains no grammatical information, such a lexicon
permits no
+{\em generalization} to combinations of wordforms that are not explicit in
group
+lexical entries.
+We are left with the need to include group entries for every reasonably
possible combination of
+wordforms.
+Even when enormous bitext corpora are available, as for language pairs
like English-Spanish,
+SMT researchers have discovered the need to incorporate some syntax in
their systems.
+
+At the other other extreme from this simple lexicon is a full-blown
grammar that is driven by
+the traditional linguistic concern --- one might even say obsession ---
with maximum parsimony:
+every possible generalization must be ``captured''.
+Although it has the advantage of compactness and of possibly reflecting
general principles
+of linguistic structure, such a grammar is difficult
+to write, to debug, and to understand, requiring significant knowledge of
linguistics.
+As we have seen, abstract word-based grammars also miss the information
that is inherent
+in words in context.
+
+In the Hiiktuu project, the goal is to permit a range of possibilities
along the continuum from
+purely lexical (and phrasal) to syntactic/grammatical, with the emphasis
on ease of entry
+creation and interpretation.
+
+\section{Generalization to grammar}
+
+\subsection{Lexemes}
+\label{subsect:lexeme}
+
+We can achieve significant generalization over simple groups consisting of
wordforms only by
+permitting lexemes in groups.
+As an example, consider the English group \textit{pass\_v the buck}, where
\textit{pass\_v} is
+the verb lexeme \textit{pass}.
+
+In order to make such a group usable, the lexicon also requires
\textbf{form} entries,
+giving the lexeme roots as well as grammatical features for specific word
forms.
+Some of these, along with the group entry, are shown in
Entry~\ref{entry:pass}.
+
+\begin{entry}
+%\begin{spacing}{.85}
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+groups:
+ pass_v:
+ - words: [pass_v, the, buck]
+forms:
+ pass:
+ - root: pass_v, features: {prs: 1, tns: prs}
+ - root: pass_v, features: {prs: 2, tns: prs}
+ - root: pass_n, features: {num: sng}
+ - root: pass_v, features: {prs: 3, num: plr, tns: prs}
+ passes:
+ root: pass_v, features: {prs: 3, num: sng, tns: prs}
+ passed:
+ root: pass_v, features: {tns: pst}
+\end{verbatim}
+\normalsize
+%\end{spacing}
+\caption{Group entry for \textit{pass the buck} and three form entries}
+\label{entry:pass}
+\end{entry}
+
+Because the entry for \textit{pass the buck} accommodates multiple
sequences of English word forms,
+there needs to be a way to map these onto the appropriate sequences in the
target language.
+In Hiiktuu, the simplest way to accomplish this is a set of pairs of
agreement features
+for the lexeme that constrain the corresponding target language form to
agree with the source
+form on those features.
+In Entry~\ref{entry:passtrans}, we see \textit{agr} attributes for the
translation, none for
+the words \textit{the} and \textit{buck}, and for the head
\textit{pass\_v}, agreement between
+the tense and \textit{tiempo}, person and \textit{persona}, and number and
\textit{nœmero} features.
+For example, if this group is activated in the translation of the sentence
\textit{Carl passes the buck},
+the head of the Spanish translation of the group will be constrained to be
third person singular present tense (tiempo):
+\textit{Carl \textbf{escurre} el bulto}.
+
+\begin{entry}
+%\begin{spacing}{.85}
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+pass_v:
+- words: [pass_v, the, buck]
+ trans:
+ spa:
+ - [escurrir_el_bulto,
+ {align: [1,2,3], agr: [{tns: tmp, prs: prs, num: num}, 0, 0]}]
+\end{verbatim}
+\normalsize
+%\end{spacing}
+\caption{Group entry for \textit{pass the buck} with Spanish translation}
+\label{entry:passtrans}
+\end{entry}
+
+\subsection{Lexical/grammatical categories}
+\label{subsect:cats}
+
+Another simple way to generalize across groups is to introduce syntactic
or semantic categories.
+Consider again the English expression text it{give somebody a piece of
one's mind}.
+We can generalize across specific word sequences such as \textit{gave me a
piece of his mind}
+and \textit{gave them a piece of my mind} by replacing the specific word
forms in positions
+2 and 6 in the group with categories that include the wordforms that can
fill those positions.
+This requires the form dictionary to record the categories that wordforms
belong to.
+Entry~\ref{entry:mind} shows how the entry for \textit{give somebody a
piece of one's mind} would
+record this information.
+Category names are preceded by \$.
+
+\begin{entry}
+%\begin{spacing}{.85}
+\small
+\begin{verbatim}
+groups:
+ give_v:
+ - words: [give_v, $sbd, a, piece, of, $sbds, mind]
+ trans:
+ spa:
+ - [cantar_$algn_las_cuarenta,
+ {align: [1,2,3,4,0,0,0],
+ agr: [{tns: tmp, prs: prs, num: num}, 0,0,0,0,0,0]}]
+ my:
+ - words: [my]
+ trans:
+ spa:
+ - [mi]
+ - [mis]
+ mayor:
+ - words: [the, mayor]
+forms:
+ my:
+ - cats: [$sbds]
+ mayor:
+ - cats: [$sbd]
+\end{verbatim}
+\normalsize
+%\end{spacing}
+\caption{Group entry for \textit{give somebody a piece of one's mind} and
a few associated form entries}
+\label{entry:mind}
+\end{entry}
+
+Because group positions that are filled by categories do not specify a
surface form,
+for parsing and generation of sentences, they must be merged with other
groups that match
+the category and do specify a form.
+For example, to parse the sentence \textit{I gave the mayor a piece of my
mind} requires
+that positions 2 and 6 in the group
\textit{give\_v\_$sbd\_a\_piece\_of\_$sbds\_mind} be
+filled by the heads of the groups \textit{the\_mayor} and \textit{my}.
+This merging process is illustrated in Figure~\ref{fig:mind}.
+
+\begin{figure}[ht]
+\begin{center}
+ \includegraphics{mind}
+\caption{Merging of three groups in \textit{gave the mayor a piece of my
mind}}
+\label{fig:mind}
+\end{center}
+\end{figure}
+
+This group illustrates another requirement of some groups containing
categories.
+In \textit{give somebody a piece of one's mind}, the possessive adjective
in the place of
+\textit{one's} must agree with the subject of the sentence.
+Since the group contains no subject, we constrain it to agree with the
person and number
+of the verb.
+Thus the entry for this group also contains the agreement attribute:
+\texttt{agr: [[1, 6, [prs, prs], [num, num]]]}.
+This states that the sixth element agrees with the first on person and
number features.
+
+\section{Constraint satisfaction and translation}
+\label{sect:cs}
+
+Translation in Hiiktuu takes place in two phases.
+First the sentence is parsed.
+A parse consists of an assignment of groups from the lexicon to words in
the sentence
+in such a way that several constraints are satisfied.
+
+\section{Related work}
+\label{sect:related}
+
+... Apertium, MOLTO?, other grammatical formalisms? ...
+
+\section{Evaluation}
+\label{sect:eval}
+???
+
+\section{Ongoing and future work}
+\label{sect:future}
+
+... (G)UI for creating lexica, elicitation of lexica ...
+... between-group dependencies ...
+... application to Spa-Grn, Amh-Orm ...
+
+\section{Conclusions}
+\label{sect:conclusions}
+
+% include your own bib file like this:
+%\bibliographystyle{acl}
+%\bibliography{acl2014}
+
+\bibliographystyle{acl}
+\bibliography{hltdi}
+
+\end{document}
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