Introduction and Thesis:
1. Teleological history and moral purpose in WM's view
2. Intention is, in William’s view, a predictable indicator of historical consequences. He centers several of his narratives around this central idea, engaging his readers in debates both religious and political. One political debate pertains to faithful naming: was the Norman Conquest an invasion of the politically strong against the morally weak--a "scourge of God"--or was it a genuine accession? Another religious debate pertains to the Investiture Conflict: was it the duty and right of the Western Roman Church to take the power of investiture away from the kings of Christendom and upon itself?
WM’s Teleological Approach to History: A Brief Description
1. 1. Gospel example & the strengthened church: Anselm’s beginning and end
2. 2. Noble beginnings & papal vindication: Wilfrid’s beginning and end
3. 3. Mockery & Disaster: King Ecgfrith and Queen Eormenberg’s beginning and end
A Political Debate: The Norman Conquest
1. 1. King Harold: jealous usurper or government by consent?
a. WM’s “unraveling” of Harold’s motives
2. 2. King William: able governor or scourge of God?
a. WM’s “unraveling” of William I and William II’s motives
An Ecclesiastical Debate: The Investiture Conflict
1. 1. Argument by custom: William II’s assertions and considerations raised by Miller
2. Argument by moral reason: Gregory VII and Urban’s assertions and considerations raised by Miller
4. 4. WM sides with the popes based on intention
Conclusion: How far must the historian "pull back" in order to see history teleologically? Do motives predict the end before the story is written?
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