Nanotechnology For Microelectronics And Optoelectronics Pdf Free Download
Eilal Pichardo
Nanotechnology for Microelectronics and Optoelectronics outlines in detail the fundamental solid-state physics concepts that explain the new properties of matter caused by this reduction of solids to the nanometer scale. Applications of these electronic properties is also explored, helping students and researchers to appreciate the current status and future potential of nanotechnology as applied to the electronics industry.
Nanotechnology for Microelectronics and Photonics, Second Edition has been thoroughly revised, expanded, and updated. The aim of the book is to present the most recent advances in the field of nanomaterials, as well as the devices being developed for novel nanoelectronics and nanophotonic systems. It covers the many novel nanoscale applications in microelectronics and photonics that have been developed in recent years. Looking to the future, the book suggests what other applications are currently in development and may become feasible within the next few decades based on novel materials such as graphene, nanotubes, and organic semiconductors.
Nanotechnology For Microelectronics And Optoelectronics Pdf Free Download
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In addition, the inclusion of new chapters and new sections to keep up with the latest developments in this rapidly-evolving field makes Nanotechnology for Microelectronics and Photonics, Second Edition an invaluable reference to research and industrial scientists looking for a guide on how nanostructured materials and nanoscale devices are used in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and photonics today and in future developments.
The remarkable properties of graphene have renewed interest in inorganic, two-dimensional materials with unique electronic and optical attributes. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are layered materials with strong in-plane bonding and weak out-of-plane interactions enabling exfoliation into two-dimensional layers of single unit cell thickness. Although TMDCs have been studied for decades, recent advances in nanoscale materials characterization and device fabrication have opened up new opportunities for two-dimensional layers of thin TMDCs in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. TMDCs such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 have sizable bandgaps that change from indirect to direct in single layers, allowing applications such as transistors, photodetectors and electroluminescent devices. We review the historical development of TMDCs, methods for preparing atomically thin layers, their electronic and optical properties, and prospects for future advances in electronics and optoelectronics.
Integration of novel materials at nanoscales and of innovative design concepts into optoelectronic devices and optical systems enables photonic technologies that empower the next-generation of light sources, smart lighting detectors and sensors, biodetection, and on-chip communication. At BU we have a strong history of innovative research in the photonics and nanotechnology fields, including the development of novel photonic and electronic materials from metamaterials to two-dimensional materials over plasmonics. Integrated optoelectronics, silicon photonics, quantum optics, optical devices and systems, fiber sources and power electronics pave pathways towards high-speed communication, novel detectors, MEMS/NEMS sensors and next-generation laser and ultrafast optics. Sophisticated customized fabrication, design and modeling combined with state-of-the art characterization techniques down to nanoscales enables the demonstration of high performance photonic devices. All these technologies are centered around the detection, transmission and manipulation of light and photons and drive interdisciplinary applications in fields as smart lighting, optical characterization and biomedical instrumentation. Research activities in Photonics, Electronics and Nanotechnology strongly connect ECE to the Photonics Center and the Nanotechnology Innovation Center that serve as a fertile ground for cross-disciplinary collaborations. We invite you to explore our research activities, meet our teams, and read about our success stories by visiting faculty, lab and research center pages below.
Significant research has been conducted on two-dimensional (2D) materials, including conductors (graphene) [1], semiconductors (MoS2), superconductors (NbSe2), and insulators (h-BN). The family of 2D-layered materials, possessing unique structures and extraordinary physical and chemical properties, has been continuously expanded with the addition of members such as transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) [2], phosphorene, borophene, and MXenes. These 2D materials have been widely employed in biomedical engineering [3], electronics and optoelectronics, photonics, optics, and related devices. Besides, 2D materials have boosted the field of smart sensing such as gas sensors [4]. They exhibit significant potential in devices such as photodetectors and photovoltaic cells; this is attributed to their distinct resonance absorption in the visible to near-infrared spectrum.
In this review, we discuss the most recent developments with regard to PdSe2 and its vdWHs, including approaches for its synthesis and its application in electronics, optoelectronics, and optics. We believe that this comprehensive contribution may attract the attention of research communities as well as industrial engineers interested in PdSe2 material development and device integration.
To date, PdSe2 remains the only choice for polarization investigation among the noble metal dichalcogenides. Indeed, the pentagonal PdS2 may possess the photoelectric properties analogous to the PdSe2. But 2D PdS2 investigation remains the theoretical calculation [13] and has yet been successfully prepared in experiments. This is probably because of the thermodynamic instability of marcasite PdS2 in the air [14]. Therefore, the application of PdSe2 exhibits high promise in the applications of optoelectronics and electronics.
Previously, the electronics, optoelectronics, and optics of PdSe2 have been introduced. Besides, the PdSe2 may possess great promises in the environmental, energy and biomedical applications. Indeed, the 2D materials have demonstrated the great performances in clean energy production [97,98,99], i.e., catalysis of hydrogen production or oxygen reduction, solar cells [100], thermoelectric power generation, energy storage, environmental remediation [101, 102], and photodegradation of organic-molecules-polluted water [103] as well as water purification. Besides, the metallic low dimension materials may favor the anti-bacterial performances as well as other biomedical engineering.
The vdWHs of 2D materials employ weak layer interactions between two stacked layered materials to form multilayer structures. Owing to the enriched choice of conductivity types, 2D materials can be stacked by choosing from semiconducting, metallic, and insulating types. Indeed, 2D material-based vdWHs have enhanced the device architectures of conventional Si technology. Here, PdSe2 as a semiconducting 2D material could broaden the applicability of 2D vdWHs. In this section, we discuss emerging applications in electronics, such as rectifiers and optoelectronics, such as image sensors.
The fundamental physics of PdSe2 may provide for the insight for the guide of device design and fabrication. Indeed, the engineering applications of conventional devices and characterization tools require refreshing novel materials to enrich the interdisciplinary research across the microelectronics, optoelectronics, spectroscopy, optics, photonics, spintronics, and valleytronics. Besides, the magnetic properties of materials are interesting for the incubation of the proof-of-concept devices. Besides, the band alignment in a heterostructure may provide a platform for photo-generated carrier transport. The 2D materials as saturable absorbers have demonstrated extraordinary performances in Q-switching and mode lock for pulsed laser generation. Indeed, the metallic 2D materials have demonstrated superior performances in electromagnetic interference shielding or microwave absorption. Besides, the incorporation of magnetic nanoparticles may lead to the change of magnetoresistance as a magnetic field sensor.
While there is no area-specific capstone for the Microelectronics and Nanotechnology pathway, industry-sponsored capstone projects that require semiconductor expertise can be completed through the ENGINE capstone course sequence (see description below), or alternatively, pursued in the labs of individual faculty conducting research in microelectronics and nanotechnology applications. Consult with UW ECE Advising for more information.
Nanoelectronics refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. The term covers a diverse set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively. Some of these candidates include: hybrid molecular/semiconductor electronics, one-dimensional nanotubes/nanowires (e.g. silicon nanowires or carbon nanotubes) or advanced molecular electronics.
Current high-technology production processes are based on traditional top down strategies, where nanotechnology has already been introduced silently. The critical length scale of integrated circuits is already at the nanoscale (50 nm and below) regarding the gate length of transistors in CPUs or DRAM devices.
Research in photonics, electronics and quantum systems focuses on the applications of material science to electronic system design. These systems consider the effects at the nanoscale of physics, electromagnetism, and light. Innovative designs improve sensing, circuit design and efficiency, signal transmission and amplification, and quantum computation. Students in this area are well prepared for jobs in semiconductors, solid state electronics, nanotechnology, medical imaging, and material engineering.
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