C-CDA stands for Consolidated CDA. It is simply Implementation Guide based on CDA standard.
Problem with CDA is that it is too generic, it can hold any healthcare data. For implementations, we need more constrained document or specification, so that it can be implemented (receiver must know clearly what sender can send). To be practically useful in exchanging a specific kind of clinical document with CDA, it's necessary that the sender and the receiver of the CDA document agree to use a relatively narrow subset of everything that CDA offers. In addition, the sender and receiver must establish a more detailed alignment regarding additional semantics (beyond the base semantics provided by CDA), of what is going to conveyed in the documents they exchange.
CCDA is made up of such 9 different constrained documents. The most common is CCD (continuity of Care Document).
One simple example to understand difference between CDA and CCD-
CCD can only have 15 sections (15 different type of clinical data like results, medication, family history, problem etc.) but CDA XML can hold any sections (there are hundreds of such sections defined, each defined and determined by section LOINC codes).
you can say that CCD is kind of sub set of CDA. In constraining, CCD also put conditions on which element must be present and cardinality of elements. Whereas CDA would have mostly everything optional.
You can download CCDA spec from HL7.org:
HL7 Implementation Guides for CDA Release 2: IHE Health Story Consolidation, DSTU Release 1.1 - US RealmExpiration Sep 2017

(Download) (7.10 MB)
Regards,
Aditya Joshi
HL7 SME & Trainer