[Download Driver Motherboard Pc Chip P21g
Rancul Ratha
Yesterday i made a thread about Socket 478 motherboards with PCI-E slots, but i decided to some some more research and make a list of the oposite, LGA 775 motherboards with AGP Slots, these are more common than Socket 478+PCI-E mobos, but also interesting at some point
Some Intel 865 and VIA chipsets boards might support Dual Core, 65 nm CPUs or even Core 2, but it depends of the motherboard model. There are at least vey few boards with Core 2 Quad Support (AsRock 775i65G R2.0/3.0 and AsRock ConRoe865PE afaik). Ethier way, check CPU support of the motherboard
WARNING - NON AGP chipsets:
These are boards which seems to have AGP, but is not actually AGP, but rather an implementation of it using PCI bus or PCI-e bus, they are not real AGP slots, these slots don't run as well as real AGP slots and they have also compatibility issues, they generally use non AGP chipsets. I would recomend avoiding them if you want to build an AGP rig.
What is your biggest Pentium 4 Collection?
Socket 423/478 Motherboards with Universal AGP Slot
Socket 478 Motherboards with PCI-E Slots
LGA 775 Motherboards with AGP Slots
Experiences and thoughts with Socket 423 systems
The more I learn, the more I realize how much I don't know.
OPL3 FM vs. Roland MT-32 vs. General MIDI DOS Game Comparison
Let's benchmark our systems with cache disabled
DOS PCI Graphics Card Benchmarks
Hi I've got rev 1.0 of ECS 865PE-A7 board that officially supports only 90 nm P4/Celerons and must note that without modified bios I'm now running 65nm Pentium 4 651 3.4/800 in it. EIST and hyperthreading works OK. Maybe it could handle some Pentium D, but I wouldn't risk anything higher than 9xx with 95W TDP.
Thanks guys for this topic, I found it via google. It is really great and has lots of useful info. I collecting rare hardware and it just gave me an idea, that I also need the latest and fastest AGP motherboard. I just ordered an ASRock 775i65G R3.0 motherboard, since it is cheap and still available as new! Maybe I will just keep now in box unopened or later I will setup with a Voodoo 4.
Serial ATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment or SATA) is a command and transport protocol that defines how data is transferred between a computer's motherboard and mass storage devices, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), optical drives and solid-state drives (SSDs). As its name implies, SATA is based on serial signaling technology, where data is transferred as a sequence of individual bits.
The Serial ATA International Organization (SATA-IO) oversees the development of the technical specification. SATA specifies a transfer format and a wiring arrangement. It succeeded Parallel ATA (PATA) as the communications interface for most new computer systems. Those systems also usually support serial-attached SCSI (SAS) and non-volatile memory express (NVMe) communication protocols.
SATA is a serial version of the Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) specification for PATA hard drives that use parallel signaling. SATA cables are thinner, more flexible and less massive than the ribbon cables required for conventional PATA hard drives.
Serial ATA HDDs and SSDs connect to a computer's motherboard via SATA controller hardware, which also manages data flow. When SATA is in IDE mode, the hard drive can be recognized as a PATA device. This setup improves compatibility with older hardware, but performance suffers.
Setting a SATA controller to Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) offers better performance than the IDE mode. AHCI supports external interfaces and hot swapping of drives. The RAID mode supports both AHCI functions and RAID data protection features.
Depending on the computer system, users may need to install device-specific driver software to enable SATA SSDs to communicate with the device's motherboard. IDE-based HDDs do not require driver software.
The nonprofit SATA-IO industry consortium authors the technical specifications governing Serial ATA device interfaces. The consortium revises SATA standards to reflect increased data transfer rates. These revisions include the following changes:
When comparing SATA and PATA, a serial connection requires fewer wires and results in a clearer signal than a parallel connection. This makes serial signals suitable for transmitting data over long distances.
A parallel signal is synchronous and requires a wider data bus. Multiple bits are sent simultaneously across different wires that are housed in the same cable. A clocking signal synchronizes the timing between the different channels. As a result, parallel transmission is better suited to shorter distances to avoid signal interference. The multiple wires that parallelism needs also makes it slightly more costly than serial transmission.
Serial-attached SCSI or SAS and SATA are both technologies that use thin cables to serially transmit data from a computer's motherboard to and from storage. However, there are some key differences between the two technologies, including the following:
Basic design. SATA connectors have four wires in one cable. SAS connectors also have four wires, but they separate the wires into two cables where each conductor pair can send and receive data. Because of this difference, SATA can only connect a motherboard to a storage device. SAS, on the other hand, can connect the motherboard to a storage drive and another device.
Read and write speeds. SATA 3.0 writes data to storage at a theoretical limit up to 6 Gbps, but it reads data at a slower pace when pulling it out of storage for applications. SAS reads and writes data continuously at roughly the same rate of 6 Gbps.
Where used. Because SATA reads data more slowly than it writes it and because it supports high capacities, SATA drives are widely used for file storage of data that is not frequently accessed. SAS drives are a good option for low-density storage workloads. Enterprises typically use SAS for large-scale storage, particularly to support direct-attached storage or hard drive controllers for enterprise server farms.
Mean time between failure (MTBF). SAS HDDs have a higher MTBF rate that makes them more suitable than SATA drives for server-based storage. The MTBF of SAS SSDs ranges from 1.2 million to 1.6 million hours, while SATA HDDs carry an MTBF ranging from 700,000 to 1.2 million hours.
SATA was initially developed for electromechanical drives in which an actuator arm writes data to and reads data from sectors on a rotating spindled disk. The SATA standard was later modified to support nonmechanical SSDs based on flash storage.
Flash is much faster than disk storage, but the slower SATA interface that was originally designed for HDDs continued to limit SSD speeds. The more recent NVMe flash interface enables a computer to read and write data to SSD storage at a faster rate than SATA and SAS SSDs.
NVMe enables host software to communicate directly with storage subsystems. That eliminates the need for a bus interface to route data traffic back and forth. NVMe defines the host controller interface and storage protocol for flash devices optimized for PCIe, a serial expansion bus that enables computers to attach to peripheral devices. PCIe-based NVMe SSDs are available in a standard form factor and as dual-inline memory modules that are inserted in motherboard slots.
Thin mSATA and M.2 SATA devices were developed to provide board-level flash storage. In 2009, SATA-IO unveiled the mSATA specification for small form-factor SSDs. The "m" originally stood for mini, but that designation is no longer relevant and the specification is referred to as mSATA.
An mSATA device is a flash drive based on the SATA-IO specification. It is used in laptops and other portable computing devices. The mSATA spec maps SATA signals to an internally mounted PCIe card in a computer's motherboard, using an mSATA connector. MSATA drives are designed without an outer shell to fit inside small host devices. Their performance is roughly equivalent to traditional SATA SSDs.
Depending on the manufacturer, some computer systems allow both mSATA and PCIe SSDs to be inserted in the memory slot. The pins and slots used by the two protocols are identical, but the standards are not natively compatible. System administrators must configure the drives to run either in mSATA or PCIe mode.
The M.2 SSD form factor emerged as storage for ultrathin computing devices; it is generally considered to be an eventual replacement for mSATA. An mSATA device supports any iteration of SATA but is not compatible with the M.2 connector. Conversely, an M.2 SSD supports SATA, USB 3.0 and PCIe 3.0.
When first conceived, SATA was intended as an internal mechanism to improve the performance of storage in consumer PCs. The need to extend that performance outside the chassis led to development of the External Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (eSATA).
SATA-IO developed eSATA as a variation of the SATA specification, using the same pins and protocol to ensure consistent performance. This allowed SATA storage devices to be connected externally to the computer's motherboard. The process uses a rugged power connector and two meters of shielded cables to transfer data between external devices and internal storage. SATA-IO claims eSATA transfers data up to six times faster than the USB 2.0 or IEEE 1394 interface.
795a8134c1